Online Encyclopedia

EINSIEDELN

Online Encyclopedia
Originally appearing in Volume V09, Page 135 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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EINSIEDELN  , the most populous

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town in the Swiss canton of Schwyz . It is built on the right
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bank of the Alpbach (an affluent of the Sihl), at a height of 2908 ft. above the sea-level on a rather
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bare moorland, and by
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rail is 25 M . S.E. of Zurich, or by a round-about railway route about 38 m. north of Schwyz, with which it communicates directly over the Hacken Pass (4649 ft.) or the Holzegg Pass (4616 ft.) . In 'goo the populati9n was 8496, all (save 75) Romanists and all (save
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Ili) German-speaking . The town is entirely dependent on the
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great
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Benedictine abbey that rises slightly above it to the east . Close to its
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present site Meinrad, a
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hermit, was murdered in 861 by two robbers, whose crime was made known by Meinrad's two pet ravens . Earlyin the loth century Benno, a hermit, rebuilt the
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holy man's cell, but the abbey proper was not founded till about 934, the church having been consecrated (it is said by Christ Himself) in 948 . In 1274 the dignity of a prince of the Holy
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Roman
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Empire was confirmed by the emperor to the reigning abbot . Originally under the
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protection of the
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counts of Rapperswil (to which town on the lake of Zurich the old pilgrims' way still leads over the Etzel Pass, 3146 ft., with its
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chapel and
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inn), this position passed by
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marriage with their heiress in 1295 to the Laufenburg or cadet
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line of the Habsburgs, but from 1386 was permanently occupied by Schwyz . A black wooden image of the Virgin and the fame of St Meinrad caused the throngs of pilgrims to resort to Einsiedeln in the
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middle ages, and even now it is much frequented, particularly about the 14th of September . The existing buildings date from the 18th century only, while the
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treasury and the library still contain many precious
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objects, despite the
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sack by the French in 1798 . There are now about roo fully professed monks, who
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direct several educational institutions .

The Black Virgin has a

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special chapel in the stately church . Zwingli was the parish priest of Einsiedeln 1516—1518 (before he became a
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Protestant), while near the town Paracelsus (1493-1541), the celebrated philosopher, was born . See
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Father O . Ringholz, Geschichte d. furstl . Benediktinerstiftes Einsiedeln, vol. i . (to 1526), (Einsiedeln, 1904) . (W . A . B .

End of Article: EINSIEDELN
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