See also:

• DUNFERMLINE (Gaelic, " the fort on the crooked linn ")
• DUNFERMLINE, ALEXANDER SETON, 1ST EARL OF
• DUNFERMLINE, JAMES ABERCROMBY, 1ST BARON (1776-'858)

DUNFERMLINE (Gaelic, " the fort on the crooked linn ")  , a royal, municipal and See also:

• POLICE (Fr. police, government, civil administration, a police force, Gr. sroXumeia, constitution, condition of a state, roars, city, state)

police See also:

• BURGH [BOURKE, BURKE]
• BURGH, HUBERT DE (d. 1243)

burgh of Fifeshire, See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland . Pop . (1891) 22,157; (1901) 25,250 . It is situated on high ground 3 M. from the See also:

• SHORE

shore of the See also:

• FIRTH, CHARLES HARDING (1857– )
• FIRTH, MARK (1819-1880)

Firth of Forth, with two stations on the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North See also:

• BRITISH

British railway—See also:

• LOWER

Lower See also:

• DUNFERMLINE (Gaelic, " the fort on the crooked linn ")
• DUNFERMLINE, ALEXANDER SETON, 1ST EARL OF
• DUNFERMLINE, JAMES ABERCROMBY, 1ST BARON (1776-'858)

Dunfermline 164 m., and Upper Dunfermline 194 M . N.W. of See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh, via the Forth See also:

• BRIDGE

Bridge . The See also:

• TOWN

town is intersected from north to See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south by Pittencrieff Glen, a deep, picturesque and tortuous See also:

• RAVINE

ravine, from which the town derives its name and at the bottom of which flows Lyne See also:

• BURN, RICHARD (1709-1785)

Burn . The See also:

• HISTORY

history of Dunfermline goes back to a remote See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, for the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• CELTIC

Celtic monks known as See also:

• CULDEES

Culdees had an See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment here; but its fame and prosperity date from the See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage of See also:

• MALCOLM
• MALCOLM, SIR JOHN (1769-1833)

Malcolm Canmore and his See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen See also:

• MARGARET
• MARGARET (1283–1290)
• MARGARET (1353-1412)
• MARGARET (1489–1541)
• MARGARET, ST (c. 1045–1093)
• MARGARET, ST (SANCTA MARGARITA)

Margaret, which was solemnized in the town in 1070 . The See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king then lived in a See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower on a See also:

• MOUND

mound surrounded on three sides by the glen . A fragment of this See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle still exists in Pittencrieff See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

Park, a little See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of the later See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace . Under the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of Queen Margaret in 1075 the See also:

• FOUNDATIONS

foundations were laid of the See also:

• BENEDICTINE

Benedictine priory, which was raised to the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of an See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

abbey by See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David I . See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• BRUCE
• BRUCE, ALEXANDER BALMAIN (1831-1899)
• BRUCE, JAMES (1930-1794)
• BRUCE, MICHAEL (1746-1767)

Bruce gave the town its See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter in 1322, though in his See also:

• FIFE
• FIFE (Fr. fifre; Med. Ger. Schweizerpfeiff, Feldpfeiff; Ital. ottavino)

Fife: Pictorial and See also:

• HISTORICAL

Historical (ii . 223), A .

H . See also:

• MILLAR, ANDREW (1707-1768)

Millar contends that till the confirming charter of See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James VI . (1588) all burghal privileges were granted by the abbots . In the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century Dunfermline impressed See also:

• DANIEL
• DANIEL (DANIL)
• DANIEL, BOOK
• DANIEL, GABRIEL (1649-1728)

Daniel See also:

• DEFOE, DANIEL (c. 1.659—1731)

Defoe as showing the " full perfection of decay," but it is now one of the most prosperous towns in Scotland . Its See also:

• STAPLE

staple See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry is the manufacture of table See also:

• LINEN

linen . The See also:

• WEAVING

weaving of See also:

• DAMASK

damask was introduced in 1718 by James See also:

• BLAKE, EDWARD (1833– )
• BLAKE, ROBERT (1599-1657)
• BLAKE, WILLIAM (1757-1827)

Blake, who had learned the See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret of the See also:

• PROCESS

process in the workshops at Drumsheugh near Edinburgh, to which he gained admittance by feigning See also:

• IDIOCY (from Gr. iblwrrls, in its secondary meaning of a deprived person)

idiocy; and since that date the linen See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade has advanced by leaps and See also:

• BOUNDS, BEATING THE

bounds, much of the success being due to the beautiful designs produced by the manufacturers . Among other See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries that have largely contributed to the welfare of the town are See also:

• DYEING (0. Eng. dedgian, dealt ; Mid. Eng. deyen)

dyeing and See also:

• BLEACHING

bleaching, See also:

• BRASS
• BRASS (O. Eng. braes)

brass and See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron See also:

• FOUNDING (from Lat. fundere, to pour)

founding, tanning, See also:

• MACHINE
• MACHINE (through Fr. from Lat. form machina of Gr. µnxavil)

machine-making, See also:

• BREWING

brewing and distilling, milling, rope-making and the making of See also:

• SOAP

soap and candles,while the collieries in the immediate vicinity are numerous and flourishing . The town is well supplied with public buildings . Besides the New Abbey See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church, the See also:

• UNITED

United See also:

• FREE

Free church in Queen See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

Street founded by See also:

• RALPH (d. 1122)

Ralph See also:

• ERSKINE, EBENEZER (1680-1754)
• ERSKINE, HENRY (1746-1817)
• ERSKINE, JOHN
• ERSKINE, JOHN (1721-1803)
• ERSKINE, RALPH (1685-1752)
• ERSKINE, THOMAS
• ERSKINE, THOMAS ERSKINE, 1ST BARON (1750-1823)

Erskine, and the See also:

• GILLESPIE, GEORGE (1613-1648)
• GILLESPIE, THOMAS (1708-1774)

Gillespie church, named after See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas Gillespie (1708-1774), another See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of the See also:

• SECESSION

Secession See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement, possess some historical importance . Erskine is commemorated by a statue in front of his church and a See also:

• SARCOPHAGUS (Gr. vapsorg yos, literally " flesh-eating," from vapt, flesh, ¢ayeiv, to eat)

sarcophagus over his See also:

• GRAVE

grave in the abbey See also:

• CHURCHYARD
• CHURCHYARD, THOMAS (c. 152o-16o4)

churchyard; Gillespie by a See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble tablet on the See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall above his resting-See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place within the abbey . The See also:

• CORPORATION (from Lat. corporare, to form into a body, corpus, corporis)

Corporation buildings, a blend of the Scots Baronial and See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic styles, contain busts of several Scottish sovereigns a statue of Robert See also:

• BURNS, JOHN (1858– )
• BURNS, ROBERT (1759-1796)
• BURNS, SIR GEORGE

Burns, and See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• NOEL, RODEN BERKELEY WRIOTHESLEY (1834-1894)

Noel See also:

• PATON, JOHN BROWN (1830- )
• PATON, SIR JOSEPH NOEL (1821-1901)

Paton's See also:

• PAINTING

painting of the " Spirit of See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

Religion." Other structures are the See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

County buildings, the Public, St Margaret's, See also:

• MUSIC

Music and See also:

• CARNEGIE
• CARNEGIE, ANDREW (1837– )

Carnegie halls, the last in the Tudor See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style, Carnegie public See also:

• BATHS

baths, high school (founded in 156o), school of See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science and See also:

• ART

art, and two hospitals . Several distinguished men have been associated with Dunfermline .

Robert See also:

• HENRYSON, ROBERT (c. 1425—c. 1500)

Henryson (1430-1506), the poet, was See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long one of its schoolmasters . See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• ROW, JOHN (c. 1525—1580)

Row (1568-1646), the Church historian, held the living of Carnock, 3 M. to the E., and David See also:

• FERGUSON, ADAM (1723-1816)
• FERGUSON, JAMES (1710-1776)
• FERGUSON, ROBERT (c. 1637-1714)
• FERGUSON, SIR SAMUEL (1810-1886)

Ferguson (d . 1598) who made the first collection of Scottish See also:

• PROVERBS, BOOK OF (Heb. Mishle Slzelomoh, " Proverbs of Solomon," abridged by the later Jews to Mishle; Septuagint, irapotpiai or II. EaX.; Lat. Vulg. Parabolae sal. and Liber proverbiorum)

proverbs (not published till 1641), was See also:

• PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

parish See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister; Robert See also:

• GILFILLAN, GEORGE (1813-1878)

Gilfillan (1798-1850), the poet, and Sir See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph Noel Paton (1821-1901), painter and poet—whose See also:

• FATHER

father was a designer of patterns for the damask trade—were all See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born here . See also:

• ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly)
• ANDREW, JOHN ALBION (1818-1867)

Andrew Carnegie (b . 1837), however, is in a sense the most celebrated of all her sons, as he is certainly her greatest benefactor . He gave to his See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth-place the free library and public baths, and, in 1903, the See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate of Pittencrieff Park and Glen, See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich in historical associations as well as natural See also:

• CHARM (through the Fr. from the Lat. carmen, a song)

charm, together with bonds yielding £25,000 a See also:

• YEAR

year, in See also:

• TRUST

trust for the See also:

• MAINTENANCE (Fr. maintenance, from maintenir, to maintain, support, Lat. manu tenere, to hold in the hand)

maintenance of the park, the support of a See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre for the See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of plays of the highest merit, the periodical exhibitions of See also:

• WORKS

works of art and science, the promotion of See also:

• HORTICULTURE
• HORTICULTURE (Lat. hortus, a garden)

horticulture among the working classes and the encouragement of technical See also:

• EDUCATION

education in the See also:

• DISTRICT

district . The town is governed by a See also:

• PROVOST (through O. Fr. prevost, mod. prevot, Lat. praepositus, set over, from praeponere, to place in front)

provost, bailies and See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council, and, with See also:

• STIRLING
• STIRLING, JAMES (1692-1770)
• STIRLING, JAMES HUTCHISON (182o-1909)
• STIRLING, MARY ANNE [FANNY] (1815-1895)
• STIRLING, WILLIAM ALEXANDER, (titular) EARL OF (1726—1783)
• STIRLING, WILLIAM ALEXANDER, EARL OF (c. 1567-1640)

Stirling, See also:

• CULROSS (locally pronounced Coo-rus)

Culross, See also:

• INVERKEITHING

Inverkeithing and See also:

• QUEENSFERRY

Queensferry (the Stirling See also:

• GROUP

group), combines in returning a member to See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament . Dunfermline Abbey is one of the most important remains in Scotland . Excepting See also:

• IONA

Iona it has received more of See also:

• CALEDONIA

Caledonia's royal dead than any other place in the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom . Within its precincts were buried Queen Margaret and Malcolm Canmore; their sons See also:

• EDGAR (EADGAR)
• EDGAR, or EADGAR (c. 1050-c. 1130)

Edgar and See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander I., with his queen; David I. and See also:

• DUNGARPUR

DUNGARPUR 6"9 his two queens; Malcolm IV.; Alexander III., with his first wife and their sons David and Alexander; Robert Bruce, with his queen See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth and their daughter See also:

• MATILDA (1046-1115)
• MATILDA (1102-1164)

Matilda; and Annabella See also:

• DRUMMOND, HENRY (1786-r86o)
• DRUMMOND, HENRY (1851-1897)
• DRUMMOND, THOMAS (r797-1840)
• DRUMMOND, WILLIAM (1585-1649)

Drummond, wife of Robert III. and See also:

• MOTHER

mother of James I . Bruce's See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart rests in See also:

• MELROSE

Melrose, but his bones See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie in Dunfermline Abbey, where (after the See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery of the See also:

• SKELETON

skeleton in 1818) they were reinterred with fitting pomp below the See also:

• PULPIT (from Lat. pulpitum, a staging, platform: equivalents are Fr. chaire d'eglise, Ital. pulpito, Ger. Kanzel)

pulpit of the New church . In 1891 the pulpit was moved back and a monumental brass inserted in the See also:

• FLOOR (from O. Eng. flor, a word common to many Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch vloer, and Ger. Flur, a field, in the feminine, and a floor, masculine)

floor to indicate the royal vault .

The See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb of St Margaret and Malcolm, within the ruined walls of the See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

Lady See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel, was restored and enclosed by command of Queen See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria . During the See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter of 1303 the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward I. was held in the abbey, and on his departure next year most of the buildings were burned . When the Reformers attacked the abbey church in See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 156o, they spared the See also:

• NAVE

nave, which served as the parish church till the 19th century, and now forms the See also:

• VESTIBULE (from Lat. vestibulum)

vestibule of the New church . This edifice, in the Perpendicular style, opened for public See also:

• WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

worship in 1821, occupies the site of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• CHANCEL (through O. Fr. from Lat. plur. cancelli, dim. of cancer, grating, lattice, probably connected with an Indo-European root Kar-, to bend; cf. circus, curve, &c.)

chancel and transepts, though differing in style and proportions from the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original structure . The old See also:

• BUILDING

building was a See also:

• FINE

fine example of See also:

• SIMPLE

simple and massive See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman, as the nave testifies, and has a beautiful See also:

• DOORWAY (corresponding to the Gr. Iran, Lat. porte)

doorway in its west front . Another rich Norman doorway was exposed in the south wall in 1903, when masons were cutting a site for the memorial to the soldiers who had fallen in the South See also:

• AFRICAN

African See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War . A new site was found for this See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order that the ancient and beautiful entrance might be preserved . The See also:

• VENERABLE (Lat. venerabilis, worthy of reverence, venerari, to reverence, to worship, allied to Venus, love; the Indo-Germ. root is wen-, to desire, whence Eng. " win, properly to struggle for, hence to gain)

venerable structure is maintained by the commissioners of See also:

• WOODS, LEONARD (1774-1854)
• WOODS, SIR ALBERT (1816-1904)

woods and forests, and private munificence has provided several stained-See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass windows . Of the monastery there still remains the south wall of the See also:

• REFECTORY (med. Lat. refectorium, from reficere, to refresh)

refectory, with a fine window . The palace, a favourite See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence of many of the See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings, occupying a picturesque position near the ravine, was of considerable See also:

• SIZE

size, judging from the south-west wall, which is all that is See also:

• LEFT

left of it . Here James IV., James V. and James VI. spent much of their See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, and within its walls were born three of James VI.'s See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children—See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles I., Robert and Elizabeth . After Charles I. was crowned he paid a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short visit to his birthplace, but the last royal See also:

• TENANT (from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenant of the palace was Charles II., who occupied it just before the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of Pitreavie (loth of See also:

• JULY

July 165o), which took place 3 M. to the south-west, and here also he signed the See also:

• NATIONAL

National See also:

• LEAGUE

League and See also:

• COVENANT
• COVENANT (an O. Fr. form, later convenant, from convenir, to agree, Lat. convenire)

Covenant .

See A . H . Millar's Fife: Pictorial and Historical (2 vols., 1895) and See also:

• SHERIFF

Sheriff ./Eneas See also:

• MACKAY
• MACKAY, CHARLES (1814–1889)
• MACKAY, HUGH (c. 164o-169z)
• MACKAY, JOHN WILLIAM (1831–1902)

Mackay's History of Fife and Kinross (1896f) .