See also:

• ECCLESIA (Gr. EKKX ria, from Lc, out, and Ka)teiv, to call)

ECCLESIA (Gr. EKKX ria, from Lc, out, and Ka)teiv, to See also:

• CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call)  , in See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens, the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly of all the freemen of the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state . In the See also:

• PRIMITIVE

primitive unorganized state the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king was theoretic-ally See also:

• ABSOLUTE (Lat. absolvere, to loose, set free)

absolute, though his See also:

• GREAT

great nobles See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting in the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

Council (see See also:

• BOULE (Gr. 0ovXi ,, literally " will," " advice "; hence a " council ")

BouLE) were no doubt able to See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence him considerably . There is, however, no doubt that in the earliest times the See also:

• FREE

free See also:

• PEOPLE

people, i.e. the fighting force of the state, were called together to ratify the decisions of the king, and that they were gradually able to enforce their wishes against those of the nobles . In Athens, as in See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, where the See also:

• PLEBS (from the root seen in Lat. plenus, full; cf. Gr. 7rXit9os)

Plebs succeeded in their demand for the codification of the See also:

• LAWS

laws (the Twelve Tables), it was no doubt owing to the growing See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of the people meeting in the See also:

• AGORA

Agora that See also:

• DRACO (" the Dragon ")
• DRACO (7th century B.C.)

Draco was entrusted with the task of See also:

• PUBLISHING

publishing a See also:

• CODE (Lat. codex)

code of See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law and so putting an end to the arbitrary judicature of the aristocratic party . But there is no See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence that the See also:

• ECCLESIA (Gr. EKKX ria, from Lc, out, and Ka)teiv, to call)

Ecclesia had more than a de facto existence before See also:

• SOLON (7th and 6th century n.c.)

Solon's reforms . The precise See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers which Solon gave the people are not known . It is clear that the executive power in the state (see See also:

• ARCHON (apywv, ruler)

ARCHON) was still vested in the Eupatrid class . It is obvious, therefore, that a moderate reformer would endeavour to give to the people some See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control over the magistracy . Now in speaking of the Thetes (the lowest of the four Solonian classes; see SOLON), See also:

• ARISTOTLE
• ARISTOTLE (384-322 B.C.)

Aristotle's Constitution of Athens says that Solon gave them merely " a See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share in the Ecclesia and the Law Courts," and in the Politics we find that he gave them the right of electing the magistrates and receiving their accounts at the end of the See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official See also:

• YEAR

year . Thus it seems that the " mixed " See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of Solon's constitution consisted in the fact that though the officials of the state were still necessarily Eupatrid, the Ecclesia elected those of the Eupatrids whom they could See also:

• TRUST

trust, and further had the right of criticizing their official actions . Secondly, all our accounts agree that Solon admitted the Thetes to the Ecclesia, thus recognizing them as citizens . Under .

See also:

• CLEISTHENES

Cleisthenes the Ecclesia remained the See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign power, but the Council seems to have become to some extent a See also:

• SEPARATE

separate administrative See also:

• BODY

body . The relation of See also:

• BOTTLE (Fr. bouteille, from a diminutive of the Lat. butta, a flask; cf. Eng. " butt ")

Bottle and Ecclesia in the Cleisthenic See also:

• DEMOCRACY (Gr. 3np.oKparia, from S)µos, the people, i.e. the commons, and Kparos, rule)

democracy was of the greatest importance . The Ecclesia alone, a heterogeneous body of untrained citizens, could not have passed, nor even have See also:

• DRAWN

drawn up intelligible See also:

• MEASURES

measures; all the preliminary drafting was done by the small See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee of the Boule which was in session at any particular See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time . In the 5th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century the functions of the Ecclesia and the popular courts of See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice were vastly increased by the exigencies of See also:

• EMPIRE

empire . At the beginning of the 4th century B.C. the See also:

• SYSTEM

system of See also:

• PAYMENT (Fr. paiement, from payer, to pay; Lat. pacare, to appease, pax, peace)

payment was introduced (see below) . In 308 B.C . See also:

• DEMETRIUS

Demetrius of Phalerum curtailed the power of the Ecclesia by the institution of the Nomophylaces (Guardians of the Law), who prevented the Ecclesia from voting on an illegal or injurious See also:

• MOTION (Lat. motio, from movere, to move)
• MOTION, LAWS OF

motion . Under See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• RULE

rule the powers of the Ecclesia and the popular courts were much diminished, and after 48 B.C . (the See also:

• FRANCHISE (from 0. Fr. franchise, freedom, franc, free)

franchise being frequently sold to any casual See also:

• ALIEN (Lat. alienus)

alien) the Demos (people) was of no importance . They still assembled to pass psephisms in the See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre and to elect strategi, and, under See also:

• HADRIAN (PUBLICS AELIUS HADRIANUS)

Hadrian, had some small judicial duties, but as a governing body the Ecclesia died when Athens became a civitas libera under Roman See also:

• PROTECTION

protection . Constitution and Functions.—Throughout the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of Athenian greatness the Ecclesia was the sovereign power, not only in practice but also in theory . The assembly met in See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early times near the See also:

• SANCTUARY (from the late Lat. sanctuarium, a sacred place)

sanctuary of See also:

• APHRODITE

Aphrodite Pandemus (i.e. See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of the See also:

• ACROPOLIS (Gr. aKpos, top, a6)Xts, city)

Acropolis), but, in the 5th and 4th centuries, the See also:

• REGULAR

regular See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of meeting was the Pnyx .

From the 5th century it met sometimes in the theatre, which in the 3rd century was the regular place . From See also:

• DEMOSTHENES

Demosthenes we learn that in his time See also:

• SPECIAL

special meetings were held at See also:

• PEIRAEUS, or PIRAEUS (Gr. Hetpaceur)

Peiraeus, and, in the last centuries B . C., meetings were held at Athens and Peiraeus alternately . Certain meetings, however, for voting See also:

• OSTRACISM

ostracism (q.v.) and on questions affecting individual status took place in the Agora . Meetings were (I) See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary, (2) extraordinary, and (3) convened by special messengers (Kbpcau, OfryKX77TOL and KaT6.K)^1lTOL), these last being called when it was desirable that the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country people should attend . At ordinary meetings the attendance was practically confined to Athenian residents . According to Aristotle there were four regular meetings in each prytany (see BouLE); probably only the first of these was called Kvpla . It is certain, how-ever, that the four meetings did not fall on regular days, owing to the occurrence of feast days on which no meeting could take place . In the Kupia EKc? rLa of each See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month took place the Epicheirolonia (monthly inquiry) of the state officials, and if it proved unsatisfactory a trial before the Heliaea was arranged; the council reported on the general See also:

• SECURITY (Lat. securus, free from care, safe)

security and the See also:

• CORN (a common Teutonic word; cf. Lat. granum, seed, grain)
• CORN (fromm Lat. corms, horn)

corn-See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply, and read out lists of vacant inheritances and unmarried heiresses . In the See also:

• SIXTH

sixth prytany of each year at the Ku pia &KKAmvta the question whether ostracism should take place that year was put to the See also:

• VOTE

vote . For all meetings it was usual that the Prytaneis should give five days' See also:

• NOTICE

notice in the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of a programma (agenda) . On occasions of sudden importance the See also:

• HERALD (O. Fr. heraut, herault; the origin is uncertain, but O.H.G. heren, to call, or hariwald, leader of an army, have been proposed; the Gr. equivalent is Kddpvi : Lat. praeco, caduceator, fetialis)

herald of the council summoned the people with a See also:

• TRUMPET (Fr. trompette, clairon; Ger. ,Trompete, Klarino, Trummet; Ital. tromba, trombetta, clarino)
• TRUMPET, SPEAKING AND HEARING

trumpet, and sometimes special messengers were despatched to " bring in " the country people (Karwca?'.€ v) .

After the archonship of Solon all Athenians over the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of eighteen were eligible to attend the assembly, See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save those who for some See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason had suffered atimia (loss of See also:

• CIVIL

civil rights) . To prevent the presence of any disqualified persons, six lexiarchs with See also:

• THIRTY

thirty assistants were See also:

• PRESENT

present with the deme-rolls in their hands . These See also:

• OFFICERS

officers ,superintended the payment in the 4th century and probably the toxotae (See also:

• POLICE (Fr. police, government, civil administration, a police force, Gr. sroXumeia, constitution, condition of a state, roars, city, state)

police) also, whose See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty it was before the introduction of pay to drive the people out of the Agora into the Ecclesia with a rope steeped in red dye which they stretched out and used as a draw See also:

• NET

net (see Aristoph . Acharn . 22 and See also:

• ECCLES

Eccles . 378) . The introduction of pay, which belongs to the early years of the 4th century and by the Constitution (c . 41 ad fin.) is attributed to Agyrrhius, a statesman of the restored democracy, was a See also:

• DEVICE

device to secure a larger attendance . The See also:

• RATE

rate See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose from one to two obols and then to three obols (Aristoph . Eccles . 300 sqq.), while at the time of Aristotle it was one and a See also:

• HALF

half drachmas for the Kupta EKKXfQta and one drachma for other meetings . Probably those who were See also:

• LATE

late did not receive payment .

See also:

• PROCEDURE (Fr. procedure, from Lat. procedere, to go for-ward)

Procedure.—The proceedings opened with formalities: the See also:

• PURIFICATION

purification by the peristiarchs, who carried See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round slain sucking pigs; the curse against all who should deceive the people; the See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment (in the 4th century) of the proedri and their epistates (see Bount) ; the See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report as to the See also:

• WEATHER (O. Eng. weder; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Du. weder, Dan. veir, Icel. ve8r, and Ger. Wetter and Gewitter, storm; the root is wa- to blow, from which is derived " wind ")

weather-omens . The assembly was always dismissed if there were See also:

• THUNDER

thunder, See also:

• RAIN (O.E. regn; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Regen, Swed. and Dan. regn; it has been connected with Lat. rigare, to wet, Gr. 13pixeav)

rain or an See also:

• ECLIPSE (Gr. €uheo,tis, falling out of place, failing)

eclipse . These formalities over, the Prytaneis communicated the probouleuma of the council, without which the Ecclesia could not debate . This recommendation either submitted definite proposals or merely brought the agenda before the assembly . Its importance See also:

• LAY

lay largely in the fact that it explained the business in See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, which otherwise must often have been beyond the grasp of a See also:

• MISCELLANEOUS

miscellaneous assembly . After the See also:

• READING

reading, a preliminary vote was taken as to whether the council's report should be accepted en bloc . If it was decided to discuss, the herald called upon people to speak . Any See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person, without distinction of age or position, might obtain leave to speak, but it seems probable that the See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man who had moved the recommendation previously in the council would See also:

• ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate it in the assembly . The council was, therefore, a check on the assembly, but its powers were to some extent illusory, because any member of the assembly (i) might propose an See also:

• AMENDMENT (through the O. Fr. amender, to correct, from Lat. mendum, a fault)

amendment, (2) might draw up a new See also:

• RESOLUTION

resolution founded on the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal motion, (3) might move the rejection of the motion and the substitution of another, (4) might bring in a motion asking the council for a recommendation on a particular See also:

• MATTER

matter, (5) might See also:

• PETITION (Lat. for " seeking " or " praying ")

petition the council for leave to speak on a given matter to the assembly . Voting usually was by show of hands, but in special cases (ostracism, &c.) by See also:

• BALLOT (from Ital. ballotta, dim. of balla, a ball)

ballot (i.e. by casting pebbles into one of two urns) . The decision of the assembly was called a psephism and had absolute validity . These decisions were deposited in the Metroon where state documents were preserved; peculiarly important decrees were inscribed also on a See also:

• COLUMN (Lat. columna)

column (See also:

• STELE

stele) erected on the Acropolis .

It has been shown that the power of the council was far from sufficient . The real check on the vagaries of See also:

• AMATEUR (Lat. amator, lover)

amateur legislators was the Graphe ParanomOn . Any man was at See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty to give notice that he would proceed against the mover of a given resolution either before or after the voting in the Ecclesia . A trial in a Heliastic See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court was then arranged, and the See also:

• PLAINTIFF

plaintiff had to prove that the resolution in question contravened an existing law . If this contention were upheld by the court, when the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case was brought to it by the Thesmothetae, the resolution was annulled, and the See also:

• DEFENDANT

defendant had to appear in a new trial for the See also:

• ASSESSMENT, (from Lat. assessare, to sit beside, to judge)

assessment of the See also:

• PENALTY (Lat. poena, punishment)

penalty, which was usually a See also:

• FINE

fine, rarely See also:

• DEATH

death . Three convictions under this law, however, involved a certain loss of rights; the loser could no longer move a resolution in the Ecclesia . After the See also:

• LAPSE (Lat. lapses, a slip or departure)

lapse of a year the mover of a resolution could not be attacked . In the 4th century the Graphe Paranomon took the place of Ostracism (q.v.) . In the 5th century it was merely an arrangement whereby the people sitting as sworn juries ratified or annulled their own first decision in the Ecclesia . Revision of Laws.—In the 4th century, the assembly annually, on the See also:

• ELEVENTH

eleventh See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day of Hecatombaeon (the first day of the official year), took a general vote on the laws, to decide whether revision was necessary . If the decision was in favour of alteration, it was open to any private See also:

• CITIZEN (a form corrupted in Eng., apparently by analogy with " denizen," from O. Fr. citeain, mod. Fr. citoyen)

citizen to put up notice of amendments . The Nomothetae, a See also:

• PANEL (O. Fr. panel, mod. panneau, piece of cloth, from Med. Lat. pannellus, diminutive of pannus, cloth)

panel selected by the Prytaneis from the Heliaea, heard arguments for and against the changes proposed and voted accordingly .

Against all new laws so passed, there lay the Graphe Paranomon . Thus the Nomothetae, not the Ecclesia, finally passed the law . Judicial Functions.—The Ecclesia heard cases of Probole and Eisangelia (see See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

GREEK LAW) . The Probole was an See also:

• ACTION

action against sycophants and persons who had not kept their promises to the people, or had disturbed a public festival . The See also:

• VERDICT (O. Fr. verdit, Lat. vere dictum, truly said, used in Late Latin in one word with its present significance)

verdict went by show of hands, but no legal consequences ensued.; if the plaintiff demanded See also:

• PUNISHMENT (from Lat. punire, to punish, from poena, punishment, Gr. 7rocvil)

punishment he had to go to the Heliaea which were not at all See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound by the previous vote in the Ecclesia . Cases of Eisangelia in which the penalty exceeded the legal competence of the council came before the Ecclesia in the form of a probouleuma . To prevent vexatious accusations, it was (at some date unknown) decided that the accuser who failed to obtain one-fifth of the votes should be fined l000 drachmas (L4o) . (For the procedure in case of Ostracism see that See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article.) See also:

• SUMMARY

Summary.—Thus it will be seen that the Ecclesia, with no formal organization, had absolute power save for the Graphe Paranomon (which, therefore, constituted the dicasteries in one sense the sovereign power in the state) . It dealt with all matters See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home and See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign . Every member could initiate legislation, and, as has been shown, the power of the council was merely formal . As against this it must be pointed out that it was by no means a representative assembly in practice . The phrase used to describe a very special assembly (Karharlros EKKA770-la) shows that ordinarily the country members did not attend (KaraxaXeiv always involving the See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of motion from a distance towards Athens), and See also:

• THUCYDIDES (OovavMns)

Thucydides says that 5000 was the maxi-mum attendance, though it must be remembered that he is speaking of the time when the number of citizens had been much reduced owing to the See also:

• PLAGUE (in Gr. Xotµos; in Lat. pestis, pestilentia)

plague and the Sicilian expedition .

From this we understand the See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity of payment in the 4th century, although in that period the Ecclesia was supreme (Constitution of Athens, xli . 2) . The functions of the Ecclesia thus differed in two fundamental respects from those which are in See also:

• MODERN

modern times associated with a popular assembly . (1) It did not exercise, at least in the period as to which we are best instructed, the power of law-making (vopo9eo-ta) in the strict sense . It must be remembered, however, in qualification of this statement that it possessed the power of passing psephismata which would in many cases be regarded as law in the modern sense . (2) The Ecclesia was principally concerned with the supervision of See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration . Much of what we regard as executive functions were discharged by the Ecclesia . With this article compare those on Soaox; BOULE; See also:

• AREOPAGUS ("Apews Ilayos)

AREOPAGUS; GREEK LAW, and, for other ancient popular assemblies, See also:

• APELLA

APELLA; See also:

• COMITIA

COMITIA . See also A . H . J . Greenidge, Handbook of Greek Constitutional See also:

• HISTORY

History (1896) ; See also:

• GILBERT
• GILBERT (KINGSMILL) ISLANDS
• GILBERT (or GYLBERDE), WILLIAM (1544-1603)
• GILBERT, ALFRED (1854– )
• GILBERT, ANN (1821-1904)
• GILBERT, GROVE KARL (1843– )
• GILBERT, J
• GILBERT, JOHN (1810-1889)
• GILBERT, MARIE DOLORES ELIZA ROSANNA [" LOLA MONTEZ "] (1818-1861)
• GILBERT, NICOLAS JOSEPH LAURENT (1751–1780)
• GILBERT, SIR HUMPHREY (c. 1539-1583)
• GILBERT, SIR JOSEPH HENRY (1817-1901)
• GILBERT, SIR WILLIAM SCHWENK (1836– )

Gilbert, Greek Constitutional Antiquities (trans .

See also:

• BROOKS, CHARLES WILLIAM SHIRLEY (1816-1874)
• BROOKS, PHILLIPS (1835-1893)

Brooks and Nicklin, 1895) ; See also:

• SCHOMANN, GEORG FRIEDRICH (1793—1879)

Schomann, De comitiis Atheniensium ; L . See also:

• SCHMIDT, H
• SCHMIDT, HEINRICH JULIAN (1818-1886)
• SCHMIDT, KARL VON (1817-1875)
• SCHMIDT, WILHELM ADOLF (1812-1887)

Schmidt, " De Atheniensis reipublicae See also:

• INDOLE

indole democratica " in Ind . L ect . (See also:

• MARBURG
• MARBURG, COLLOQUY OF (Marburger Religionsgesprach)

Marburg, 1865) ; J . W . Headlam, See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

Election by See also:

• LOT
• LOT (Lat. Oltis)

Lot at Athens (See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge, 1891) . See also the histories of See also:

• GREECE

Greece by See also:

• MEYER, CHRISTIAN ERICH HERMANN VON (18or-1869)
• MEYER, HEINRICH AUGUST WILHELM (1800-1873)
• MEYER, JULIUS LOTHAR (183o-1895)
• MEYER, KONRAD FERDINAND (1825-1898)
• MEYER, VICTOR (1848-1897)
• MEYER, [MARIE] PAUL HYACINTHE (184o- )

Meyer, Busolt, See also:

• GROTE, GEORGE (1794–1871)

Grote, See also:

• EVELYN, JOHN (1620-1706)

Evelyn See also:

• ABBOTT
• ABBOTT, EMMA (1849-1891)
• ABBOTT, JACOB (1803-1879)
• ABBOTT, JOHN STEVENS CABOT (1805-1877)
• ABBOTT, LYMAN (1835- )

Abbott, and J . E . See also:

• SANDYS, FREDERICK (1832-1904)
• SANDYS, GEORGE (1578-1644)
• SANDYS, SIR EDWIN (1561-1629)

Sandys' edition of the Constitution of Athens (1892) ; for a See also:

• COMPARATIVE

comparative study, E . A . See also:

• FREEMAN
• FREEMAN, EDWARD AUGUSTUS (1823-1892)

Freeman, Comparative Politics . (J .

M .