See also:

• EAGLE (Fr. aigle, from the Lat. aquila)

EAGLE (Fr. aigle, from the See also:

• LAT

Lat. See also:

• AQUILA
• AQUILA ('AxdXas), (1)
• AQUILA, CASPAR [KASPAR ADLER] (1488-1560)
• AQUILA, SERAFINO

aquila)  , the name generally given to the larger diurnal birds of See also:

• PREY (0. Fr. preie, mod. proie, Lat. praeda, booty, from prae and the root hed—seen in prehendere, prendere, to grasp)

prey which are not vultures; but the limits of the subfamily A quilinae have been very variously assigned by different writers on systematic See also:

• ORNITHOLOGY

ornithology, and there are eagles smaller than certain buzzards . By some authorities the Laemmergeier of the See also:

• ALPS

Alps, and other high mountains of •See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa and See also:

• ASIA

Asia, is accounted an See also:

• EAGLE (Fr. aigle, from the Lat. aquila)

eagle, but by others the genus Gypaetus is placed with the Vulturidae as its 790 See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• ENGLISH

English name (bearded See also:

• VULTURE

vulture) shows . There are also other forms, such as the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• AMERICAN

American Harpyia and its See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies, which though generally called eagles have been ranked as buzzards . In the See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence of any truly scientific See also:

• DEFINITION (Lat. definitio, from de-finire, to set limits to, describe)

definition of the See also:

• FAMILY

family Aquilinae it is best to leave these and many other more or less questionable members of the See also:

• GROUP

group—such as the genera Spizaetus, Circaetus, Spilornis, Helotarsus, and so forth—and to treat here of those whose position cannot be gainsaid . True eagles inhabit all the regions of the See also:

• WORLD

world, and some seven or eight See also:

• SPECIES

species at least are found in Europe, of which two are See also:

• RESIDENT

resident in the See also:

• BRITISH

British Islands . In See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England and in the Lowlands of See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland eagles only exist as stragglers; but in the See also:

• HEBRIDES, THE, or WESTERN ISLES

Hebrides and some parts of the See also:

• HIGHLANDS, THE

Highlands a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good many may yet be found, and their See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers appear to have rather increased of See also:

• LATE

late years than diminished; for the foresters and shepherds, finding that a high See also:

• PRICE
• PRICE, BARTHOLOMEW (1818–1898)
• PRICE, BONAMY (1807-1888)
• PRICE, RICHARD (1723-1791)

price can be got for their eggs, take care to protect the owners of the eyries, which are nearly all well known, and to keep up the stock by allowing them at times to See also:

• REAR

rear their See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young . There are also now not a few occupiers of Scottish forests who interfere so far as they can to protect the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of birds.' In See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland the extirpation of eagles seems to have been carried on almost unaffected by the prudent considerations which in the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom have operated so favourably for the See also:

• RACE

race, and except in the wildest parts of See also:

• DONEGAL

Donegal, See also:

• MAYO
• MAYO, RICHARD SOUTHWELL BOURKE, 6TH EARL OF (1822-1872)

Mayo and See also:

• KERRY

Kerry, eagles in the See also:

• SISTER

sister See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island are almost birds of the pest . Of the two British species the See also:

• ERNE

erne (Icel . (Ern) or See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-eagle (by some called also the See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white-tailed and cinereous eagle)—Haliaetus albicilla—affects chiefly the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast and neighbourhood of inland See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters, living in See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• PART

part on the See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish and refuse that is thrown up on the See also:

• SHORE

shore, though it not unfrequently takes living prey, such as See also:

• LAMBS

lambs, See also:

• HARES

hares and rabbits . On these last, indeed, young examples mostly feed when they wander southward in See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• BREADALBANE
• BREADALBANE, JOHN CAMPBELL, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1636-1717)

Breadalbane (d . 1871) was perhaps the first large landowner who set the example that has been since followed by others . On his unrivalled See also:

• FOREST

forest of See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black See also:

• MOUNT, WILLIAM SIDNEY (1807-1868)

Mount, eagles—elsewhere persecuted to the See also:

• DEATH

death—were by him ordered to be unmolested so See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long as they were not numerous enough to cause considerable depredations on the farmers' flocks .

He thought that the spectacle of a soaring eagle was a fitting See also:

• ADJUNCT (from Lat. ad, to, and jungere, to join)

adjunct to the grandeur of his See also:

• ARGYLLSHIRE

Argyllshire See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain scenery, and a good See also:

• EQUIVALENT

equivalent for the occasional loss of a See also:

• LAMB (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Lamm)
• LAMB, CHARLES (1775–1834)

lamb, or the slight See also:

• DEDUCTION (from Lat. deducere, to take or lead from or out of, derive)

deduction from the See also:

• RENT

rent paid by his tenantry in consequence.autumn, as they yearly do, and appear in England . The adults (fig . 1) are distinguished by their prevalent greyish-See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour, their See also:

• PALE (through Fr. pal, from Lat. palms, a stake, for paglus, from the stem pag- of pangere, to fix; " pole " is from the same original source)

pale See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head, yellow See also:

• BEAK (early forms beke and becke, from Fr. bec, late Lat. beccus, supposed to be a Gaulish word; the Celtic bec and beq, however, are taken from the English)

beak and white tail—characters, however, wanting in the immature, which do not assume the perfect plumage for some three or four years . The eyry is commonly placed in a high cliff or on an island in a See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

lake—sometimes on the ground, at others in a See also:

• TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
• TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )

tree—and consists of a vast See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass of sticks in the midst of which is formed a hollow lined with Luzula sylvatica (as first observed by See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Wolley) or some similar grass, and here are laid the two or three white eggs . In former days the sea-eagle seems to have bred in several parts of England —as the Lake See also:

• DISTRICT

district, and possibly even in the Isle of See also:

• WIGHT, ISLE OF

Wight and on See also:

• DARTMOOR

Dartmoor . This species inhabits all the northern part of the Old World from See also:

• ICELAND (Dan. Island)

Iceland to See also:

• KAMCHATKA

Kamchatka, and breeds in Europe so far to the southward as See also:

• ALBANIA

Albania . In the New World, however, it is only found in See also:

• GREENLAND (Danish, &c., Gronland)

Greenland, being elsewhere replaced by the white-headed or bald eagle, H. leucocephalus, a See also:

• BIRD

bird of similar habits, and the chosen See also:

• EMBLEM (Gr. Eµ3Xysa, something put in or inserted, from EµfiiXAew, to throw in)

emblem of the See also:

• UNITED

United States of See also:

• AMERICA

America . In the far See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of Asia occurs a still larger and finer sea-eagle, H. pelagicus, remarkable for its white thighs and upper wing-coverts . South-eastern Europe and See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India furnish a much smaller species, H. leucory phus,which has its representative, H. leucogaster, in the See also:

• MALAY

Malay See also:

• ARCHIPELAGO

Archipelago and See also:

• AUSTRALIA

Australia, and, as allies in South Africa and See also:

• MADAGASCAR

Madagascar,H. vocifer and H.vociferoides respectively . All these eagles may be distinguished by their scaly tarsi, while the group next to be treated of have the tarsi feathered to the toes . The See also:

• GOLDEN

golden or mountain eagle, See also:

• AQUILA
• AQUILA ('AxdXas), (1)
• AQUILA, CASPAR [KASPAR ADLER] (1488-1560)
• AQUILA, SERAFINO

Aquila chrysaetus, is the second British species . This also formerly inhabited England, and a See also:

• NEST

nest, found in 1668 in the See also:

• PEAK, THE

Peak of See also:

• DERBYSHIRE

Derbyshire, is well described by See also:

• WILLUGHBY, FRANCIS (1635—1672)

Willughby, in whose See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time it was said to breed also in the See also:

• SNOWDON (Wyddfa, view-place, Eryri, eagle-place)

Snowdon range .

It seldom if ever frequents the coast, and is more active on the wing than the sea-eagle, being able to take some birds as they See also:

• FLY (formed on the root of the supposed original Tent. fleugan, to fly)

fly, but a large part of its sustenance is the flesh of animals that See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die a natural death . Its eyry is generally placed and built like that of the other British species,2 but the neighbourhood of 2 As already stated, the site chosen varies greatly . Occasionally placed in a See also:

• NICHE (through Fr. niche from Ital. nicchia, nicchio, shell; possibly from Lat. mitulus, a sea-mussel; cf. " napkin " from mappa)

niche in what passes for a perpendicular cliff to which See also:

• ACCESS (Lat. accessus)

access could only be gained by a skilful cragsman with a rope, the writer has known a nest to within 10 or 15 yds. of which he rode or. a See also:

• PONY
• PONY (from the Lowland Scots powney, probably from 0. Fr. pouleriet, diminutive of poulain, a colt or foal; Late Lat. pullanus, Lat. pullus, a young animal)

pony . Two beautiful views of as many golden eagles' nests, See also:

• DRAWN

drawn on the spot by See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph See also:

• WOLF
• WOLF (Canis lupus)
• WOLF, FRIEDRICH AUGUST (1759-1824)
• WOLF, HUGO (1860-1903)
• WOLF, JOSEPH (1820-1899)

Wolf, are given in the Ootheca Wolleyana, and a See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of eggs is also figured in the same See also:

• WORK

work . See also:

• WATER

water is not requisite . The eggs, from two to four in number, vary from a pure white to a mottled, and often highly coloured, See also:

• SURFACE

surface, on which appear different shades of red and See also:

• PURPLE

purple . The adult bird (fig . 2) is of a See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich dark brown, with the elongated feathers of the See also:

• NECK (O. Eng. hnecca; the word appears in many Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch ride, Ger. Nacken; in O. E. the common word was heals; cf. Ger. Hals)

neck, especially on the nape, See also:

• LIGHT

light tawny, in which See also:

• IMAGINATION

imagination See also:

• SEES

sees a " golden " See also:

• HUE

hue, and the tail marbled with brown and ashy-See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

grey . In the young the tail is white at the See also:

• BASE

base, and the neck has scarcely any tawny tint . The golden eagle does not occur in Iceland, but occupies suitable situations over the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of the Palaearctic Region and a considerable portion of the Nearctic—though the American bird has been, by some, considered a distinct species . Domesticated, it has many times been trained to take prey for its See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master in Europe, and to this species is thought to belong an eagle habitually used by the See also:

• KIRGHIZ

Kirghiz See also:

• TATARS (the common form Tartars is less correct)

Tatars, who See also:

• CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call it Bergut or Bearcoot, for the See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of antelopes, foxes and wolves . It is carried hooded on See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse-back or on a See also:

• PERCH (through Fr. from Lat. perca, Gr. 7rEpKo; the last word is connected with 2repev6r, dark-coloured, spotted)
• PERCH (through Fr. perche from Lat. pertica, a pole or rod used for measurement)

perch between two men, and released when the See also:

• QUARRY

quarry is in sight .

Such a bird, when well trained, is valued, says P . S . See also:

• PALLAS, PETER SIMON (1741–1811)

Pallas, at the price of two camels . It is quite possible, however, that more than one See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of eagle is thus used, and the services of A. heliaca (which is the imperial eagle of some writers 1) and of A. mogilnik—both of which are found in central Asia, as well as in south-eastern Europe—may also be employed . A smaller See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of eagle, which has usually gone under the name of A. naevia, is now thought by the best authorities to include three See also:

• LOCAL

local races, or, in the eyes of some, species . They inhabit Europe, North Africa and western Asia to India, and two examples of one of them—A. clanga, the form which is somewhat plentiful in north-eastern See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany—have occurred in See also:

• CORNWALL

Cornwall . The smallest true eagle is A. pennata, which inhabits See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern Europe, Africa and India . Differing from other eagles of their genus by its See also:

• WEDGE (O. Eng. wecg, a mass of metal, cognate with Dutch wig, wigge, Dan. vaegge, &c.; in Lith. the cognate form outside Teut. is found in wagis, a peg, spigot; there is no connexion with " weigh," " weight," which must be referred to the root wegh, to li

wedge-shaped tail, though otherwise greatly resembling them, is the A audax of Australia . Lastly may be noticed here a small group of eagles, characterized by their long legs, forming the genus Nisaetus, of which one species, N. fasciatus, is found in Europe . (A .