See also:

• ELGINSHIRE, or MORAY (Gaelic " among the sea-board men ")

ELGINSHIRE, or See also:

• MORAY

MORAY (Gaelic " among the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board men ")  , a See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county of See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland, bounded N. by the See also:

• MORAY

Moray See also:

• FIRTH, CHARLES HARDING (1857– )
• FIRTH, MARK (1819-1880)

Firth, E. and S.E. by See also:

• BANFFSHIRE

Banffshire, S. and S.W. by See also:

• INVERNESS

Inverness and W. by See also:

• NAIRNSHIRE

Nairnshire . It comprises only the eastern portion of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of Moray, which extended from the See also:

• SPEY

Spey to the See also:

• BEAULY (pronounced Bewley; a corruption of Beaulieu)

Beauly and from the See also:

• GRAMPIANS, THE

Grampians to the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea, embracing an See also:

• AREA

area of about 3900 sq. m . The area of the county is 305,119 acres, or 477 sq. m . See also:

• ELGINSHIRE, or MORAY (Gaelic " among the sea-board men ")

Elginshire is naturally divided into two sections, the level and fertile See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast and its See also:

• HINTERLAND (German for " the land behind ")

hinterland—" the Laigh o' Moray," a See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract 30 M. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long by from 5 to 12 M. broad—and the hilly See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country in the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south . There are, however, no high mountains . Carn Ruigh (1784 ft.), Larig See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

Hill (1783) and Carn Kitty (1711) are the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief eminences in the south-central See also:

• DISTRICT

district until the See also:

• RIDGE (a word. common to many Teutonic languages, meaning " back," whether of a man or an animal, cf. German Rucke)
• RIDGE, WILLIAM PETT (1864- )

ridge of the Cromdale Hills is reached on the Banffshire border, where the highest point is 2329 ft. above the sea . The two most important See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers, the Spey (q.v.) and the Findhorn, both have their See also:

• SOURCES

sources in Inverness-See also:

• SHIRE

shire . About 5o m. of the course of the Spey are in Elginshire, to which it may be roughly said to serve as the boundary See also:

• LINE

line on the south-See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east and east . The Findhorn rises in the Monadliadh Mountains which See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form the See also:

• WATERSHED

watershed for several See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles between it and the Spey . Of its See also:

• TOTAL

total course of nearly 70 M. only the last 12 are in the county, where it separates the See also:

• WOODS, LEONARD (1774-1854)
• WOODS, SIR ALBERT (1816-1904)

woods of Altyre from the See also:

• FOREST

Forest of Darnaway, before entering the Moray Firth in a See also:

• BAY

bay on the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-eastern See also:

• SHORE

shore to which it has given its name . During the first 7 M. of its flow in Elginshire the stream passes through some of the finest scenery in Scotland . It is liable to sudden risings, and in the memorable Moray floods of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1829 wrought the greatest havoc .

Of other rivers the Lossie rises in the small lakes on the flanks of Carn Kitty and pursues a very winding course of 34 M. till it reaches the Moray Firth; Ballintomb See also:

• BURN, RICHARD (1709-1785)

Burn, See also:

• ROTHES, EARLS OF

Rothes Burn and Tulchan Burn are See also:

• LEFT

left-See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand affluents of the Spey; the Dorbock and Divie, uniting their forces near Dunphail See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House, join the Find-See also:

• HORN
• HORN (a common Teutonic word, cognate with Lat. cornu; cf. Gr. Kipas)
• HORN (Lat. cornu; corresponding terms being Fr. cor, trompe; Ger. Horn; Ital. corno)
• HORN, ARVID BERNHARD, COUNT (1664-1742)
• HORN, PHILIP DE MONTMORENCY, COUNT

horn at Relugas; and Muckle See also:

• WATER

Water, a left-hand tributary of the Findhorn, comes from Nairnshire . The Spey and Findhorn are famous for See also:

• SALMON
• SALMON, GEORGE (1819-1904)

salmon, but some of the smaller streams, too, afford See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• SPORT (a contracted or shortened form of "disport," to amuse, divert oneself, O. Fr. se dis porter or deporter, to leave off work, hence to play, Lat. dis-, away, and portare, to carry; the origin of the meaning lies in the notion of turning away from ser

sport . The lochs are few and unimportant, among them being See also:

• LOCH, HENRY BROUGHAM LOCH, 1ST BARON (1827-1900)

Loch Spynie, 22 M . N., and Loch-na-Bo, 4 M . S.E. of See also:

• ELGIN

Elgin; Loch of Blairs, 22 m . S. of See also:

• FORRES (Gaelic, far uis, " near water ")

Forres; Loch Romach, 3 M . S. of Rafford; Loch See also:

• DALLAS
• DALLAS, ALEXANDER JAMES (1759-1817)
• DALLAS, GEORGE MIFFLIN (1792-1864)

Dallas, about 4 m . S.W. of Dallas, and Lochindorb in the S.W., 6 m . N.N.W. of See also:

• GRANTOWN

Grantown . Loch Spynie was once a See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

lake extending from the Firth to within 22 M. of Elgin and covering an area of over 2000 acres . Its shores were the haunt of a See also:

• GREAT

great variety of birds, and its See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters were full of salmon, sea-See also:

• TROUT (Salmo trutta)

trout and See also:

• PIKE
• PIKE, ZEBULON MONTGOMERY (1779-1813)

pike . But See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in the 19th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century it was resolved to reclaim the See also:

• LAND

land, and the drainage See also:

• WORKS

works then undertaken reduced the beautiful loch to a swamp of some 120 acres .

Lochindorb is now the largest lake, being 2 M. in length and fully a m. wide . In the upper end, on an See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island believed to be artificial, stand the ruins of Lochindorb See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle, in the 14th century the stronghold of the See also:

• WOLF
• WOLF (Canis lupus)
• WOLF, FRIEDRICH AUGUST (1759-1824)
• WOLF, HUGO (1860-1903)
• WOLF, JOSEPH (1820-1899)

Wolf of See also:

• BADENOCH

Badenoch, and afterwards successively the See also:

• PROPERTY

property of the See also:

• EARL

earl of Moray, the Campbells of See also:

• CAWDOR

Cawdor and the earl of See also:

• SEAFIELD, EARLS OF

Seafield . See also:

• SIR

Sir Thcmas See also:

• DICK, ROBERT
• DICK, THOMAS (1774-1857)

Dick See also:

• LAUDER
• LAUDER, SIR THOMAS DICK
• LAUDER, WILLIAM (d. 1771)

Lauder saw at Cawdor Castle a massive See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron See also:

• GATE

gate which, according to tradition, Sir Donald See also:

• CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER (1788–1866)
• CAMPBELL, BEATRICE STELLA (Mrs PATRICK CAMPBELL) (1865– )
• CAMPBELL, GEORGE (1719–1796)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN
• CAMPBELL, JOHN (1708-1775)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN CAMPBELL, BARON (1779-1861)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN FRANCIS
• CAMPBELL, LEWIS (1830-1908)
• CAMPBELL, REGINALD JOHN (1867— )
• CAMPBELL, THOMAS (1777—1844)

Campbell of Cawdor carried on his back from Lochindorb to Cawdor, a distance of 13 M . In the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• HALF

half of the county, amongst the hills, are several glens, among them the Glen of Rothes, Glen Lossie, Glen Gheallaidh, Glen Tulchan and Glen Beag . Strathspey, though more of a valley than a glen, is remarkable for its extent and beauty . See also:

• GEOLOGY (from Gr. yp7, the earth, and Abyor, science)

Geology.—This county may be divided geologically into two areas, the hilly region to the south being composed of the crystalline See also:

• SCHISTS (Gr. vxq'ecv, to split)

schists of the Central See also:

• HIGHLANDS, THE

Highlands and the fertile See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain of Moray being made up of Old Red See also:

• SANDSTONE

Sandstone and Triassic strata . In the Cromdale Hills in the south-east of the county the metamorphic See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series comprises schistose See also:

• QUARTZITE

quartzite, See also:

• QUARTZ

quartz-schists, micaceous flagstones and See also:

• MICA

mica-schists, which are granulitic and holocrystalline, the dark laminae in some cases containing heavy residues such as See also:

• ILMENITE

ilmenite and See also:

• ZIRCON

zircon . The greater portion of the metamorphic area See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of the Spey consists of granulitic quartz-See also:

• BIOTITE

biotite-granulites and bands of See also:

• MUSCOVITE

muscovite-biotite-schist belonging to the Moine series of the See also:

• GEOLOGICAL

Geological Survey (see SCOTLAND: Geology) . In certain areas theseare permeated by granitic material in the form of thin strings, knots and See also:

• VEINS

veins . Excellent sections of these rocks are exposed in the Findhorn, the Divie and the tributaries of the Spey . Near Gran-See also:

• TOWN

town there is a See also:

• GROUP

group locally See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed, comprising crystalline See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone with See also:

• TREMOLITE

tremolite, kyanite See also:

• GNEISS

gneiss, muscovite-hiotite-schist and quartzite, the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age and relations of which are still uncertain . The See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general strike of the crystalline schists, See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save where there are See also:

• LOCAL

local deflections, is north-east and south-west, and the general See also:

• DIP (Old Eng. dyppan, connected with the common Teutonic root seen in " deep ")

dip is to the south-east .

Between Lochindorb and Grantown there is a See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass of See also:

• GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite belonging to the later intrusions of the Highlands represented by the See also:

• CAIRNGORM

Cairngorm granite . Within the county there are representatives of the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle and upper divisions of the Old Red Sandstone resting unconformably on the crystalline schists . The strata of the middle or Orcadian series consist of conglomerates, sandstones, shales and See also:

• CLAYS, PAUL JEAN (1819-1900)

clays, with limestone nodules containing See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish remains . This sequence is well displayed in the See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks of the Spey north of See also:

• BOAT (0. Eng. bdt; the true etymological connexion with Dutch and Ger. boot, Fr. bateau, Ital. battello presents great difficulties; Celtic forms are from O. Eng.)

Boat of See also:

• BRIDGE

Bridge and in the Tynet Burn east of See also:

• FOCHABERS

Fochabers, the latter being one of the well-known localities for ichthyolites in the middle or Orcadian See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division . In the Tynet and Gollachie Burn sections, the fish See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed is overlaid by conglomerates and red pebbly sandstones, passing upwards into a thin See also:

• ZONE (Gr. 'WV77, a girdle, from 'wvvLvay to gird)

zone of See also:

• ANDESITE

andesite lavas, indicating contemporaneous volcanic See also:

• ACTION

action . West of the Tynet Burn and Spey sections there is no trace of the members of the Orcadian division till we reach the Muckle Burn and Lethen See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

Bar in Nairnshire, save the coarse See also:

• CONGLOMERATE (from the Lat. conglomerare, to form into a ball, glomus, glomeris; so also the general term " conglomeration " for a miscellaneous collection of things, gathered together in a mass)

conglomerate filling the ancient hollow of the valley of Rothes which may belong to the middle series . In that direction they are overlapped by the Upper Old Red Sandstone, which in the See also:

• RIVER

river Lossie, in the Lochty Burn and the Findhorn See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest directly on the metamorphic rocks . Even to the south of the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main boundary of the upper division there are small outliers of that series resting on the crystalline schists . Hence there must be a discordance between the Middle and Upper Old Red Sandstone in this county . The strata of the upper division consist of red, See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

grey and yellow false-bedded sandstones with conglomeratic bands, which are well seen in the Findhorn between Sluie and Cothall, where they are associated with a bed of cornstone, all dipping to the N.N.W. at See also:

• GENTLE (through the Fr. gentil, from Lat. gentilis, belonging to the same gens, or family)

gentle angles . South of Elgin they are exposed in the Lossie and at Scaat See also:

• CRAIG, JOHN (1512 ?-1600)
• CRAIG, SIR THOMAS (c. 1538–1608)

Craig, while to the north of that town they extend along the ridge from Bishopmill to Alves . By means of the fish remains, which occur at Scaat Craig, in the Bishopmill quarries, at Alves, in the Findhorn cliffs and in the Whitemyre See also:

• QUARRY

quarry on the Muckle Burn, the Upper Old Red Sandstone in this county is arranged in two See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups, the Alves and Rosebrae .

In the area lying to the north of the Upper Old Red Sandstone ridge at Bishopmill and Quarry-See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood, the strata of Triassic age occur, where they consist of See also:

• PALE (through Fr. pal, from Lat. palms, a stake, for paglus, from the stem pag- of pangere, to fix; " pole " is from the same original source)

pale grey and yellow sandstones and a See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar cherty and calcareous See also:

• BAND

band, known as the cherty See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock of Stotfield . The,sandstones are visible in quarries on the north slope of Quarry Wood, at Findrassie, at Spynie and along the ridge and sea-shore between Burghead and See also:

• LOSSIEMOUTH

Lossiemouth . They are invested with See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• INTEREST

interest on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the remarkabfe series of reptilian remains obtained from them, 'comprising Stagonolepis, a See also:

• CROCODILE

crocodile allied to the See also:

• MODERN

modern caiman in form; Telerpeton and Hyperedapedon, See also:

• SPECIES

species of lizards; Dicynodonts (Gordonia and Geikia) and a horned reptile, Elginia mirabilis (see SCOTLAND: Geology) . The palaeontological See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence points to the conclusion that these reptiliferous sandstones must belong in See also:

• PART

part to the Trias, indeed it is possible that the See also:

• LOWER

lower portion may be of See also:

• PERMIAN

Permian age . In the Cutties Hillock quarry west of Elgin these reptiliferous beds rest directly on the sandstones containing Holoptychius of Upper Old Red Sandstone age, so that the apparent conformability must be entirely deceptive . Within the area occupied by the Trias west of Stotfield, flagstones appear, charged with fish scales of Upper Old Red age, where they form a See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low ridge protruding through the younger strata . Both the Upper Old Red and Triassic sandstones have been largely quarried for See also:

• BUILDING

building purposes . On the shore at Lossiemouth there is a patch of greenish See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white sandstones yielding fossils characteristic of the Lower Oolite . The glacial deposits distributed over the fertile plain of Moray and in the upland valleys are of interest . The low grounds were crossed by the See also:

• ICE (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Eis)

ice descending the Moray Firth in an easterly and south-easterly direction, which carried boulders of granite from Strath See also:

• NAIRN

Nairn and augen gneiss from See also:

• EASTER

Easter See also:

• ROSS
• ROSS, ALEXANDER (1699-1784)
• ROSS, GEORGE WILLIAM (1841- )
• ROSS, JOHN, or KOOESKOOWE (179o-1866)
• ROSS, ROBERT (1766-1814)
• ROSS, SIR HEW DALRYMPLE (1779-1868)
• ROSS, SIR JAMES CLARK (1800-1862)
• ROSS, SIR JOHN (1777-1856)

Ross . In the Elgin district, boulders belonging to the horizons of the Lower and Middle See also:

• LIAS

Lias, the See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

Clay and the Upper See also:

• CHALK

Chalk are found both in the glacial deposits and on the See also:

• SURFACE

surface of the ground . The largest trans-ported mass occurs at Linksfield, where a See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession of limestones and shales rests on See also:

• BOULDER
• BOULDER (short for " boulder-stone," of uncertain origin; cf. Swed. bullersten, a large stone which causes a noise of rippling water in a stream, from bullra, to make a loud noise)

boulder clay and is covered by it, which from the fossils may be of See also:

• RHAETIC (Fr. Rhetien or Rhcetien; Ger. Rhdt or Rhktisch; It. Retico)

Rhaetic or Lower Lias age .

See also:

• CLIMATE

Climate and See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

Agriculture.—The climate of the coast is equable and mild, even See also:

• EXOTIC (Gr. EWTIK6s, foreign, from few, outside)

exotic fruits ripening readily in the open . The uplands are colder and See also:

• DAMP

damp: The See also:

• AVERAGE

average temperature in See also:

• JANUARY

January is 38° F. and in See also:

• JULY

July 58.5°, while for the See also:

• YEAR

year the mean is 47° F . The rainfall for the year averages 26 in . Considering its See also:

• LATITUDE (Lat. latitudo, latus, broad)

latitude and the extent of its arable land the See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard of farming in Elginshire is high . The See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich See also:

• SOIL

soil of the lowlands is well adapted for See also:

• WHEAT
• WHEAT (Triticum)

wheat, See also:

• BARLEY (Hordeum sativum)

barley and oats The acreage confined to the glens and straths under barley approximates that under oats . In the uplands, oats is the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal cereal . The breeding of live-stock is profitable, and some of the finest specimens of shorthorned and polled See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle and of crosses between the two are bred . On the larger farms in the Laigh See also:

• LEICESTER
• LEICESTER, EARLS OF
• LEICESTER, ROBERT DUDLEY, EARL
• LEICESTER, ROBERT SIDNEY, EARL OF (1563-1626)
• LEICESTER, THOMAS WILLIAM COKE, EARL OF (1754-1842)

Leicester See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep are kept all the year See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round, but in the uplands the Blackfaced take their See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place . Large See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers of horses and pigs are also raised . Other See also:

• INDUSTRIES

Industries.—See also:

• WHISKY, or WHISKEY

Whisky is the chief product, and the numerous distilleries are usually busy . There are woollen See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills at Elgin and elsewhere and chemical works at Forres and See also:

• BURG

Burg-See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head . Owing to the See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence of See also:

• COAL

coal what little See also:

• MINERAL

mineral See also:

• WEALTH

wealth there is (iron and See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead) cannot be remuneratively worked .

The sandstone quarries, yielding a building-See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone of See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior quality, are practically inexhaustible . The plantations mainly consist of See also:

• LARCH (from the Ger. Larche, M.H.G. Lerche, Lat. larix)

larch and See also:

• FIR

fir and, to a smaller extent, of See also:

• OAK (O. Eng., (lc)

oak . Much See also:

• TIMBER

timber was once floated down the Spey and other rivers, but, since the increased facilities of See also:

• CARRIAGE

carriage afforded by the See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways, trees have been felled on a wider See also:

• SCALE
• SCALE (1) A

scale . Boat-building is carried on at Burghead, Lossiemouth and See also:

• KINGSTON
• KINGSTON, ELIZABETH, DUCHESS OF (1720-1788)
• KINGSTON, WILLIAM HENRY GILES (1814-188o)

Kingston—so-called from the fact that a See also:

• FIRM

firm from Kingston-on-See also:

• HULL
• HULL (in O.Eng. hulu, from helan, to cover, cf. Ger. Hiille, covering)
• HULL (officially KINGSTON-UPON-HULL)
• HULL, ISAAC (1775-1843)

Hull laid down a yard there in 1784—while at Garmouth the fishing See also:

• FLEET

fleet lies up during the See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter and is also repaired there . The Firth See also:

• FISHERIES

fisheries are of considerable value . The boats go out from Findhorn, Burghead, Hopeman and Lossiemouth, which are all furnished with safe harbours . Findhorn has been twice vsited by calamities . The first See also:

• VILLAGE

village was overwhelmed by the drifting sands of Culbin, and the second was buried beneath the waves in 1701 . Kingston See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour is tidal, exposed, and liable to interruption from a shifting bar . The deep sea fisheries comprise See also:

• HADDOCK (Gadus aeglefinus)

haddock, See also:

• COD

cod, See also:

• LING, PER HENRIK (1776-1839)

ling and See also:

• HERRING (Clupea harengus, Haring in German, le hareng in French, sill in Swedish)

herring, and the Spey, Findhorn and Lossie yield large quantities of salmon . The Great North of Scotland railway enters the shire in the S.E. from Craigellachie, whence a See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch runs up the Spey to Boat of Garten in Inverness-shire, and in the N.E. from See also:

• PORT

Port See also:

• GORDON
• GORDON, ADAM LINDSAY (1833—1870)
• GORDON, ALEXANDER (c. 1692—c. 1754)
• GORDON, CHARLES GEORGE (1833-'885)
• GORDON, LEON
• GORDON, LORD GEORGE (1751-1793)
• GORDON, PATRICK (1635–1699)
• GORDON, SIR JOHN WATSON (1788—1864)

Gordon, See also:

• RUNNING

running in both cases to Elgin, from which a branch line extends to Lossiemouth . The Highland railway traverses the western limits of the shire running almost due north to Forres, whence it turns westward to Nairn and eastward to Elgin .

From the county town it runs to See also:

• ABERDEEN
• ABERDEEN, GEORGE GORDON, 1ST EARL O (1637-1720)
• ABERDEEN, GEORGE HAMILTON GORDON, 4TH EARL

Aberdeen via Orbliston and See also:

• KEITH
• KEITH, FRANCIS EDWARD JAMES (1696-1758)
• KEITH, GEORGE (c. 1639-1716)
• KEITH, GEORGE KEITH ELPHINSTONE, VISCOUNT (1746-1823)

Keith, with a branch to Fochabers from Orbliston . See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

Population and See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

Government.—The population was 43,471 in 1891 and 44,800 in 1901, when 1865 persons spoke both Gaelic and See also:

• ENGLISH

English, and 2 spoke Gaelic only . The chief towns are Elgin (pop. in 19oi, 8460), Forres (4313) and Lossiemouth (3904), to which may be added Rothes (1621), Grantown (1568) and Burghead (1531) . In See also:

• CONJUNCTION (from Lat. conjungere, to join together)

conjunction with Nairnshire the county returns one member to See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament . Elgin and Forres are royal burghs; the municipal and See also:

• POLICE (Fr. police, government, civil administration, a police force, Gr. sroXumeia, constitution, condition of a state, roars, city, state)

police burghs include Burghead, Elgin, Forres, Grantown, Lossiemouth, and Rothes . Elginshire is included in one sheriffdom with Inverness and Nairn, and there is a See also:

• RESIDENT

resident See also:

• SHERIFF

sheriff-substitute at Elgin . The county is under school-See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction, several of the See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools earning grants for higher See also:

• EDUCATION

education . There are See also:

• ACADEMIES

academies at Elgin and Fochabers and See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science and See also:

• ART

art and technical schools at Elgin and Grantown . The bulk of the " See also:

• RESIDUE (through the French, from the Lat. residuum, a remainder, from residere, to remain)

residue " See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant is spent in subsidizing the agricultural See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of Aberdeen University and the science schools and art and technical classes in the county . See also:

• HISTORY

History.—Moray, in the wider sense, was first peopled by Picts of the Gaelic branch of Celts, of whom See also:

• RELICS (Lat, reliquiae, the equivalent of the English " remains " in the sense of a dead body)

relics are found in the stone circle at Viewfield and at many places in Nairnshire . See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity, introduced under the auspices of See also:

• COLUMBA, SAINT (Irish, Colum)

Columba (from whose See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time the site of Burghead See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church has probably been so occupied), flourished for a See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period until the See also:

• COLUMBAN (543-615)

Columban church was expelled in 717 by See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King Nectan . Thereafter the district was given over to internecine strife between the northern and southern Picts, which was ended by the crushing victory of See also:

• KENNETH

Kenneth See also:

• MACALPINE (or MACCABEUS), JOHN (d. 1557)

MacAlpine in 831, as one result of which the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of Pictavia was superseded by the principality of See also:

• MORAVIA (Ger., Ma/wen; Czech, Morava)

Moravia .

Still, settled See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order had not yet been secured, for the Norsemen raided the country first under Thorstein and then under two Sigurds . It was in the time of the second See also:

• SIGURD (Sigur6r)

Sigurd that the Firthwas fixed as the northern boundary of Moray . In spite of such interruptions as the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of Torfness (Burghead) on the 14th of August 1040, in which Thorfinn, earl of See also:

• ORKNEY, EARL OF
• ORKNEY, ELIZABETH HAMILTON, COUNTESS OF
• ORKNEY, GEORGE HAMILTON, EARL OF (1666–1737)

Orkney and See also:

• SHETLAND, or ZETLAND

Shetland, overthrew a strong force of Scots under King See also:

• DUNCAN
• DUNCAN, ADAM DUNCAN, 1ST VISCOUNT (1731-1804)
• DUNCAN, PETER MARTIN (1824-1891)
• DUNCAN, THOMAS (1807—1845)

Duncan, the consolidation of the kingdom was being gradually accomplished . After See also:

• MACBETH

Macbeth ascended the See also:

• THRONE

throne the Scandinavians held their hands . Though Macbeth and his faineant successor, " daft " Lulach, were the only See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings whom Moray gave to See also:

• SCOT, MICHAEL (? 1175-1232)

Scot-land, the province never lacked for able, if headstrong, men, and it continued to enjoy See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home See also:

• RULE

rule under its own marmaer, or great steward (the See also:

• EQUIVALENT

equivalent of earl, the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title that replaced it), until the See also:

• DAWN (the 16th-century form of the earlier " Jawing " or " dawning," from an old verb " daw," O. Eng. dagian, to become day; cf. Dutch dagen, and Ger. tagen)

dawn of the 12th century, when as an entity it ceased to exist . With a view to breaking up the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of the marmaers See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David I. and his successors colonized the seaboard with settlers from other parts of the kingdom . Nevertheless, from time to time the clansmen and their chiefs descended from their fastnesses and plundered the Laigh, keeping the See also:

• PEOPLE

people for generations in a See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of panic . Meanwhile, the Church had become a civilizing force . In 1107 See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander had founded the see of Moray and the churches of Birnie, Kinneddar and Spynie were in turn the See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral of the early bishops, until in 1224 under the episcopate of See also:

• ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly)
• ANDREW, JOHN ALBION (1818-1867)

Andrew of Moray (de Moravia), the church of the See also:

• HOLY

Holy Trinity in Elgin was chosen for the cathedral . Another See also:

• FACTOR (from Lat. facere, to make or do)

factor that See also:

• DREW
• DREW, SAMUEL (1765-1833)

drew men together was the struggle for See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence . In his effort to See also:

• STAMP (from " to stamp," to strike or tread heavily, hence to impress, O. Eng. stempen, Du. stampen, Ger. stampfen, whence, O. Fr. estamper, mod. etamper)

stamp out Scottish See also:

• NATIONALITY

nationality See also:

• EDWARD

Edward I. came as far north as Elgin, where he stayed for four days in July 1296, and whence he issued his See also:

• WRIT (O. Eng. gewrit, writ, from writan, to write)

writ for the parliament at See also:

• BERWICK, JAMES FITZJAMES

Berwick . See also:

• WALLACE, ALFRED RUSSEL (1823— )
• WALLACE, LEWIS [LEW] (1827—1905)
• WALLACE, SIR RICHARD
• WALLACE, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1270-1305)
• WALLACE, WILLIAM (1768-1843)
• WALLACE, WILLIAM (1844-1897)
• WALLACE, WILLIAM VINCENT (1814-1865)

Wallace, however, had no doughtier supporter than Sir Andrew Moray of See also:

• BOTHWELL
• BOTHWELL, JAMES HEPBURN, 4TH EARL OF

Bothwell, and See also:

• BRUCE
• BRUCE, ALEXANDER BALMAIN (1831-1899)
• BRUCE, JAMES (1930-1794)
• BRUCE, MICHAEL (1746-1767)

Bruce recognized the assistance he had received from the men of the north by erecting Moray into an earldom on the morrow of See also:

• BANNOCKBURN

Bannockburn and bestowing it upon See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• RANDOLPH, EDMUND [JENNINGS] (1753–1813)
• RANDOLPH, JOHN (1773–1833)
• RANDOLPH, PEYTON (1721-1775)
• RANDOLPH, THOMAS (1523-1590)
• RANDOLPH, THOMAS (1605-1635)

Randolph (see MORAY, THOMAS RANDOLPH, EARL OF) .

Henceforward the history of the county resolved itself in the main into matters affecting the power -of the Church and the ambit ions of theMoray dynasties . The Church accepted the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation peacefully if not with gratitude . But there was strife between See also:

• COVENANTERS

Covenanters and the adherents of See also:

• EPISCOPACY (from Late Lat. episcopatus, the office of a bishop, episcopas)

Episcopacy until, prelacy itself being abolished in 1689, the bishopric of Moray came to an end after an existence of 581 years . (For the subsequent history of the earldom, which was successively held by the Randolphs, the Dunbars, the Douglases, the royal Stewarts and an illegitimate branch of the Stewarts, see See also:

• MURRAY
• MURRAY (or MORAY), EARLS OF
• MURRAY (or MORAY), JAMES STUART, EARL OF (c. 1531-1570)
• MURRAY (or MORAY), SIR ROBERT (c. 1600-1673)
• MURRAY, ALEXANDER STUART (1841-1904)
• MURRAY, DAVID (1849– )
• MURRAY, EUSTACE CLARE GRENVILLE (1824–1881)
• MURRAY, JAMES (c. 1719-1794)
• MURRAY, JOHN
• MURRAY, JOHN (1778–1820)
• MURRAY, LINDLEY (1745–1826)
• MURRAY, LORD GEORGE (1694–1760)
• MURRAY, SIR JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY (1837– )
• MURRAY, SIR JOHN (1841– )

MURRAY or MORAY, EARLS or.) Other celebrated Moray families who played a more or less. strenuous part in local politics were the Gordons, the Grants and the Duffs . Still, See also:

• NATIONAL

national affairs occasionally evoked interest in Moray . In the See also:

• CIVIL

civil See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war See also:

• MONTROSE
• MONTROSE, JAMES GRAHAM, MARQUESS OF (1612—1650)
• MONTROSE, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF

Montrose ravaged the villages which stood for the Covenanters, but most of the great lairds shifted in their See also:

• ALLEGIANCE (Mid. Eng. ligeaunce; med. Lat. ligeantia, &c.; the al- was probably added through confusion with another legal term, allegeance, an allegation; the Fr. allegeance comes from the English; the word is formed from " liege," of which the derivatio

allegiance, and the mass of the people were quite indifferent to the declining fortunes of the Stewarts . See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles II. landed at Garmouth on the 3rd of July 165o on his return from his first See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile in See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland, but hurried southwards to try the yoke of See also:

• PRESBYTERY

Presbytery . The fight at Cromdale (May See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, 1690) shattered the Jacobite cause, for the efforts in 1715 and 1745 were too spasmodic and half-hearted to affect the See also:

• LOYALTY

loyalty of the district to Hanoverian rule . A few See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks before See also:

• CULLODEN

Culloden See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince Charles Edward