DURHAM  , a

city and the county-seat of Durham county, North Carolina, U.S.A., in a township of the same name, 25 M . N.W. of Raleigh . Pop . (1900) 6679, of whom 2241 were negroes; (1910) 18,241; of the township (1900) 19,055; (1910) 27,606 . Adjacent to the city and also in the township are East Durham and West Durham (both unincorporated), which industrially are virtually part of the city . Durham is served by the Southern, the Seaboard Air Line, the Norfolk & Western, and the Durham & Southern railways, the last a short line connecting at Apex and Dunn, N . C., respectively with the main line of the Seaboard and the Atlantic Coast Line railways . Durham is nearly surrounded by hills . Its streets are shaded by elms . The city-DURIAN is the seat of Trinity College (Methodist Episcopal, South), opened in 1851 as a normal college, growing out of an academy called Union Institute, which was established in the north-western part of Randolph county in 1838 and was incorporated in 1841 . In 1852 the college was empowered to grant degrees; in 1856 it became the property of the North Carolina Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South; in 1859 it received its present name; and in 1892 it was removed to a park near Durham, included in 1901 in the corporate limits of the city . A new charter was adopted in 1903, and a law school was organized in 1904 .

The college has received many gifts from the

Duke family of Durham . In 1908 its endowment and property were valued at about $1,198,400, and the number of its students was 288 . Although not officially connected with the college, the South Atlantic Quarterly, founded by a patriotic society of the college and published at Durham since 1902, is controlled and edited by members of the college faculty . The North Carolina Journal of Education and the Papers of the Trinity College Historical Society also are edited by members of the college faculty . The Trinity Park school is preparatory for the college . Near the city are Watts hospital (for whites) and Lincoln hospital (for negroes) . Durham's chief economic interest is in the manufacture of granulated smoking tobacco, for which it became noted after the Civil War . In the city are two large factories and store houses of the American Tobacco Company . The tobacco industry was founded by W . T . Blackwell (1839–1904) and Washington Duke (182o-1005) . The city also manufactures cigars, cigarettes, snuff, a fertilizer having tobacco dust as the base, cotton goods, lumber, window sashes, blinds, drugs and hosiery .

Durham has a large

trade with the surrounding region . The town of Durham was incorporated in 1869, and became the county-seat of the newly-erected county in 1881, and in 1899 was chartered as a city . Its growth is due to the tobacco and cotton industries . In the Bennett house, at Durham Station, near the city, General J . E . Johnston surrendered on the 26th of April 1865 the Confederate army under his command to General W . T . Sherman .