EAU DE See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

COLOGNE (Ger. Kolnisches Wasser, "Cologne See also:

• WATER

water ")  , a perfume, so named from the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne, where its manufacture was first established by a.n See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian, Johann (or Giovanni) Maria See also:

• FARINA, SALVATORE (1846– )

Farina (1685-1766), who settled at Cologne in 1709 . The perfume gained a high reputation by 1766, and Farina associated himself with his See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew, to whose See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson the See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret was ultimately imparted; the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original perfume is still manufactured by members of this See also:

• FAMILY

family under the name of the founder . The manufacture is, however, carried on at Cologne, and also in See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, by other firms bearing the name Farina, and the See also:

• SCENT

scent has become See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• REGULAR

regular output of perfumers . The See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery has also been ascribed to a See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul de Feminis, who is supposed to have brought his See also:

• RECIPE

recipe from See also:

• MILAN
• MILAN (Ital. Milano, Ger. Mailand, anc. Mediolanum, q.v.)

Milan to Cologne, of which he became a See also:

• CITIZEN (a form corrupted in Eng., apparently by analogy with " denizen," from O. Fr. citeain, mod. Fr. citoyen)

citizen in 169o, and sold the perfume under the name Eau admirable, leaving the secret at his See also:

• DEATH

death to his nephew Johann Maria Farina . Certain of the Farinas claim to use his See also:

• PROCESS

process . It was originally prepared by making an alcoholic infusion of certain See also:

• FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

flowers, pot-herbs, drugs and spices, distilling and then adding definite quantities of several See also:

• VEGETABLE

vegetable essences . The purity and thorough blending of the ingredients are of the greatest importance . The original perfume is simulated and even excelled by artificial preparations . The See also:

• OILS (adopted from the Fr. oile, mod. huile, Lat. oleum, olive oil)

oils of See also:

• LEMON
• LEMON, MARK (1809-1870)

lemon, See also:

• BERGAMOT, OIL OF

bergamot and See also:

• ORANGE
• ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)
• ORANGE, HOUSE OF

orange are employed, together with the oils of neroli and See also:

• ROSEMARY

rosemary in the better class . The See also:

• COMMON

common practice consists in dissolving the oils, in certain definite proportions based on experience, in pure See also:

• ALCOHOL

alcohol and distilling, the distillate being diluted by See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose-See also:

• WATER

water . EAUX-BONNES, a watering-See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-western See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, in the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of Basses-See also:

• PYRENEES [Span. Pirineos, Fr. Pyrenees]

Pyrenees, 31 M . S.E. of the small See also:

• TOWN

town of Laruns, the latter being 24 M .

S. of See also:

• PAU

Pau by See also:

• RAIL

rail . Pop . (1906) 61o . Eaux-Bonnes is situated at a height of 2460 ft. at the entrance of a See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• GORGE

gorge, overlooking the confluence of two torrents, the Valentin and the Sourde . The See also:

• VILLAGE

village is well known for its sulphurous and saline See also:

• MINERAL

mineral See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters (first mentioned in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the 14th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century), which are beneficial in affections of the See also:

• THROAT (O. Eng. protu, prote or }Prota, possibly from preotan, to press, whence threat, or, with loss of initial s, connected with strut, to swell)

throat and lungs . They vary between 5o° and 9o° F. in temperature, and are used for drinking and bathing . There are two thermal establishments, a See also:

• CASINO (diminutive of casa, a house)

casino and fine promenades . The watering-place of See also:

• LES

LES EAUX-CHAUDES is 5 M. by road south-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of Eaux-Bonnes, in a See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild gorge on the Gave d'Ossau . The springs are sulphurous, varying in temperature from 52° to 97° F., and are used in cases of See also:

• RHEUMATISM (from Gr. /56µa, flux)

rheumatism, certain maladies of See also:

• WOMEN

women, &c . The thermal See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment is a handsome See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble See also:

• BUILDING

building . There is fine See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain scenery in the neighbourhood of both places, the Pic de Ger near Eaux-Bonnes, commanding an extensive view . The valley of Ossau, one of the most beautiful in the Pyrenees, before the Revolution formed a community which, though dependent on Warn, had its own legal organization, See also:

• MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners and costumes, the last of which are still to be seen on holidays .