See also:

• EBIONITES (Heb. ei3'; t, " poor men ")

EBIONITES (Heb. ei3'; t, " poor men ")  , a name given to the ultra-Jewish party in the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church . It is first met with in See also:

• IRENAEUS

Irenaeus (Adv . Haer . 26 . 2), who sheds no See also:

• LIGHT

light on the origin of the See also:

• EBIONITES (Heb. ei3'; t, " poor men ")

Ebionites, but says that while they admit the See also:

• WORLD

world to have been made by the true See also:

• GOD

God (in contrast to the See also:

• DEMIURGE (Gr. S'quovpyos, from Si7µeos, of or for the people, and Epyov, work)

Demiurge of the Gnostics), they held Cerinthian views on the See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person of See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ, used only the See also:

• GOSPEL (O. Eng. godspel, i.e. good news, a translation of Lat. bona annuntiatio, or evangelium, Gr. evayyeXwv; cf. Goth. iu spillon, " to announce good news," Ulfilas' translation of the Greek, from iu, that which is good, and spellon to announce)

Gospel of See also:

• MATTHEW, GOSPEL OF ST
• MATTHEW, ST (MaOOaior or MarOaIos, probably a shortened form of the Hebrew equivalent to Theodorus)
• MATTHEW, TOBIAS

Matthew (probably the Gospel according to the See also:

• HEBREWS, EPISTLE TO THE

Hebrews—so See also:

• EUSEBIUS
• EUSEBIUS (Gr. EuOi/3tos, from ebaegils, pious, cf. the Latin name Pius)
• EUSEBIUS [OF CAESAREA] (c. 260-c. 340)
• EUSEBIUS [OF EMESA] (d. c. "36o)

Eusebius), and rejected See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul as an apostate from the See also:

• MOSAIC (corresponding to Lat. opus musivum, from Gr. µovoeiov, an artificial grotto often decorated with mosaics; the word is only found in the sense of mosaic in late Greek, which generally uses k oXI yrlµa)

Mosaic See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

Law, to the customs and ordinances of which, including See also:

• CIRCUMCISION (Lat. circum, round, and caedere, to cut)

circumcision, they steadily adhered . A similar See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account is given by See also:

• HIPPOLYTUS
• HIPPOLYTUS, THE CANONS OF

Hippolytus (Haer. vii . 35), who invents a founder named Ebion . See also:

• ORIGEN (c. 185-c. 254)

Origen (Contra Celsum, v . 61; In Matt. torn. xvi . 12) divides the Ebionites into two classes according to their See also:

• ACCEPTANCE (Lat. acceptare, frequentative form of accipere, to receive)

acceptance or rejection of the virgin See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth of Jesus, but says that all alike reject the Pauline epistles . This is confirmed by Eusebius, who adds that even those who admitted the virgin birth did not accept the pre-existence of Jesus as See also:

• LOGOS (X4os)

Logos and See also:

• SOPHIA (1630-1714)

Sophia . They kept both the Jewish See also:

• SABBATH

Sabbath and the Christian See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord's See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, and held extreme millenarian ideas in which See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem figured as the centre of the coming Messianic See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom .

See also:

• EPIPHANIUS, SAINT (c. 315-402)

Epiphanius with his customary confusion makes two See also:

• SEPARATE

separate sects, Ebionites and See also:

• NAZARENES (Nag'copaiot)

Nazarenes . Both names, however, refer to the same See also:

• PEOPLE

people' . (the Jewish Christians of See also:

• SYRIA

Syria), the latter going back to the designation of apostolic times (Acts See also:

• XXIV

xxiv . 5), and the former being the See also:

• TERM

term usually applied to them in the ecclesiastical literature of the 2nd and 3rd centuries . The origin of the Nazarenes or Ebionites as a distinct See also:

• SECT

sect is very obscure, but may be dated with much likelihood from the See also:

• EDICT (Lat. edictum, from e, out, and dicere, to say, speak)

edict of See also:

• HADRIAN (PUBLICS AELIUS HADRIANUS)

Hadrian which in 135 finally scattered the old church of Jerusalem . While Christians of the type of See also:

• ARISTO

Aristo of See also:

• PELLA

Pella and See also:

• HEGESIPPUS
• HEGESIPPUS (fl. A.D. 150-180)

Hegesippus, on the snapping of the old ties, were gradually assimilated to the See also:

• GREAT

great church outside, the more conservative See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section became more and more isolated and exclusive . " It may have been then that they called themselves the Poor Men, probably as claiming to be the true representatives of those who had been blessed in the See also:

• SERMON (Lat. sermo, a discourse)

Sermon on the See also:

• MOUNT, WILLIAM SIDNEY (1807-1868)

Mount, but possibly adding to the name other associations." Out of See also:

• TOUCH (derived through Fr. toucher from a common Teutonic and Indo-Germanic root, cf. " tug," " tuck," O. H. Ger. zucchen, to twitch or draw)

touch with the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main stream of the church they See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed a new See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of pharisaism . Doctrinally they stood not so much for a See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology as for a refusal of theology, and, rejecting the See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical liberalism of Paul, became the natural heirs of those early Judaizers who had caused the apostle so much annoyance and trouble . Though there is insufficient See also:

• JUSTIFICATION

justification for dividing the Ebionites into two separate and distinct communities, labelled respectively Ebionites and Nazarenes, we have See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence, not only that there were grades of Christological thought among them, but that a considerable section, at the end of the 2nd See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century and the beginning of the 3rd, exchanged their See also:

• SIMPLE

simple Judaistic creed for a See also:

• STRANGE, SIR ROBERT (1721-1792)

strange blend of Essenism and See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity . These are known as the Helxaites or Elchasaites, for they accepted as a, See also:

• REVELATION, BOOK OF

revelation the " See also:

• BOOK

book of Elchasai," and one See also:

• ALCIBIADES (c. 450-404 B.c.)

Alcibiades of See also:

• APAMEA

Apamea undertook a See also:

• MISSION

mission to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome about 220 to propagate its teaching . It was claimed that Christ, as an See also:

• ANGEL

angel 96 See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles high, accompanied by the See also:

• HOLY

Holy Spirit, as a See also:

• FEMALE

female angel of the same stature, had given the revelation to Elchasai in the 3rd See also:

• YEAR

year of See also:

• TRAJAN [MARCUS ULPIUS TRAJANUS] (A. D. 53-117)

Trajan (A.D . 100), but the book was probably quite new in Alcibiades' See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time .

It taught that Christ was an angel See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born of human parents, and had appeared both before (e.g. in See also:

• ADAM
• ADAM (or ADAN) DE LE HALE (died c. 1288)
• ADAM, ALEXANDER (1741–1809)
• ADAM, JULIETTE (1836– )
• ADAM, LAMBERT SIGISBERT (1700-1759)
• ADAM, MELCHIOR (d. 1622)
• ADAM, PAUL (1862– )
• ADAM, ROBERT (1728—1792)
• ADAM, SIR FREDERICK (1781-1853)
• ADAM, WILLIAM (1751-1839)

Adam and See also:

• MOSES (Gr. Mwvo c, Mcoo-i3s)
• MOSES, ASSUMPTION OF

Moses) and after this birth in Judea . His coming did not annul the Law, for he was merely a See also:

• PROPHET (Irpo4i ri7s)

prophet and teacher; Paul was wrong and circumcision still necessary . See also:

• BAPTISM

Baptism must be repeated as a means of See also:

• PURIFICATION

purification from See also:

• SIN
• SIN (O. Eng. syn: a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zonde, Ger. Siinde)

sin, and See also:

• PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof against disease; the sinner immerses himself " in the name of the mighty ' . So A . See also:

• HARNACK, ADOLF (1851– )

Harnack, Hist. of See also:

• DOGMA (Gr. Sbypa, from b6aeiv, to seem; literally " that which seems, sc. good or true or useful " to any one)

Dogma, i . 301, and F . J . A . See also:

• HORT, FENTON JOHN ANTHONY (1828–1892)

Hort, Judaistic Christianity, p . 199 . Th . Zahn and J .

B . See also:

• LIGHTFOOT, JOHN (1602-1675)
• LIGHTFOOT, JOSEPH BARBER (1828-1889)

Lightfoot (" St . Paul and the Three," in Commentary on See also:

• GALATIANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Galatians) maintain the distinction . and most high God," invoking the " seven witnesses " (See also:

• SKY (M. Eng. skie, cloud; O. Eng. skua, shade; connected with an Indo-European root sku, cover, whence " scum," Lat. obscurus, dark, &c.)

sky, See also:

• WATER

water, the holy See also:

• SPIRITS

spirits, the angels of See also:

• PRAYER (from Lat. precari, entreat; Ital. pregaria, Fr. priere)
• PRAYER, BOOK OF COMMON

prayer, oil, See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt and See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth), and pledging himself to See also:

• AMENDMENT (through the O. Fr. amender, to correct, from Lat. mendum, a fault)

amendment . See also:

• ABSTINENCE (from Lat. abstinere, to abstain)

Abstinence from flesh was also enjoined, and a good See also:

• DEAL

deal of astrological See also:

• FANCY (a shortened form, dating from the 15th century, of " fantasy," which is derived through the O. Fr. fantasie, modern fantaisie. from the Latinized form of the Gr. cbavraoia, Oavrai'ecv, Oat Pais, to show)

fancy was inter-See also:

• WOVEN

woven with the doctrinal and practical teaching . It is highly probable, too, that from these Essene Ebionites there issued the fantastical and widely read " Clementine " literature (Homilies and Recognitions) of the 3rd century . Ebionite views lingered especially in the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of the See also:

• JORDAN (the down-comer; Arab. esh-Sheri'a, the watering-place)
• JORDAN, CAMILLE (1771—1821)
• JORDAN, DOROTHEA (1762—1816)
• JORDAN, THOMAS (1612 ?–1685)
• JORDAN, WILHELM (1819–1904)

Jordan until they were absorbed by See also:

• ISLAM

Islam in the 7th century . In addition to the literature cited see R . C . Octley, The See also:

• DOCTRINE

Doctrine of the Incarnation, See also:

• PART

part iii . § ii.; W . Moeller, Hist. of the Christian Church, i .

99; See also:

• ART

art. in See also:

• HERZOG, HANS (1819–1894)
• HERZOG, JOHANN JAKOB (1805-1882)

Herzog - Hauck, Realencyklopadie, s.v . " Ebioniten also CLEMENTINE LITERATURE .