ELEANOR OF See also:

• AQUITAINE

AQUITAINE (c. 1122-1204)  , wife of the See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry II., was the daughter and heiress of See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

Duke See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William X. of See also:

• AQUITAINE

Aquitaine, whom she succeeded in See also:

• APRIL

April 1137 . In accordance with arrangements made by her See also:

• FATHER

father, she at once married See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis, the See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir to the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• CROWN

crown, and a See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month later her See also:

• HUSBAND

husband became king of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of Louis VII . Eleanor See also:

• BORE

bore Louis two daughters but no sons . This was probably the See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason why their See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage was annulled by mutual See also:

• CON

con-sent in 1151, but contemporary See also:

• SCANDAL

scandal-mongers attributed the separation to the king's See also:

• JEALOUSY (adapted from Fr. jalousie, formed from jaloux, jealous, Low Lat. zelosus, Gr. j'i os, ardour, zeal, from the root seen in '&u', to boil, ferment; cf. " yeast ")

jealousy . It was alleged that, while accompanying her husband on the Second Crusade (1146-1149), Eleanor had been unduly See also:

• FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar with her See also:

• UNCLE

uncle, See also:

• RAYMOND, HENRY JARVIS (1820-1869)

Raymond of See also:

• ANTIOCH

Antioch . See also:

• CHRONOLOGY (Gr. xpovo?oyfa, computation of time, xp6vos)

Chronology is against this See also:

• HYPOTHESIS (from Gr. inrorcOivat, to put under; cf. Lat. suppositio, from sub-ponere)

hypothesis, since Louis and she lived on See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good terms together for two years after the Crusade . There is still less ground for the supposition that Henry of See also:

• ANJOU

Anjou, whom she married immediately after the See also:

• DIVORCE

divorce, had been her See also:

• LOVER, SAMUEL (1797-1868)

lover before it . This second marriage, with a youth some years her junior, was purely See also:

• POLITICAL

political . The duchy of Aquitaine required a strong ruler, and the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union with Anjou was eminently desirable . Louis, who had hoped that Aquitaine would descend to his daughters, was mortified and alarmed by the Angevin marriage; all the more so when Henry of Anjou succeeded to the English crown in 1154 . From this event See also:

• DATES

dates the beginning of the See also:

• SECULAR (Lat. saecularis, of or belonging to an age or generation, saeculum)

secular strife between See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England and France which runs like a red See also:

• THREAD (0. Eng. praed, literally, that which is twisted, prawan, to twist, to throw, cf. " throwster," a silk-winder, Ger. drehen, to twist, turn, Du. draad, Ger. Draht, thread, wire)

thread through See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval See also:

• HISTORY

history . Eleanor bore to her second husband five sons and three daughters; See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John, the youngest of their See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in 1167 .

But her relations with Henry passed gradually through indifference to hatred . Henry was an unfaithful husband, and Eleanor supported her sons in their See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion of 1173 . Throughout the latter years of the reign she was kept in a sort of See also:

• HONOURABLE (Fr. honorable, from Lat. honorabilis, worthy of honour)

honourable confinement . It was during her captivity that Henry formed his connexion with See also:

• ROSAMOND

Rosamond See also:

• CLIFFORD
• CLIFFORD, JOHN (1836- )
• CLIFFORD, WILLIAM KINGDON (1845-1879)

Clifford, the See also:

• FAIR

Fair Rosamond of See also:

• ROMANCE

romance . Eleanor, therefore, can hardly have been responsible for the See also:

• DEATH

death of this See also:

• RIVAL

rival, and the romance of the poisoned bowl appears to be an invention of the next See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . Under the See also:

• RULE

rule of See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard and John the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen became a political personage of the highest importance . To both her sons the popularity which she enjoyed in Aquitaine was most valuable . But in other directions also she did good service . She helped to frustrate the See also:

• CONSPIRACY (from Lat. conspirare, literally to breathe together, to agree, combine, and especially to form a secret plot)

conspiracy with France which John concocted during Richard's captivity . She afterwards reconciled the king and the prince, thus saving for John the See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession which he had forfeited by his misconduct . In 1199 she crushed an Angevin rising in favour of John's See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew, See also:

• ARTHUR (Fr. Arius)
• ARTHUR, CHESTER ALAN (1830 – 1886)

Arthur of See also:

• BRITTANY

Brittany . In 1201 she negotiated a marriage between her See also:

• GRAND

grand-daughter, See also:

• BLANCHE, JACQUES EMILE (1861– )

Blanche of See also:

• CASTILE, or CASTILLE (Castilla)

Castile, and Louis of France, the See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson of her first husband .

It was through her staunch See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of See also:

• MIRABEAU, ANDRE BONIFACE LOUIS RIQUETI, VICOMTE DE (1754-1792)
• MIRABEAU, HONORS GABRIEL RIQUETI, COMTE DE (1749-1791)
• MIRABEAU, VICTOR RIQUETI, MARQUIS DE (1715-1789)

Mirabeau in See also:

• POITOU

Poitou that John got See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of his nephew's See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person . She died on the 1st of April 1204, and was buried at See also:

• FONTEVRAULT, or FONTEVRAUD (Lat. Fons Ebraldi)

Fontevrault . Although a woman of strong passions and great abilities she is, historically, less important as an individual than as the heiress of Aquitaine, a See also:

• PART

part of which was, through her second marriage, See also:

• UNITED

united to England for some four See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred years . See the See also:

• CHRONICLES, BOOKS OF

chronicles cited for the reigns of Henry II., Richard I. and John . Also See also:

• SIR

Sir J . H . See also:

• RAMSAY, ALLAN (1686-1758)
• RAMSAY, ALLAN (1713-1784)
• RAMSAY, ANDREW MICHAEL (1686-1743)
• RAMSAY, DAVID (1749—1815)
• RAMSAY, SIR WILLIAM (1852– )
• RAMSAY, SIR WILLIAM MITCHELL (185r– )

Ramsay, Angevin See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1903) ; K . Norgate, England under the Angevin See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

Kings (London, 1887); and A . See also:

• STRICKLAND, AGNES (18061874)
• STRICKLAND, HUGH EDWIN (1811—1853)

Strickland, Lives of the Queens of England, vol. i . (1841) . (H . W .

C .