See also:

• EDMUND
• EDMUND, or EADMUND (c. 980-1016)
• EDMUND, SAINT [EDMUND RICE] (d. 1240)

EDMUND DE See also:

• MORTIMER (Family)

MORTIMER (1351-1381)  , 3rd See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March, was son of See also:

• ROGER (d. 1139)
• ROGER (d. 1181)

Roger, 2nd earl of March, by his wife Philippa, daughter of See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William Montacute, 1st earl of See also:

• SALISBURY
• SALISBURY, EARLS OF
• SALISBURY, ROBERT ARTHUR TALBOT GASCOYNECECIL, 3RD MARQUESS OF (1830-1903)
• SALISBURY, ROBERT CECIL, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1565-1612)
• SALISBURY, THOMAS DE MONTACUTE, 4TH EARL OF (1388-1428)
• SALISBURY, WILLIAM LONGSWORD (or LONGESPEE), EARL OF (d. 1226)

Salisbury . Being an See also:

• INFANT (in early forms enfaunt, enfant, through the Fr. enfant, from Lat. infans, in, not, and fans, the present participle of fari, to speak)

infant at the See also:

• DEATH

death of his See also:

• FATHER

father, See also:

• EDMUND
• EDMUND, or EADMUND (c. 980-1016)
• EDMUND, SAINT [EDMUND RICE] (d. 1240)

Edmund, as a See also:

• WARD
• WARD, ADOLPHUS WILLIAM (1837- )
• WARD, ARTEMUS
• WARD, EDWARD MATTHEW (1816-1879)
• WARD, ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS (1844-1911)
• WARD, JAMES (1769--1859)
• WARD, JAMES (1843– )
• WARD, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS (1830-1910)
• WARD, LESTER FRANK (1841– )
• WARD, MARY AUGUSTA [MRS HUMPHRY WARD]
• WARD, WILLIAM (1766-1826)
• WARD, WILLIAM GEORGE (1812-1882)

ward of the See also:

• CROWN

crown, was placed by See also:

• EDWARD

Edward III. under the care of William of Wykeham and See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard Fitzalan, earl of See also:

• ARUNDEL
• ARUNDEL, EARLDOM OF
• ARUNDEL, EARLS OF
• ARUNDEL, THOMAS (1353-1414)

Arundel . The position of the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young earl, powerful on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of his possessions and hereditary See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence in the Welsh See also:

• MARCHES, THE (It. Le Marche)

marches, was rendered still more important by his See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage in 1368 to Philippa, only daughter of Lionel, See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• CLARENCE, DUKES OF

Clarence, third son of Edward III . Lionel's wife was See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of William de See also:

• BURGH [BOURKE, BURKE]
• BURGH, HUBERT DE (d. 1243)

Burgh, 6th See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord of See also:

• CONNAUGHT
• CONNAUGHT, ARTHUR WILLIAM PATRICK ALBERT, DUKE OF (1850– )

Connaught and 3rd earl of See also:

• ULSTER
• ULSTER, EARLS OF

Ulster, and Lionel had himself been created earl of Ulster before his marriage . The earl of March, therefore, not only became the representative of one of the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief Anglo-See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman lordships in See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland in right of his 'wife Philippa, but the latter, on the death of her father shortly after her marriage, stood next in See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession to the crown after the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince and his sickly son Richard, after-wards See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king Richard II . This marriage had, therefore, far-reaching consequences in the See also:

• HISTORY

history of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, giving rise to the claim of the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York to the crown of England, contested in the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War of the See also:

• ROSES, WARS OF THE

Roses; Edward IV. being descended from the third son of Edward III. as See also:

• GREAT

great-great-See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson of Philippa,countess of March, and in the male See also:

• LINE

line from Edmund, duke of York, fifth son of Edward III . See also:

• MORTIMER (Family)

Mortimer, now styled earl of March and Ulster, became See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal of England in 1369, and was employed in various See also:

• DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic See also:

• MISSIONS (Lat. missio, a sending)

missions during the next following years . He was a member of the See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee appointed by the Peers to confer with the See also:

• COMMONS

Commons in 1373—the first instance of such a See also:

• JOINT (through Fr. from Lat. junctum, jungere, to join)

joint See also:

• CONFERENCE

conference since the institution of representative parliaments—on the question of granting supplies for See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John of Gaunt's war in See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France; and in the opposition to Edward III. and the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court party, which See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew in strength towards the end of the reign, March took the popular See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, being prominent in the See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

Good See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

Parliament of 1376 among the lords who, encouraged by the Prince of See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales, concerted an attack upon the court party led by John of Gaunt . The See also:

• SPEAKER

Speaker of the Commons in this parliament was March's steward, See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter de la See also:

• MARE

Mare; he firmly withstood John of Gaunt in stating the grievances of the Commons, in supporting the See also:

• IMPEACHMENT (O. Fr. empeahement, empeschement, from em pecher or empescher, to hinder, Late Lat. impedicare, to entangle, pedica, fetter, pes, foot)

impeachment of several high court officials, and in procuring the banishment of the king's See also:

• MISTRESS

mistress, Alice See also:

• PERRERS (or DE WINDSOR), ALICE (d. 1400)

Perrers . March was a member of the administrative See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council appointed by the same parliament after the death of the Black Prince to attend the king and advise him in all public affairs . On the See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession of Richard II., a See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor, in 1377, the earl became a member of the See also:

• STANDING

standing council of See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government; though as father of the See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir-presumptive to the crown he wisely abstained from claiming any actually administrative See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office . The most powerful See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person in the See also:

• REALM

realm was, however, John of Gaunt, duke of See also:

• LANCASTER
• LANCASTER, HOUSE OF
• LANCASTER, JOHN OF GAUNT
• LANCASTER, JOSEPH (1778-1838)
• LANCASTER, SIR JAMES (f1. 1591—1618)
• LANCASTER, THOMAS, EARL OF (c. 1277-1322)

Lancaster, whose See also:

• JEALOUSY (adapted from Fr. jalousie, formed from jaloux, jealous, Low Lat. zelosus, Gr. j'i os, ardour, zeal, from the root seen in '&u', to boil, ferment; cf. " yeast ")

jealousy of March led to the See also:

• ACCEPTANCE (Lat. acceptare, frequentative form of accipere, to receive)

acceptance by the latter of the lieutenancy of Ireland in 1379 .

March succeeded in asserting his authority in eastern Ulster, but failed to subdue the O'Neills farther See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west . Proceeding to See also:

• MUNSTER
• MUNSTER, SEBASTIAN (1489-1552)

Munster to put down the turbulency of the chieftains of the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south, March died at See also:

• CORK
• CORK (perhaps through Sp. corcha from Lat. cortex, bark, but possibly connected with quercus, oak)
• CORK, RICHARD BOYLE

Cork on the 27th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1381 . He was buried in Wigmore See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

Abbey, of which he had been a benefactor, and where his wife Philippa who died about the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time was also interred . The earl had two sons and two daughters, the See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder of whom, Elizabeth, married See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry See also:

• PERCY (FAMILY)
• PERCY, SIR HENRY
• PERCY, THOMAS (1729-1811)
• PERCY, THOMAS (c. 156o-16os)

Percy (Hotspur), son of the earl of See also:

• NORTHUMBERLAND
• NORTHUMBERLAND, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• NORTHUMBERLAND, JOHN DUDLEY, VISCOUNT LISLE, EARL OF WARWICK
• NORTHUMBERLAND, JOHN NEVILLE, EARL OF (c. 1430-1471)

Northumberland . His eldest son Roger succeeded him as 4th earl of March and Ulster . His second son Edmund (1376-1409) played an important See also:

• PART

part in See also:

• CONJUNCTION (from Lat. conjungere, to join together)

conjunction with his See also:

• BROTHER

brother-in-See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law Hotspur against See also:

• OWEN, JOHN (1616-1683)
• OWEN, JOHN [OVENUS Or AUDOENUS] (c. 1560-1622)
• OWEN, ROBERT (1771-1858)
• OWEN, SIR HUGH (1804-1881)
• OWEN, SIR RICHARD (1804–1892)

Owen See also:

• GLENDOWER, OWEN (c. 1359–1415)

Glendower; but afterwards joined the latter, whose daughter he married about 1402 .