DUNDEE
, a royal, municipal and See also:police See also:burgh, See also:county of a See also:city, and seaport of See also:Forfarshire, See also:Scotland
.
Pop
.
(1891) 153,587; (1901) 161,173
.
It lies on the See also:north See also:shore of the See also:Firth of See also:Tay, 594 M
.
N. by E. of See also:Edinburgh by the North See also:British railway via the Forth and Tay See also:bridges
.
The Caledonian railway finds See also:access to the city by way of See also:Perth, which is distant about 22 M
.
W. by S
.
The See also:general disposition of the See also:town is from See also:east to See also:west, with a frontage on the See also:water of 4 M
.
The See also:area northwards that has already been built over varies in See also:depth from See also:half a mile to nearly 22 M
.
(from Esplanade Station to See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King's See also:Cross)
.
The city rises gradually from the See also:river to Dundee See also:Law and Balgay See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
Hill
.
Since the See also:estuary to the E. of Tay See also:bridge is 11 m. wide, and the commodious docks—in immediate contact with the river at all stages of the See also:tide—are within 12 M. of the See also:sea, the position of the city eminently adapts it to be the See also:emporium of a vast See also:trade by See also:land and sea
.
But its prosperity is due in a far greater measure to its manufactures of jute and See also:linen—of which it is the See also:chief seat in the See also:United See also:Kingdom—than to its See also:shipping
.
Public Buildings.—The town-See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall, built in 1734 from the designs of See also:Robert See also:Adam, stands in High See also:Street
.
It is surmounted by a See also:steeple 140 ft. high, carrying a See also:good peal of bells, and beneath it is a piazza
.
The old Town Cross, a See also:shaft 15 it. high, bearing a See also:unicorn with the date of 1586, once stood in High Street also, but was re-erected within the enclosure on the S.W. of Town Churches (see below)
.
See also:Albert Square, with statues of Robert See also:Burns, See also:George Kinloch, the first member for Dundee in the Reform See also:Parliament (both by See also:Sir See also:John Steell), and See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James See also:Carmichael (1776-1853), inventor of the See also:fan-blast (by John Hutchison, R.S.A.), contains several good buildings, among them the Royal See also:Exchange in Flemish Pointed (erected in 1853-1856), the Eastern See also:Club-See also:house, and the Albert See also:Institute, founded in memory of the See also:prince See also:consort
.
The last, built mainly from designs by Sir See also:- GILBERT
- GILBERT (KINGSMILL) ISLANDS
- GILBERT (or GYLBERDE), WILLIAM (1544-1603)
- GILBERT, ALFRED (1854– )
- GILBERT, ANN (1821-1904)
- GILBERT, GROVE KARL (1843– )
- GILBERT, J
- GILBERT, JOHN (1810-1889)
- GILBERT, MARIE DOLORES ELIZA ROSANNA [" LOLA MONTEZ "] (1818-1861)
- GILBERT, NICOLAS JOSEPH LAURENT (1751–1780)
- GILBERT, SIR HUMPHREY (c. 1539-1583)
- GILBERT, SIR JOSEPH HENRY (1817-1901)
- GILBERT, SIR WILLIAM SCHWENK (1836– )
Gilbert See also:Scott, is one of the most important edifices in the city, since it embraces the See also:art See also:gallery, See also:free library, reference library, museum and several halls
.
On the north See also:side of the See also:building is the seated figure, in See also:bronze, of See also:Queen See also:Victoria, on a polished red See also:granite See also:pedestal containing bas-reliefs of episodes in Her See also:Majesty's See also:life, the See also:work of Harry See also:Bates, A.R.A
.
The See also:custom house, near the docks, is in Classical See also:style and See also:dates from 1843
.
The See also:Sheriff See also:Court buildings and Police See also:Chambers, a structure of Grecian See also:design, with a bold See also:portico, was erected in 1864-1865
.
The' halls used for See also:great public meetings are the Volunteer See also:Drill Hall in See also:Parker Square, and Kinnaird Hall in See also:Bank Street
.
Of the newer streets, Commercial, Reform, See also:Whitehall, Bank and See also:Lindsay contain many buildings of good design and the See also:principal shops
.
In Bank Street are the offices of the Dundee Advertiser, the leading newspaper in the north-east of Scotland; and in Lindsay Street the headquarters of the Dundee See also:Courier
.
In See also:Dock Street stands the Royal See also:Arch, an effective structure, erected to commemorate the visit of Queen Victoria in 1844
.
Among places of amusement are the See also:Theatre Royal, the See also:People's See also:Palace theatre, the See also:Music Hall, the See also:Circus and the Gymnasium
.
The See also:cattle See also:market and slaughter-houses, both on an extensive See also:scale, are in the east end of the city, not far from Camperdown Dock
.
Dudhope See also:Castle, once the seat of the Scrymgeours, hereditary constables of the burgh—one of whom (Sir See also:Alexander) was a See also:companion-in-arms of See also:Wallace,—was granted by James II. to John See also:Graham of Claverhouse
.
On his See also:death it reverted to the See also:crown, and at a later date was converted into See also:barracks
.
When the new barracks at Dudhope See also:Park were occupied, the Castle was transformed into an See also:industrial museum
.
Though Dundee was once a walled town, the only relic of its walls is the East See also:Port., the preservation of which was due to the tradition that George
See also:Wishart preached from the See also:top of it during the See also:plague of 1544•
Churches.—Of the many churches and chapels the most interesting is Town Churches—St See also:Mary's, St See also:Paul's and St See also:Clement's, the three under one roof—surmounted by the See also:noble square See also:tower, 156 ft. high, called the Old Steeple, once the See also:belfry of the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church which was erected on this spot by See also:David, See also:earl of See also:Huntingdon, as a thank-offering for his See also:- ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli
escape from shipwreck on the shoals at the mouth of the Tay (1193)
.
The church perished, but the See also:- BELL
- BELL, ALEXANDER MELVILLE (1819—1905)
- BELL, ANDREW (1753—1832)
- BELL, GEORGE JOSEPH (1770-1843)
- BELL, HENRY (1767-1830)
- BELL, HENRY GLASSFORD (1803-1874)
- BELL, JACOB (1810-1859)
- BELL, JOHN (1691-178o)
- BELL, JOHN (1763-1820)
- BELL, JOHN (1797-1869)
- BELL, ROBERT (1800-1867)
- BELL, SIR CHARLES (1774—1842)
bell-tower remained and was restored in 1871-1873 by Sir Gilbert Scott
.
The See also:fine See also:Roman See also:Catholic See also:pro-See also:cathedral of St See also:Andrew's is in See also:Early See also:English style, and St Paul's Episcopal church, in Decorated See also:Gothic style, with a See also:spire 211 ft. high, from designs by Sir Gilbert Scott, was due to the zeal of See also:Bishop See also:Forbes (1817-1875), who transferred the headquarters of the see of See also:Brechin to Dundee
.
It occupies the site of the old castle
.
Memorial churches commemorate the work of Robert See also:- MURRAY
- MURRAY (or MORAY), EARLS OF
- MURRAY (or MORAY), JAMES STUART, EARL OF (c. 1531-1570)
- MURRAY (or MORAY), SIR ROBERT (c. 1600-1673)
- MURRAY, ALEXANDER STUART (1841-1904)
- MURRAY, DAVID (1849– )
- MURRAY, EUSTACE CLARE GRENVILLE (1824–1881)
- MURRAY, JAMES (c. 1719-1794)
- MURRAY, JOHN
- MURRAY, JOHN (1778–1820)
- MURRAY, LINDLEY (1745–1826)
- MURRAY, LORD GEORGE (1694–1760)
- MURRAY, SIR JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY (1837– )
- MURRAY, SIR JOHN (1841– )
Murray McCheyne (1813-1843) and of George See also:Gilfillan (1813-1878), See also:long ministers in Dundee
.
John See also:Glas (1695-1773), founder of the See also:Glasites (q.v.), ministered here from 1730 to 1733
.
Cemeteries.—The See also:ancient burying-ground in the centre of the city is called the Howff
.
It has long been closed, but contains several interesting monuments and epitaphs
.
Not far from it the New See also:Cemetery was laid out in West Bell Street; to the east of See also:Baxter Park lies the Eastern Cemetery; and the Western Cemetery was constructed in Perth Road
.
The most beautifully situated of all the burying-grounds, however, is the Western See also:Necropolis, which occupies the western portion of the hill of Balgay
.
A bridge over the See also:ravine connects it with Balgay Park
.
Public Parks and Open Spaces.—On the N. of the city rises Dundee Law (571 ft.), the See also:property of the See also:Corporation, a prominent landmark, on the See also:summit of which are traces of an old vitrified fort
.
The surrounding park covers 18 acres
.
Near the eastern boundary of the city lies Baxter Park, of 37 acres, presented to the town by Sir David Baxter (1793-1872), a leading manufacturer, and his sisters
.
It was laid out by Sir See also:Joseph See also:Paxton, and contains a statue of Sir David by Sir John Steell, erected by public subscription
.
In the west the finely wooded hill of Balgay was acquired in 1869 and 36 acres of the area were converted into a park
.
Immediately adjoining it on the north is Lochee Park, of 25 acres, given to the city in 1891 by Messrs See also:Cox See also:Brothers of Camperdown See also:Works
.
In the extreme north lies the park of See also:Fair See also:Muir, of 12 acres, which was secured in 189o, and nearer to the See also:heart of the town is Dudhope or Barrack Park, See also:purchased in 1893
.
Near the north end of the Tay bridge is Magdalen See also:Green, an old See also:common of 17 acres, and along the shore of the estuary there runs for a distance of 22 M. from Magdalen Point to beyond See also:Craig See also:Pier a See also:promenade called the Esplanade
.
See also:Education.—University See also:College in Nethergate, founded in 188o by See also:Miss Baxter of Balgavies (d
.
1884) and Dr John See also:Boyd Baxter, was opened in 1883, and united to the university of St See also:Andrews in 189o
.
The See also:affiliation was cancelled in 1895 owing to divergence of view in the governing See also:body, but this was over-come and the college finally incorporated in 1897
.
The See also:staff consists of a principal, professors and lecturers, and the curriculum, which may be taken by students of both sexes, is especially concerned with See also:medicine and natural and applied See also:science
.
The endowments exceed £250,000
.
Adjoining the buildings is the Technical Institute, built and endowed by Sir David Baxter and opened in 1888
.
In connexion with the high school, a building in the Doric style, dating from 1833, there is a museum which was endowed in 188o by Mr See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Harris
.
See also:Morgan See also:hospital, a structure in the Scots Baronial style, situated immediately to the north of Baxter Park, was founded in 1868 by John Morgan, a native of Dundee, for the See also:board and education of a See also:hundred boys, sons of indigent tradesmen, but was acquired by the school board and transformed into a secondary school
.
Besides a high school for girls and Roman Catholic and Episcopalian See also:schools, there are numerous efficient and thoroughly equipped board schools
.
Charitable Institutions.—One of the most conspicuous buildings in the city, occupying a prominent position in the centre, is the
Royal Infirmary, a fine structure in the Tudor style
.
On the See also:southern See also:face of Balgay Hill stands the Royal Victoria hospital for incurables, opened in 1889
.
In addition to the maternity hospital and nurses' See also:home, there are several institutions devoted to See also:special afflictions and diseases—among them the See also:Blind and the See also:Deaf and Dumb institutions, the Royal See also:asylum, the See also:fever hospital at King's Cross, and, in the See also:parish of Mains—beyond the municipal boundary—the Baldovan asylum for imbeciles, founded in 1854 by Sir John See also:Ogilvy and said to be the earliest of its See also:kind in Scotland, besides the smallpox and See also:cholera hospital
.
The large Dundee hospital adjoins the poorhouse, and an epidemic hospital has been built in the Fair Muir See also:district
.
One of the convalescent homes is situated at Broughty See also:Ferry
.
Among other institutions are the Royal See also:Orphan and the Wellburn Charitable institutions, the See also:- RESCUE (in Middle Eng. rescous, from O. Fr. recousse, Low Lat. rescussa, from reexcussa,reexcutere, to shake off again, re, again, ex, off, quatere, to shake)
rescue home for See also:females, the sailors' home and See also:Lady Jane Ogilvy's orphanage in Mains
.
Trade.—See also:Hector See also:Boece, in his See also:History and Croniklis of Scotland, thus quaintly writes of the manufactures of Dundee in the opening of the 16th See also:century—" Dunde, the toun quhair we wer See also:born; quhair mony virtewus and lauborius pepill ar in, making of elaith." Jute is, See also:par excellence, the See also:industry of the city
.
Enormous quantities of the raw material—estimated at 300,000 tons a See also:year—are imported directly from See also:India in a See also:fleet solely devoted to this trade, and many of the factories in See also:Bengal are owned by Dundee merchants
.
Fabrics in jute range from the roughest sacking to carpets of almost See also:Oriental beauty
.
Another See also:staple industry is the linen manufacture, which is also one of the See also:oldest, although it was not till the introduction of See also:steam See also:power that headway was made
.
Bell See also:- MILL
- MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
- MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
- MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
- MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)
Mill, erected in 18o6, was the first work of any importance, and the first power-See also:loom factory dates from 1836
.
Now factories and See also:mills are to be counted by the See also:score, and the jute, See also:hemp and See also:flax manufactures alone employ about 50,000 hands, while the value of the combined See also:annual output exceeds £6,000,000
.
Some of the works are planned on a See also:colossal scale, and many of the buildings in respect of design and equipment are among the finest and most See also:complete in the See also:world
.
In the thriving See also:quarter of Lochee are situated the Camperdown Linen Works, covering an immense area and employing more than 5000 hands
.
The See also:chimney-stalk (282 ft. high), in the style of an See also:Italian campanile, built of parti-coloured bricks with See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone cornices, is a conspicuous feature
.
The chief textile products are drills, ducks, See also:canvas (for which the British See also:navy is the largest customer), See also:ropes, sheetings, sackings and carpets
.
Dundee is also celebrated for its See also:confectionery and preserves, especially See also:marmalade
.
Among other prominent See also:industries are See also:bleaching and See also:dyeing, See also:engineering, See also:shipbuilding, tanning, the making of boots and shoes and other goods in See also:leather, foundries, breweries, See also:corn and See also:flour mills, and the construction of motor-cars
.
Shipping.—By See also:reason of its excellent docking facilities Dundee can See also:cope with a shipping trade of the largest proportions
.
On the front wharves and See also:harbour works extend for 2 m., and the docks See also:cover an area of 351 acres, made up thus—Earl See also:Grey Dock, 54 acres; King William IV
.
Dock, 64 acres; Tidal Harbour, 44 acres; Victoria Dock, tot acres; Camperdown Dock, 81 acres
.
There are, besides, graving docks, the Ferry harbour and See also:timber ponds
.
The warehouses are capacious and the ample quays equipped with steam See also:cranes and other See also:modern appliances
.
In 1898 there entered and cleared 2914 vessels of 1,390,331 tons; in 1904 the See also:numbers were 2428 vessels of 1,227,429 tons
.
At the See also:close of 1904 the registered shipping of the port was 131 vessels of 109,885 tons
.
Dundee is the seat of the See also:Arctic See also:fishery, once an important and lucrative business, but now shrunk to the most meagre dimensions in consequence of the increasing scarcity of whales and See also:seals
.
There is See also:regular communication by steamer with See also:London, See also:Hull, See also:Newcastle, See also:Liverpool and See also:Leith, besides See also:Rotterdam, See also:Hamburg and other See also:continental ports
.
Of the See also:local excursions the two See also:hours' run to Perth is the favourite summer trip
.
Local See also:Government.—Dundee returns two members to parliament
.
The city See also:council consists of the See also:lord See also:provost, bailies and councillors
.
The corporation owns the See also:gas and water supplies
(the latter See also:drawn from the See also:loch of Lintrathen, 18 m. to the N.W.) and the electric tramcars
.
History.—There appears to be some doubt as to the origin of the name of Dundee
.
It is extravagant to trace it to the Latin Donum Dei, " the See also:gift of See also:God," as some have done, or the See also:Celtic Dun Dhia, " the hill of God." More probably it is the Gaelic Dun Taw, " the fort of the Tay," of which the Latin Taodunum is a transliteration— the derivation pointing to the fact of a Pictish See also:settlement on the site
.
The earliest See also:authentic mention of the city is in a See also:deed of gift by David, earl of Huntingdon, younger See also:brother of William the See also:Lion, dated about 1200, in which it is designated as " Dunde." Shortly afterwards it was erected into a royal burgh by William the Lion
.
When See also:Edward I. visited it, however, as he did twice (in 1296 and 1303) with hostile See also:intent, he is said to have removed its See also:charter
.
Consequently Robert See also:Bruce and successive See also:kings confirmed its privileges and rights, and See also:Charles I. finally granted it its great charter
.
Dundee played a prominent See also:part in the See also:War of Scottish See also:Independence
.
Here Wallace finished his education, and here he slew See also:young See also:Selby, son of the English See also:- CONSTABLE (0. Fr. connestable, Fr. connetable, Med. Lat. comestabilis, conestabilis, constabularius, from the Lat. comes stabuli, count of the stable)
- CONSTABLE, ARCHIBALD (1774-1827)
- CONSTABLE, HENRY (1562-1613)
- CONSTABLE, JOHN (1776-1837)
- CONSTABLE, SIR MARMADUKE (c. 1455-1518)
constable, in 1291, for which deed he was outlawed
.
In that year the town See also:fell into the hands of the English, and it was whilst engaged in besieging the castle in 1297 that Wallace withdrew to fight the