See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

CHARLES See also:

• FRANCOIS (1558-1614)

FRANCOIS See also:

• CHARLES FRANCOIS DUPUIS (1742-1809)

DUPUIS (1742-1809)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French scientific writer and politician, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born of poor parents at Trye-See also:

• CHATEAU (from Lat. castellum, fortress, through O. Fr. chastel, chasteau)

Chateau, between See also:

• GISORS

Gisors and Chaumont, on the 26th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1742 . His See also:

• FATHER

father, who was a teacher, instructed him in See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics and See also:

• LAND

land-See also:

• SURVEYING

surveying . While he was engaged in measuring a See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower by a. geometrical method, the duc de la Rochefoucauld met him and was so taken by the lad's intelligence that he gave him a bursary in the See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college of See also:

• HARCOURT
• HARCOURT, SIMON HARCOURT, 1ST VISCOUNT (c. 1661-1727)
• HARCOURT, SIR WILLIAM GEORGE GRANVILLE VENABLES VERNON (1827-1904)
• HARCOURT, WILLIAM VERNON (1789-1871)

Harcourt . See also:

• DUPUIS, CHARLES FRANCOIS (1742-1809)

Dupuis made such rapid progress that, at the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of twenty-four, he was appointed See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of See also:

• RHETORIC (Gr. psroperctj TEXvq, the art of the orator)

rhetoric at the college of See also:

• LISIEUX

Lisieux, where he had previously passed as a licentiate of See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology . In his See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

hours of leisure he studied See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, and in 1770 he abandoned the clerical career and became an See also:

• ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate . Two university discourses which he delivered in Latin were printed, and laid the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of his See also:

• LITERARY

literary fame . His See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention, however, was devoted to mathematics, the See also:

• OBJECT

object of his See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early studies; and for some years he attended the astronomical lectures of See also:

• LALANDE, JOSEPH JEROME LEFRANCAIS DE (1732-1807)

Lalande, with whom he formed an intimate friendship . In 1778 he constructed a See also:

• TELEGRAPH (Gr. Tike, far, and rypaq5eiv, to write)

telegraph on the principle suggested by See also:

• GUILLAUME
• GUILLAUME, JEAN BAPTISTE CLAUDE EUGENE (1822-1905)

Guillaume See also:

• AMONTONS, GUILLAUME (1663–17o5)

Amontons (q.v.), and employed it in keeping up a See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence with his friend See also:

• JEAN

Jean Fortin in the neighbouring See also:

• VILLAGE

village of Bagneux, until the Revolution made it necessary to destroy his See also:

• MACHINE
• MACHINE (through Fr. from Lat. form machina of Gr. µnxavil)

machine to avoid suspicion . About the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time Dupuis formed his theory as to the origin of the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek months . He endeavoured to See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account for the want of any resemblance between the See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups of stars and the names by which they are known, by supposing that the See also:

• ZODIAC (o i'w&arcds rvKcXor, from d,&ov, " a little animal ")

zodiac was, for the See also:

• PEOPLE

people who invented it, a sort of See also:

• CALENDAR

calendar at once astronomical and rural, and that the figures chosen for the constellations were such as would naturally suggest the agricultural operations of the See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season . It seemed only necessary, therefore, to discover the clime and the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period in which the See also:

• CONSTELLATION (from the Lat. constellatus, studded with stars; co'n, with, and Stella, a star)

constellation of Capricorn must have arisen with the See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

sun on the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day of the summer See also:

• SOLSTICE (Lat. solstitium, from sal, sun, and sistere, to stand still)

solstice, and the vernal See also:

• EQUINOX (from the Lat. aequus, equal, and nox, night)

equinox must have occurred under See also:

• LIBRA (" THE BALANCE ")

Libra . It appeared to Dupuis that this clime was Upper See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt, and that the perfect correspondence between the signs and their significations had existed in that See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country at a period of between fifteen and sixteen thousand years before the See also:

• PRESENT

present time; that it had existed only there; and that this See also:

• HARMONY (Gr. dpµovia, a concord of musical sounds, dpA'ew to join; &plan midi (sc. TeXvil)

harmony had been disturbed by the effect of the precession of the equinoxes .

He therefore ascribed the invention of the signs of the zodiac to the people who then inhabited Upper Egypt or See also:

• ETHIOPIA, or AETHIOPIA (Gr. AlOtoaia)

Ethiopia . This was the basis on which Dupuis established his mythological See also:

• SYSTEM

system, and endeavoured to explain fabulous See also:

• HISTORY

history and the whole system of the theogony and theology of the ancients . Dupuis published several detached parts of his system in the See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal See also:

• DES

des savants for 1777 and 1781 . These he afterwards collected and published, first in Lalande's See also:

• ASTRONOMY (from Gr. &arpov, a star, and v ,usiv, to classify or arrange)

Astronomy, and then in a See also:

• SEPARATE

separate See also:

• VOLUME

volume in 4to, 1781, under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of Memoire sur l'origine des constellations et sur l'explication de la See also:

• FABLE (Fr. fable, Lat. fabula)

fable See also:

• PAR (Lat. par, equal)

par l'astronomie . The theory propounded in this memoir was refuted by J . S . See also:

• BAILLY, JEAN SYLVAIN (1736-1793)

Bailly in his Histoire de l'astronomie, but, at the same time, with a just See also:

• ACKNOWLEDGMENT (from the old acknow, a compound of on- and know, to know by the senses, which passed through the forms oknow, aknow and acknow; acknowledge is formed on analogy of " knowledge ")

acknowledgment of, the erudition and ingenuity exhibited by the author . See also:

• CONDORCET, MARIE JEAN ANTOINE NICOLAS CARITAT, MARQUIS DE (1743-1794)

Condorcet proposed Dupuis to See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick the See also:

• GREAT

Great of See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia as a See also:

• FIT

fit See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person to succeed Thiebault in the professorship of literature at See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin; and Dupuis had accepted the invitation„ when the See also:

• DEATH

death of the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king cancelled the engagement . The See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair, of humanity in the College of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France having at the same time become vacant, it was conferred on Dupuis; and in 1788 he became a member of the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy of See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

Inscriptions . He now resigned his professorship at Lisieux, and was appointed by the administrators of the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris one of the four commissioners of public instruction . At the outbreak of the Revolutionary troubles Dupuis sought safety at See also:

• EVREUX

Evreux; and, having been chosen a member of the See also:

• NATIONAL

National See also:

• CONVENTION (Lat. conventio, an assembly or agreement, from convenire, to come together)
• CONVENTION, THE NATIONAL

Convention by the department of See also:

• SEINE
• SEINE (Lat. Sequana)
• SEINE, or SEAN (O. Fr. seigne, mod. seine, Lat. sagena, Gr. vaytivrl, a draw-net)

Seine-et-See also:

• OISE

Oise, he distinguished himself by his moderation . In the third See also:

• YEAR

year of the See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

republic he was elected secretary to the See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

Assembly, and in the See also:

• FOURTH

fourth he was chosen amember of the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

Council of Five See also:

• HUNDRED

Hundred .

After See also:

• BONAPARTE

Bonaparte's coupd'etat of the 18th See also:

• BRUMAIRE

Brumaire he was elected by the department of Seine-et-Oise a member of the Legislative See also:

• BODY

Body, of which he became the See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president . He was proposed as a See also:

• CANDIDATE

candidate for the See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate, but resolved to abandon politics, devoting himself during the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of his See also:

• LIFE

life to his favourite studies . In 1795 he published the See also:

• WORK

work by which,he is best known, en-titled Origine de toes See also:

• LES

les cultes, ou la See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion universe/le (3 vols . 4to, with an See also:

• ATLAS

atlas, or 12 vols . 12mo) . This work, of which an edition revised by P . R . Auguis was published in 1822 (loth ed., 1835-1836), became the subject of much See also:

• BITTER, KARL THEODORE FRANCIS (1867– )

bitter controversy, and the theory it propounded as to the origin of See also:

• MYTHOLOGY

mythology in Upper Egypt led to the expedition organized by See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon for the exploration of that country . In 1798 Dupuis published an abridgment of his work in one volume 8vo, which met with no better success than the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original . Another abridgment of the same work, executed upon a much more methodical See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan, was published by M. de See also:

• TRACY, ANTOINE LOUIS CLAUDE DESTUTT, COMTE
• TRACY, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1830– )

Tracy . The other See also:

• WORKS

works of Dupuis consist of two See also:

• MEMOIRS

memoirs on the Pelasgi, inserted in the Memoirs of the See also:

• INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

Institute; a memoir " On the Zodiac of Tentyra," published in the Revue philosophique for May 18o6; and a Memoire explicatif du zodiaque chronologique et mythologique, published the same year, • in one volume 4to .