ECHTERNACH  , a See also:

• TOWN

town in the See also:

• GRAND

grand duchy of See also:

• LUXEMBURG
• LUXEMBURG, FRANCOIS HENRI DE MONTMORENCYBOUTEVILLE, DUKE

Luxemburg, on the Sfire, See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close to the Prussian frontier . Pop . (1905) 3484 . It is the See also:

• OLDEST

oldest town in Luxemburg, and was the centre from which the See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint See also:

• WILLIBRORD (or WILBRORD), ST (d. 738)

Willibrord converted the See also:

• PEOPLE

people to See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity in the 7th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . There are the See also:

• BENEDICTINE

Benedictine See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

abbey, the See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital See also:

• ALMSHOUSE

almshouse, which is said to be the oldest hospital in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe except the Hotel-Dieu in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, and the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter and St See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul . The Benedictine abbey has been greatly shorn of its See also:

• ORIGINAL

original dimensions, but the See also:

• BASILICA

basilica remains a See also:

• FAIR

fair See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument of Romano-See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic See also:

• ART

art . The church of St Peter and St Paul stands on an isolated See also:

• MOUND

mound, and for the ascent sixty steps have been built in the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, and these are well worn by the tread of numerous pilgrims who come in each succeeding See also:

• YEAR

year . The interior of the church is curious more than imposing, and is specially noteworthy only for its gloom . Under the See also:

• ALTAR (Lat. altare, from alias, high; some ancient etymological guesses are recorded by St Isidore of Seville in Etymologiae xv. 4)

altar, and below a See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble effigy of himself, lies Saint Willibrord . Echternach is famous, however, in particular for the dancing procession held on Whit-Tuesday every year . The origin of this festival is uncertain, but it See also:

• DATES

dates at least from the 13th century and was probably instituted during on outbreak of See also:

• CHOLERA (from the Gr. Xo)du, tile, and Map, to flow)

cholera . Nowadays it is an occasion of See also:

• PILGRIMAGE (Fr. pelerinage, Lat. peregrinatio)

pilgrimage, among Germans and Belgians as well as Luxemburgers, for all sick persons, but especially for the epileptic and those suffering from St See also:

• VITUS, ST (German, Veit; French, Guy)

Vitus' See also:

• DANCE
• DANCE (Fr. danse; of obscure origin, connected with Old High Ger. danson, to stretch)

dance .

The ceremony is interesting, and the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic Church lends all its See also:

• RITUAL (from Lat. ritus, a custom, especially a religious rite or custom)

ritual to make it more imposing . The See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop of See also:

• TRIER (French Troves)

Trier attends to represent See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, and the See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of Luxemburg figures for the grand duchy . There is a religious ceremony on the Prussian side of the See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge over the Sure, and when it is over the See also:

• CONGREGATION (Lat. congregatio, a gathering together, from cum, with, grex, gregis, a flock, herd)

congregation See also:

• CROSS

cross into the duchy to join the procession, partly religious, partly popular, through the streets of the town . The religious procession, carrying cross and See also:

• BANNERS, FEAST OF (Jap. Nobori-no-Sekku)

banners and attended by three See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred singers, comes first, chanting St Willibrord's hymn . Next comes a See also:

• BAND

band of See also:

• MISCELLANEOUS

miscellaneous See also:

• INSTRUMENTS

instruments playing as a See also:

• RULE

rule the old See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air " See also:

• ADAM
• ADAM (or ADAN) DE LE HALE (died c. 1288)
• ADAM, ALEXANDER (1741–1809)
• ADAM, JULIETTE (1836– )
• ADAM, LAMBERT SIGISBERT (1700-1759)
• ADAM, MELCHIOR (d. 1622)
• ADAM, PAUL (1862– )
• ADAM, ROBERT (1728—1792)
• ADAM, SIR FREDERICK (1781-1853)
• ADAM, WILLIAM (1751-1839)

Adam had seven sons," and then follow the dancers . Many of these are See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young and full of See also:

• LIFE

life and See also:

• HEALTH

health and dance foramusement, but many others are old or feeble and dance in the See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

hope of recovery or of escaping from some trouble, but on all alike the conditions of the dance are See also:

• INCUMBENT (from Lat. incumbere, to lean, lie upon)

incumbent . There are three steps forward and two back; five steps are thus taken to make one in advance . This becomes especially trying at the See also:

• FLIGHT

flight of steps mounting to the little church where the procession ends in front of the See also:

• SHRINE (Lat. scrinium, a case or chest for books, hence a casket; from scribere, to write, Fr. ecrin, Ital. scrigno)

shrine of the See also:

• GREAT

great saint . There are sixty steps, but it takes three hundred to reach the See also:

• TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

top for the 'final See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time . It is said that those who fall from See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age or weariness have to be dragged out of the way by onlookers or they would be trampled to See also:

• DEATH

death by the succeeding waves of dancers . The procession, although it covers a distance of less than a mile, is said to take as much as five See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

hours in its accomplishment . In olden days the abbey was the See also:

• GOAL

goal of the procession, and See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William I. of the See also:

• NETHERLANDS

Netherlands—great-grandfather of See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• WILHELMINA (SOPHIA FRIDERIKA WILHELMINA) (1709-1758)
• WILHELMINA [WILHELMINA HELENA PAULINE MARIA OF ORANGE-NASSAU] (188o– )

Wilhelmina—changed the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day from Tuesday to See also:

• SUNDAY

Sunday so that a working day should not be lost .

This reform did not See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer, and the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order was restored . Some critics see in the dancing procession of Echternach merely the survival of the See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring dance of the See also:

• HEATHEN

heathen races, but at any See also:

• RATE

rate it invests the little town with an See also:

• INTEREST

interest and importance that would otherwise be lacking .