ELVAS  , an episcopal See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city and frontier fortress of See also:

• PORTUGAL

Portugal, in the See also:

• DISTRICT

district of See also:

• PORTALEGRE

Portalegre and formerly included in the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• ALEMTEJO (i.e. " Beyond the Tagus ")

Alemtejo; 170 M . E. of See also:

• LISBON (Lisboa)

Lisbon, and lo m . W. of the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish fortress of See also:

• BADAJOZ
• BADAJOZ (formerly sometimes written Badajos)

Badajoz, by the See also:

• MADRID

Madrid-Badajoz-Lisbon railway . Pop . (1900) 13,981 . Elvas is finely situated on a See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill 5 M . N.W. of the See also:

• RIVER

river See also:

• GUADIANA (anc. Anas, Moorish Wadi Ana)

Guadiana . It is defended by seven bastions and the two forts of See also:

• SANTA

Santa Luzia and Nossa Senhora da Graca . Its See also:

• LATE

late See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral, which has also many traces of Moorish See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence in its See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture, See also:

• DATES

dates from the reign of See also:

• EMMANUEL, or IMMANUEL

Emmanuel I . (1495–1521) . A See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• AQUEDUCT (Lat. aqua, water, and ducere, to lead; Gr. apaymryeiov, apayeeywov, vlrovopos)

aqueduct, 4 M. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long, supplies the city with pure See also:

• WATER

water; it was begun See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in the 15th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century and completed in 1622 . For some distance it includes four tiers of super-imposed See also:

• ARCHES, COURT OF

arches, with a See also:

• TOTAL

total height of 120 ft .

The surrounding lowlands are very fertile, and Elvas is celebrated for its excellent See also:

• OLIVES, MOUNT OF, or MOUNT OLIVET ("Opus 'EXc uwos or riov 'EXauav; mod. Jebel-et-Tur)

olives and plums, the last-named being exported, either fresh or dried, in large quantities . See also:

• BRANDY

Brandy is distilled and pottery manufactured in the city . The fortress of Campo Maior, 10 m . N.E., is famous for its See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege by the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French and See also:

• RELIEF

relief by the See also:

• BRITISH

British under See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

Marshal See also:

• BERESFORD, JOHN (1738-1805)
• BERESFORD, LORD CHARLES WILLIAM DE LA POER (1846- )
• BERESFORD, WILLIAM CARR BERESFORD, VISCOUNT (1768–1854)

Beresford in 1811—an exploit commemorated in a ballad by See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• WALTER, HUBERT (d. 1205)
• WALTER, JOHN (1738/9-1812)

Walter See also:

• SCOTT, ALEXANDER (fl. 1550)
• SCOTT, DAVID (18o6-1849)
• SCOTT, MICHAEL (1789-1835)
• SCOTT, ROBERT (1811-1887)
• SCOTT, SIR GEORGE GILBERT (1811-1878)
• SCOTT, SIR WALTER, BART
• SCOTT, WILLIAM BELL (1811-1890)
• SCOTT, WINFIELD (1786-1866)

Scott . Elvas is the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman Alpesa or Helvas, the Moorish Balesh, the Spanish Yelves . It was wrested from the See also:

• MOORS (Lat. Mauri; Gr. Mavpot, dark men)
• MOORS, KABYLES, MZABITES

Moors by See also:

• ALPHONSO

Alphonso VIII. of See also:

• CASTILE, or CASTILLE (Castilla)

Castile in 1166; but was temporarily recaptured before its final occupation by the Portuguese in 1226 . In 1570 it became an episcopal see . From 1642 until See also:

• MODERN

modern times it was the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief frontier fortress S. of the See also:

• TAGUS (Span. Tajo, Portug. Tejo)

Tagus; and it twice withstood sieges by the Spanish, in 1658 and 1711 .