See also:

• EGMONT (EGMOND), LAMORAL, COUNT OF
• EGMONT, EARLS OF

EGMONT (EGMOND), LAMORAL, See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

COUNT OF  , See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of Gavre (1522—1568), was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• HAINAUT (Flem. Henegouwen, Ger. Hennegau)

Hainaut in 1522 . He was the younger of the two sons of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John IV., See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of See also:

• EGMONT (EGMOND), LAMORAL, COUNT OF
• EGMONT, EARLS OF

Egmont, by his wife Francoise of See also:

• LUXEMBURG
• LUXEMBURG, FRANCOIS HENRI DE MONTMORENCYBOUTEVILLE, DUKE

Luxemburg, princess of Gavre . On the See also:

• DEATH

death of his See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles, about 1541, he succeeded to his titles and estates . In this See also:

• YEAR

year he served his See also:

• APPRENTICESHIP (from Fr. apprendre, to learn)

apprenticeship as a soldier in the expedition of the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor Charles V. to See also:

• ALGIERS (Fr. Alger, Arab. Jezair, i.e. The Islands)

Algiers, distinguishing himself in the command of a See also:

• BODY

body of See also:

• CAVALRY (Fr. cavalerie, Ger. Kavallerie or Reiterei, derived ultimately from late Lat. caballus, horse)

cavalry . In 1544 he married Sabina, See also:

• SISTER

sister of the elector See also:

• PALATINE (from Lat. palatium, a palace,)

palatine See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick III., and the See also:

• WEDDING

wedding was celebrated at See also:

• SPIRES (Ger. Speyer or Speier)

Spires with See also:

• GREAT

great pomp in the presence of the emperor and his brother F..sinand, afterwards emperor . Created See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

knight of the Go an Fleece in 1546, he accompanied See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip of See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain in his tour (hrough the Netherland towns, and in 1554 he went to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of a See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• EMBASSY

embassy to ask the See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand of See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary of England for Philip, and was afterwards See also:

• PRESENT

present at the wedding ceremony at See also:

• WINCHESTER
• WINCHESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Winchester . In the summer of 1557 Egmont was appointed See also:

• COMMANDER

commander of the Flemish cavalry in the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war between Spain and See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France; and it was by his vehement persuasion that the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of St Quentin was fought . The victory was determined by the brilliant See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge that he led against the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French . The reputation which he won at St Quentin was raised still higher in 1558, when he encountered the French See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army under de Thermes at See also:

• GRAVELINES (Flem. Gravelinghe)

Gravelines, on its See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

march homewards after the invasion of See also:

• FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

Flanders, totally defeated it, and took See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

Marshal de Thermes prisoner . The battle was fought against the See also:

• ADVICE (Fr. avis, from Lat. ad, to, and visum, viewed)

advice of the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• ALVA
• ALVA, or ALBA, FERNANDO ALVAREZ DE TOLEDO, DUKE OF, (1508-1583)

Alva, and the victory made Alva Egmont's enemy . But the count now became the idol of his countrymen, who looked upon him as the saviour of Flanders from the devastations of the French . He was nominated by Philip See also:

• STADTHOLDER (Du. stadhouder, a delegate or representative)

stadtholder of Flanders and See also:

• ARTOIS

Artois .

At the conclusion of the war by the treaty of Cateau Cambresis, Egmont was one of the four hostages selected by the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of France as pledges for its See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution . The See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt made by King Philip to convert the See also:

• NETHERLANDS

Netherlands, into a See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish dependency and to govern it by Spanish ministers excited the resentment of Egmont and other leading members of the Netherlands See also:

• ARISTOCRACY (Gr. apuvror, best; «paria, government)

aristocracy . Between him and See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal See also:

• GRANVELLA, ANTOINE PERRENOT, CARDINAL DE

Granvella, the all-powerful See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of the See also:

• REGENT (from Lat. regere, to rule)

regent See also:

• MARGARET
• MARGARET (1283–1290)
• MARGARET (1353-1412)
• MARGARET (1489–1541)
• MARGARET, ST (c. 1045–1093)
• MARGARET, ST (SANCTA MARGARITA)

Margaret of See also:

• PARMA

Parma, there was no love lost . As a member of the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state Egmont joined the prince of See also:

• ORANGE
• ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)
• ORANGE, HOUSE OF

Orange in a vigorous protest addressed to Philip (1561) against the autocratic proceedings of the minister; and two years later he again protested in See also:

• CONJUNCTION (from Lat. conjungere, to join together)

conjunction with the prince of Orange and Count See also:

• HORN
• HORN (a common Teutonic word, cognate with Lat. cornu; cf. Gr. Kipas)
• HORN (Lat. cornu; corresponding terms being Fr. cor, trompe; Ger. Horn; Ital. corno)
• HORN, ARVID BERNHARD, COUNT (1664-1742)
• HORN, PHILIP DE MONTMORENCY, COUNT

Horn . In the See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring of 1564 Granvella See also:

• LEFT

left the Netherlands, and the malcontent nobles once more took their places in the council of state . The resolve, however, of Philip to enforce the decrees of the council of See also:

• TRENT
• TRENT (Lat. Tridentum; Ital. Trento; Ger. relent)
• TRENT, COUNCIL OF

Trent throughout the Netherlands once more aroused their resentment . Although himself a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic, Egmont had no wish to see the Spanish See also:

• INQUISITION, THE (Lat. inquisitio, an inquiry)

Inquisition established in his native See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country . Orange, Egmont and others were convinced that the enforcement of the decrees in the Netherlands was impossible, and, in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1665, Egmont accepted a special See also:

• MISSION

mission to Spain to make known to Philip the state of affairs and the disposition of the See also:

• PEOPLE

people . At See also:

• MADRID

Madrid the king gave him an ostentatiously cordial reception, and all the courtiers vied with one another in lavishing professions of respect upon him . They knew his vain and somewhat unstable See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, and hoped to win him over without conceding anything to the wishes of the Netherlanders . The king gave him plenty of flatteries and promises, but steadily evaded any serious discussion of the See also:

• OBJECT

object of his mission, and Egmont finally returned See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home without having accomplished anything . At the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time Philip sent further instructions to the regent to abate nothing of the severity of the persecution .

Egmont was naturally indignant at the treatment he had received, while the terrors of the Inquisition were steadily rousing the people to a state of frenzied excitement . In 1566 a confederacy of the lesser See also:

• NOBILITY

nobility was formed (See also:

• LES

Les See also:

• GUEUX, LES

Gueux) whose principles were set out in a document known as the See also:

• COMPROMISE (pronounced compromize; through Fr. from Lat. compromittere)

Compromise . From this See also:

• LEAGUE

league Egmont held aloof; he declined to take any step savouring of actual disloyalty to his See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign . He withdrew to his See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of Flanders, and as stadtholder took active See also:

• MEASURES

measures for the persecution of heretics . But in the eyes of Philip he had See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long been a marked See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man . The Spanish king had temporized only until the moment arrived when he could crush opposition by force . In the summer of 1567 the duke of Alva was despatched to the Netherlands at the head of an army of veterans to supersede the regent Margaret and restore See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order in the discontented provinces . Orange fled to See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany after having vainly warned Egmont and Horn of the dangers that threatened them . Alva was at pains to See also:

• LULL (or LvLLY), RAIMON, or RAYMOND (c. 1235-1315)

lull their suspicions, and then suddenly seized them both and threw them in the See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle of See also:

• GHENT (Flem. Gent, Fr. Gand)

Ghent . Their trial was a See also:

• FARCE

farce, for their See also:

• FATE

fate had already been determined before Alva left Spain . After some months of imprisonment they were removed to See also:

• BRUSSELS (Fr. Bruxelles, Flem. Brussel)

Brussels, where See also:

• SENTENCE (Lat. sententia, a way of thinking, opinion, judgment; vote, sentire, to feel, think)

sentence was pronounced upon them (See also:

• JUNE

June 4) by the infamous Council of See also:

• BLOOD

Blood erected by Alva . They were condemned to death for high See also:

• TREASON (Fr. trahison, Lat. traditio)

treason .

It was in vain that the most See also:

• EARNEST (probably a corruption of the obsolete arles or erles, adapted from Lat. equivalent arrha, due to a confusion with the adjective " earnest," serious, O. Eng. eornust, cognate with Ger. ernst)

earnest intercessions were made in behalf of Egmont by the emperor See also:

• MAXIMILIAN
• MAXIMILIAN (1832—1867)

Maximilian, by the knights of the order of the See also:

• GOLDEN

Golden Fleece, by the states of See also:

• BRABANT
• BRABANT, NORTH

Brabant, and by several of the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German princes . Vain, too, was the pathetic See also:

• PLEADING (Fr. plaider, plaidoyer)

pleading of his wife, who with her eleven See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children was reduced to want, and had taken See also:

• REFUGE

refuge in a See also:

• CONVENT (Lat. conventus, from convenire, to come together)

convent . Egmont was beheaded at Brussels in the square before the See also:

• TOWN

town See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall on the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day after his sentence had been publicly pronounced (June 5, 1568) . He met his fate with See also:

• CALM

calm resignation; and in the See also:

• STORM (in O. Eng..storm, and so in Du. and Low Ger.; in O. H. Ger. and mod. Ger. Sturm; the root is probably that seen in " stir," to rouse, move, disturb, cf. Ger. storen)
• STORM, THEODOR WOLDSEN (1817-1888)

storm of terror and exasperation to which this tragedy gave rise Egmont's failings were forgotten, and he and his See also:

• FELLOW

fellow-victim to Spanish tyranny were glorified in the popular See also:

• IMAGINATION

imagination as martyrs of Flemish freedom . From this memorable event, which See also:

• GOETHE, JOHANN WOLFGANG VON (1749-1832)

Goethe made the theme of his See also:

• PLAY

play Egmont (1788), is usually dated the beginning of the famous revolt of the Netherlands .