See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

CHARLES See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

WILLIAM See also:

• CHARLES WILLIAM ELIOT (1834– )
• ELIOT, GEORGE
• ELIOT, JOHN (1604-1690)
• ELIOT, SIR JOHN (1592-1632)

ELIOT (1834– )  , See also:

• AMERICAN

American educationalist, the son of See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel Atkins See also:

• ELIOT, CHARLES WILLIAM (1834– )
• ELIOT, GEORGE
• ELIOT, JOHN (1604-1690)
• ELIOT, SIR JOHN (1592-1632)

Eliot (1798–1862), See also:

• MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)
• MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825– )

mayor of See also:

• BOSTON
• BOSTON, THOMAS (1676-1732)

Boston, representative in See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

Congress, and in 1842–1853 treasurer of Harvard, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born, in Boston on the loth of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1834 . He graduated in 1853 at Harvard See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, where he was successively See also:

• TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor (1854-1858) and assistant See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of See also:

• CHEMISTRY
• CHEMISTRY (formerly "chymistry"; Gr. xvµela; for derivation see ALCHEMY)

chemistry (1858–1863) . He studied chemistry and See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign educational methods in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe in 1863-1865, was professor of See also:

• ANALYTICAL

analytical chemistry in the newly established See also:

• MASSACHUSETTS (an Indian name, originally applied to a tribe of Indians)

Massachusetts See also:

• INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

Institute of Technology (1865-1869), although absent fourteen months in Europe in 1867–1868; and in 1869 was elected See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of Harvard University, a choice remarkable at once for his youth and his being a layman and scientist . With Johns See also:

• HOPKINS, EDWARD WASHBURN (1857— )
• HOPKINS, ESEK (1718-18oz)
• HOPKINS, MARK (1802—1887)
• HOPKINS, SAMUEL (1721–1803)
• HOPKINS, WILLIAM (1793–1866)

Hopkins University, Harvard, in his See also:

• PRESIDENCY

presidency, led in the See also:

• WORK

work of efficient See also:

• GRADUATE (Med. Lat. graduale, to admit to an academical degree, gradus)

graduate See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools . Its elective See also:

• SYSTEM

system, which has spread far, although not originated by President Eliot, was thoroughly established by him, and is only one of many See also:

• RADICAL (Lat. radix, a root)

radical changes which he championed with See also:

• GREAT

great success . The raising of entrance requirements, which led to a corresponding raising of the See also:

• STANDARDS

standards of secondary schools, and the introduction of an 3 Understood in See also:

• ECCLES

Eccles. xlviii . 12 (Heb.) to mean that See also:

• ELISHA (a Hebrew name meaning " God is deliverance ")

Elisha was twice as great as See also:

• ELIJAH (a Hebrew name meaning " Yah[weh] is God ")

Elijah . See also:

• ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

element of choice in these entrance requirements, which allowed a limited See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election of studies to secondary pupils, became See also:

• NATIONAL

national tendencies primarily through President Eliot's potent See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence . As chairman of a national See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

Committee of Ten (189o) on secondary school studies, he urged the See also:

• ABANDONMENT (Fr. abandonnement, from abandonner, to abandon, relinquish; abandonner was originally equivalent to mettred banddn, to leave to the jurisdiction, i.e. of another, bandon being from Low Latin bandum, bannum, order, decree, " ban ")

abandonment of brief disconnected " See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information " courses, the correlation of subjects taught, the equal See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank in college requirements of subjects in which equal See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, consecutiveness and concentration were demanded, and a more thorough study of See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition; and to a large degree he secured national See also:

• SANCTION (Lat. sanctia, from sancire, to decree or ordain)

sanction for these reforms and their working out by experts into a practicable and applicable system . He laboured to unify the entire educational system, minimize See also:

• PRESCRIPTION

prescription, See also:

• CAST (from the verb meaning " to throw "; the word is Scand. in origin, cf. Dan. kaste, and Swed. kasta; " cast " in Middle Eng. took the place of the A.S. weor pan, cf. Ger. werf en)

cast out monotony, and introduce freedom and See also:

• ENTHUSIASM

enthusiasm; and he emphasized the need of See also:

• SPECIAL

special training for special work . He was first to suggest (1894) co-operation by colleges in holding See also:

• COMMON

common entrance See also:

• EXAMINATIONS

examinations throughout the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, and it was largely through his efforts that standards were so approximated that this became possible . He contended that secondary schools maintained by public funds should shape their courses for the benefit of students whose See also:

• EDUCATION

education goes no further than such high schools, and not be See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere training schools for the See also:

• UNIVERSITIES

universities .

His success as See also:

• ADMINISTRATOR

administrator and See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of affairs and as an educational reformer made him one of the great figures of his time, in whose opinions on any topic the deepest See also:

• INTEREST

interest was See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt throughout the country . In See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 19(38 he resigned the presidency of Harvard, and retired from the position See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in 1909, when he was succeeded by Professor See also:

• ABBOTT
• ABBOTT, EMMA (1849-1891)
• ABBOTT, JACOB (1803-1879)
• ABBOTT, JOHN STEVENS CABOT (1805-1877)
• ABBOTT, LYMAN (1835- )

Abbott See also:

• LAWRENCE
• LAWRENCE (LAURENTIUS, LORENZO), ST
• LAWRENCE, AMOS (1786—1852)
• LAWRENCE, AMOS ADAMS (1814–1886)
• LAWRENCE, GEORGE ALFRED (1827–1876)
• LAWRENCE, JOHN LAIRD MAIR LAWRENCE, 1ST BARON (1811-1879)
• LAWRENCE, SIR HENRY MONTGOMERY (1806–1857)
• LAWRENCE, SIR THOMAS (1769–1830)
• LAWRENCE, STRINGER (1697–1775)

Lawrence . See also:

• LOWELL
• LOWELL, ABBOTT LAWRENCE (1856— )
• LOWELL, CHARLES RUSSELL (1835-1864)
• LOWELL, JAMES RUSSELL (1819-1891)
• LOWELL, JOHN (1743-1802)

Lowell . In See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1908 he was elected president of the National See also:

• CIVIL

Civil Service Reform See also:

• LEAGUE

League . His writings include The Happy See also:

• LIFE

Life (1896); Five American Contributions to See also:

• CIVILIZATION

Civilization, and Other Essays and Addresses (1897); Educational Reform, Essays and Addresses 1869–1897 (1898) ; More See also:

• MONEY

Money for the Public Schools (1903); Four American Leaders (1906), chapters on See also:

• FRANKLIN
• FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN (1706-1790)
• FRANKLIN, SIR JOHN (1786-1847)
• FRANKLIN, WILLIAM BUEL (1823-1903)

Franklin, See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington, See also:

• CHANNING, WILLIAM ELLERY (1780–1842)

Channing and See also:

• EMERSON, RALPH WALDO (1803-1882)
• EMERSON, WILLIAM (1701-1782)

Emerson; University See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

Administration (1908); and with F . H . Storer, a Compendious See also:

• MANUAL

Manual of Qualitative Chemical See also:

• ANALYSIS (Gr. avci and Meta, to break up into parts)

Analysis (Boston, 1869; many times reissued and revised) . His See also:

• ANNUAL

annual reports as President of Harvard were notable contributions to the literature of education in See also:

• AMERICA

America, and he delivered numerous public addresses, many of which have been reprinted . See " President Eliot's Administration," by different hands, a See also:

• SUMMARY

summary of his work at Harvard in 1869–1894, in The Harvard Graduates' See also:

• MAGAZINE

Magazine, vol . 2, pp . 449-504 (Boston, See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

Mass., 1894) ; and E . Kuhnemann, See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles W .

Eliot, President of Harvard (Boston,19o9) . His son, CHARLES ELIOT (1859–1897), graduated at Harvard in 1882, studied landscape See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture at the Bussey Institution of Harvard and in Europe, successfully urged the See also:

• INCORPORATION (from Lat. incorporare, to form into a body)

incorporation of the Massachusetts Trustees of Public Reservations (1891) and of the See also:

• METROPOLITAN (Lat. metropolitanus, Gr. µnrpoiroXtrns)

Metropolitan See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

Park See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

Commission (1892) of Boston, became landscape architect to the Metropolitan Park Commission in 1892, and in 1893, with F . L . See also:

• OLMSTED, DENISON (1791-1859)
• OLMSTED, F
• OLMSTED, FREDERICK LAW (1822-1903)

Olmsted and J . C . Olmsted, formed the See also:

• FIRM

firm of Olmsted, Olmsted & Eliot, which was employed by the Metropolitan Commission . His life was written by his See also:

• FATHER

father, Charles Eliot, Landscape Architect (Boston, 1902) .