DVINSK  , the See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official name since 1893 of DuNABURG, a See also:

• TOWN

town and fortress of western See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia, in the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of See also:

• VITEBSK

Vitebsk, 162 m. by See also:

• RAIL

rail N.W. of the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of Vitebsk, on the right See also:

• BANK

bank of the See also:

• DVINA

Dvina (Duna), in 550 53' N. and 26° 23' E., and at the intersection of two See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main railway lines—See also:

• RIGA (Esth. Ria-Lin)

Riga–See also:

• SMOLENSK

Smolensk and See also:

• VILNA, or WILN0
• VILNA, or WILNO

Vilna–St See also:

• PETERS (or PETER), HUGH (1598–166o)
• PETERS, KARL (1856– )

Peters-See also:

• BURG

burg . It is the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief strategic position for the See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of the Dvina . It consists of four portions—the main town, or fortress, the old suburb, the new suburb, and on the See also:

• LEFT

left bank of the See also:

• RIVER

river the See also:

• VILLAGE

village of Griva . Among the See also:

• INDUSTRIAL

industrial establishments are tanneries and breweries, saw-See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills, See also:

• FLOUR

flour-mills, See also:

• BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

brick and See also:

• TILE (0. Eng. tigel, Fr. tuile, connected with Lat. tegula)

tile See also:

• WORKS

works and limekilns . The town is an important commercial centre, especially for See also:

• FLAX

flax, See also:

• HEMP (in O. Eng. henep, cf. Dutch hennep, Ger. Hanf , cognate with Gr. Kavval3er, Lat. cannabis)

hemp, See also:

• TALLOW (M.E. talugh, talg, cf. Du. talk, L. Ger. talg ; the connexion with O.E. taelg, dye, or Goth, tulgus, firm, is doubtful)

tallow and See also:

• TIMBER

timber . The See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population increased from 25,764 in 186o to 72,231 in 1900, consisting chiefly of See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews (about 30,000), See also:

• LITHUANIANS

Lithuanians and Letts . Dunaburg was originally founded in 1278 by the Livonian Knights of the See also:

• SWORD (0. Eng. sweord; ultimately from an Indo-European root meaning to wound)

Sword, about 12 M. farther down the river than its See also:

• PRESENT

present site, at a spot still known as the Old See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle or Stariy Zamok . In 1559 it was mortgaged by the See also:

• GRAND

grand-See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of the Knights to See also:

• SIGISMUND (1368-1437)

Sigismund See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus, See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• POLAND (Polish Polska, Ger. Polen), (see POLAND, RUSSIAN, below)
• POLAND, RUSSIAN

Poland . Although captured in 1576 by See also:

• IVAN (JOHN)

Ivan the Terrible of Russia, it was again restored to Poland; and in 1582 See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen Bathori, king of Poland, transferred the fortress to its present site . In the 17th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century it was held alternately by the Swedes and the Russians . It was finally incorporated with Russia in 1772 011 the first See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of Poland . In See also:

• JULY

July 1812 the fete-de-See also:

• PONT (or KYLPONT), ROBERT (1524–1606)

pont was vainly stormed by the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French under See also:

• OUDINOT, CHARLES NICOLAS (1767-1847)

Oudinot, but a few See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks afterwards the town was captured by them under See also:

• MACDONALD, FLORA (1722—1790)
• MACDONALD, GEORGE (1824-1905)
• MACDONALD, JACQUES ETIENNE JOSEPH
• MACDONALD, JOHN SANDFIELD (1812-1872)
• MACDONALD, LAWRENCE (1799-1878)
• MACDONALD, SIR HECTOR ARCHIBALD (1852-1903)
• MACDONALD, SIR JOHN ALEXANDER (1815-1891)

Macdonald .