See also:

• ELEPHANTIASIS (Barbadoes leg; Boucnemia)

ELEPHANTIASIS (Barbadoes See also:

• LEG
• LEG (a word of Scandinavian origin, from the Old Norwegian leggr, cf. Swed. lagg, Dan. laeg; the O. Eng. word was sceanca, shank)

leg; Boucnemia)  , is a disease dependent on chronic lymphatic obstruction, and characterized by See also:

• HYPERTROPHY (Gr. inrEp, over, and rpo(A, nourishment)

hypertrophy of the skin and subcutaneous See also:

• TISSUE (Fr. tissu, tissue, participle of tisser, Lat. texere, to weave)

tissue . Two distinct forms are known, (I) See also:

• ELEPHANTIASIS (Barbadoes leg; Boucnemia)

elephantiasis arabum, due to the development of living parasites, filaria sanguinis hominis (or filaria Bancrofti), and (z) the non-filarial See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form due to lymphatic obstruction from any other cause whatsoever, as See also:

• ERYSIPELAS

erysipelas, the See also:

• DEPOSIT (Lat. depositurn, from deponere, to lay down, to put in the care of)

deposit of tuberculous or cancerous material in the lymphatic glands, phlegmasia dolens (See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white See also:

• LEG
• LEG (a word of Scandinavian origin, from the Old Norwegian leggr, cf. Swed. lagg, Dan. laeg; the O. Eng. word was sceanca, shank)

leg), See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long-continued See also:

• ECZEMA (Gr. EKE a, a cutaneous eruption)

eczema, &c . The enlargement is limited to a particular See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• BODY

body, generally one, or in rare cases both of the See also:

• LOWER

lower limbs, occasion-ally the scrotum, one of the labiae or the mammary gland; far more rarely the See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face . An attack is usually ushered in by febrile disturbance (elephantoid See also:

• FEVER (Lat. febris, connected with fervere, to burn)

fever), the part attacked becoming rapidly swollen, and the skin tense and red as in erysipelas . The subcutaneous tissues become See also:

• FIRM

firm, infiltrated and hard, pitting only on considerable pressure . The skin becomes roughened with a network of dilated lymphatics, and vesicles and bullae may form, discharging a chyle-like fluid when broken (lymphorrhoea) . In a later See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage still the skin may be coarse and See also:

• WART (Lat. verruca)

wart-like, and there is a See also:

• GREAT

great tendency for varicose ulcers to form . At the end of a variable See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time enlargement ceases to take See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place, and the disease enters a quiescent See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state: but recrudescences occur at irregular intervals, always ushered in by elephantoid fever . At the end of some years the attacks of fever cease, and the affected part remains permanently swollen . The only difference in the See also:

• HISTORY

history of the two forms of the disease lies in the fact that the non-filarial form progresses steadily, until either the underlying See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition is cured, or in the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of See also:

• CANCER (" THE CRAB ")
• CANCER, LUIS (d. 1549)
• CANCER, or CARCINOMA (from Lat. cancer, Gr. KapKivwga, an eating ulcer)

cancer, &c., brings about a fatal issue . The elephantiasis due to filaria is spread by the agency of mosquitoes, in whose bodies the intermediate stage is passed . The dead See also:

• MOSQUITO (Span. mosquito, a gnat, diminutive of mosca, a fly)

mosquito falls upon the See also:

• WATER

water, which thus becomes infected, and hence the ova reach the human See also:

• STOMACH (Gr. vrbsaxos from arbga, a mouth)

stomach .

The See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young See also:

• WORM

worm develops, bores through the gastric mucous membrane and finally becomes lodged in the lymphatics; usually of one or other of the extremities . A large number of embryonic filariae are produced . Some remain in the lymphatic spaces and cause lymphatic obstruction, while others enter the See also:

• BLOOD

blood stream by See also:

• NIGHT

night (filaria nocturna), or by See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day (filaria diurna) . It is supposed that a mosquito, biting an infected See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person, itself becomes infected with the blood it abstracts, and that so a new See also:

• GENERATION (from Lat. generare, to beget, procreate; genus, stock, race)

generation is See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed . Treatment for this condition is unsatisfactory . Occasionally the dilated See also:

• LYMPH

lymph trunks can be found, and an operation per-formed to implant them in some vein (lymphangeioplasty) . And in some few other cases artificial lymphatics have been made by introducing sterilized See also:

• SILK

silk See also:

• THREAD (0. Eng. praed, literally, that which is twisted, prawan, to twist, to throw, cf. " throwster," a silk-winder, Ger. drehen, to twist, turn, Du. draad, Ger. Draht, thread, wire)

thread in the subcutaneous tissues of the affected part, and prolonging it into the normal tissues . This operation has been most successful when performed on elephantoid arms dependent on a See also:

• LATE

late stage of cancerous See also:

• BREAST (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. the Ger. Brust, possibly connected with an O. Sax. brustian, to bud)

breast . See also:

• ELEVATION

Elevation of the See also:

• LIMB

limb and elastic pressure should always be tried, but often amputation has to be resorted to in the end . The disease is totally different from the so-called elephantiasis graecorum or true leprosy, for which see LEPROSY . See also:

• ELEPHANT

ELEPHANT'S-See also:

• FOOT

FOOT, the popular name for the plant Testudinaria elephantipes, a native of the Cape of See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

Good See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

Hope . It takes its name from the large tuberous See also:

• STEM (O. Eng. staefn, stemn, cf. Du. stain, Ger. Stamm, &c., probably related to " staff ")

stem, which grows very slowly but often reaches a considerable See also:

• SIZE

size, e.g. more than 3 yds. in circumference with a height of nearly 3 ft. above ground .

It is See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich in See also:

• STARCH

starch, whence the name Hottentot See also:

• BREAD

bread, and is covered on the outside with thick, hard, corky plates . It develops slender, leafy, climbing shoots which See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die down each See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season . It is a member of the monocotyledonous See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order Dioscoreaceae;See also:

• HALF

half of the 17th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, when it became a centre for the See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade with See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia .