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SIR THOMAS ELYOT (c. 1490-1546)

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Originally appearing in Volume V09, Page 303 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SIR See also:THOMAS See also:ELYOT (c. 1490-1546)  , See also:English diplomatist and See also:scholar . His See also:father, See also:Sir See also:Richard See also:Elyot (d . 1522), who held considerable estates in See also:Wiltshire, was made (1503) See also:serjeant-at-See also:law and See also:attorney-See also:general to the See also:queen See also:consort, and soon afterwards was commissioned to See also:act as See also:justice of See also:assize on the western See also:circuit, becoming in 1513 See also:judge of See also:common pleas . See also:Thomas was the son of his first See also:marriage with Alice Fynderne, but neither the date nor See also:place of his See also:birth is accurately known . See also:Anthony a See also:Wood claimed him as an alumnus of St See also:Mary See also:Hall, See also:Oxford, while C . H . See also:Cooper in the Athenae Cantabrigienses put in a claim for Jesus See also:College, See also:Cambridge . Elyot himself says in the See also:preface to his See also:Dictionary that he was educated under the paternal roof, and was from the See also:age of twelve his own See also:tutor . He supplies, in the introduction to his See also:Castell of Helth, a See also:list of the authors he had read in See also:philosophy and See also:medicine, adding that a " worshipful physician " read to him See also:Galen and some other authors . In 1511 he accompanied his father on.the western circuit as clerk to the assize, and he held this position until 1528 . In addition to his father's lands in Wiltshire and See also:Oxfordshire he inherited in 1523 the Cambridge estates of his See also:cousin, Thomas Fynderne . His See also:title was disputed, but See also:Wolsey decided in his favour, and also made him clerk of the privy See also:council .

Elyot, in a See also:

letter addressed to Thomas See also:Cromwell, says that he never received the emoluments of this See also:office, while the barren See also:honour of See also:knighthood conferred on him when he was displaced in 1530 merely put him to further expense . In that See also:year he sat on the See also:commission appointed to inquire into the See also:Cambridgeshire estates of his former See also:patron, See also:Cardinal Wolsey . He married See also:Margaret See also:Barrow, who is described (Stapleton, Vita Thomae Mori, p . 59, ed . 1558) as a student in the " school " of Sir Thomas More . In 1531 he produced the Boke named the Governour, dedicated to See also:King See also:Henry VIII . The See also:work advanced him in the king's favour, and in the See also:close of the year he received instructions to proceed to the See also:court of the See also:emperor See also:Charles V. to induce him to take a more favourable view of Henry's projected See also:divorce from See also:Catherine of See also:Aragon . With this was combined another commission, on which one of the king's agents, See also:Stephen See also:Vaughan, was already engaged . He was, if possible, to apprehend See also:William See also:Tyndale . It is probable that Elyot was suspected, as Vaughan certainly was, of lukewarmness in carrying out the king's wishes, but this has not prevented his being much abused by See also:Protestant writers . As See also:ambassador Elyot had been involved in ruinous expense, and on his return he wrote to Thomas Cromwell, begging to be excused from serving as See also:sheriff of Cambridgeshire and See also:Huntingdonshire, on the See also:score of his poverty . The See also:request was not granted .

He was one of the commissioners in the inquiry instituted by Cromwell See also:

prior to the suppression of the monasteries, but he did not obtain any See also:share of the spoils . There is little doubt that his known friendship for Thomas More militated against his chances of success, for in a letter addressed to Cromwell he admitted his friendship for More, but protested that he rated higher his See also:duty to the king . William Roper, in his See also:Life of More, says that Elyot was on a second See also:embassy to Charles V., in the See also:winter of 1535-1536, when he received at See also:Naples the See also:news of More's See also:execution . He had been kept in the dark by his own See also:government, but heard the news from the emperor . The See also:story of an earlier embassy to See also:Rome (1532), mentioned by See also:Burnet, rests on a See also:late endorsement of instructions dated from that year, which cannot be regarded as authoritative . In 1542 he represented the See also:borough of Cambridge in See also:parliament . He had See also:purchased from Cromwell the See also:manor of See also:Carleton in Cambridgeshire, where he died on the 26th of See also:March 1546 . Sir Thomas Elyot received little See also:reward for his services to the See also:state, but his scholarship and his books were held in high esteemby his contemporaries . The Boke named the Governour was printed by Thomas Berthelet (1531, 1534, 1536, 1544, &c.) . It is a See also:treatise on moral philosophy, intended to See also:direct the See also:education of those destined to fill high positions, and to inculcate those moral principles which alone could See also:fit them for the performance of their duties . The subject was a favourite one in the 16th See also:century, and the See also:book, which contained many citations from classical authors, was very popular . Elyot expressly acknowledges his obligations to See also:Erasmus's Institutio Principis Christiani; but he makes no reference to the De regno et regis institution of See also:Francesco See also:Patrizzi (d .

1494), See also:

bishop of See also:Gaeta, on which his work was undoubtedly modelled . As a See also:prose writer, Elyot enriched the English See also:language with many new words . In 1534 he published The Castell of Helth, a popular treatise on medicine, intended to place a scientific knowledge of the See also:art within the reach of those unacquainted with See also:Greek . This work, though scoffed at by the See also:faculty, was appreciated by the general public, and speedily went through many See also:editions . His Latin Dictionary, the earliest comprehensive dictionary of the language, was completed in 1538 . The copy of the first edition in the See also:British Museum contains an autograph letter from Elyot to Thomas Cromwell, to whom it originally belonged . It was edited and enlarged in 1 548 by Thomas Cooper, bishop of See also:Winchester, who called it Bibliotheca Eliotae, and it formed the basis in 1565 of Cooper's See also:Thesaurus linguae Romanac et Britannicae . Elyot's See also:translations include: The Doctrinal of Princes (1534), from Isocrates; Cyprianus, A Swete and Devoute See also:Sermon of See also:Holy Saynt Ciprian of the Mortalitie of See also:Man (1534) ; Rules of a See also:Christian Life (1534), from See also:Pico della See also:Mirandola; The Education or Bringing up of See also:Children (c . 1535), from See also:Plutarch; and See also:Howe one may take Profite of his Enymes (1535), from the same author is generally attributed to him . He also wrote: The Knowledge which maketh a See also:Wise Man and Pasquyll the Playne 0533); The Bankette of Sapience (1534), a collection of moral sayings; Preservative agaynste Deth (1545), which contains many quotations from the Fathers; See also:Defence of See also:Good See also:Women (1545) . His See also:Image of Governance, compiled of the Actes and Sentences notable of the most See also:noble Emperor See also:Alexander See also:Severus (1540) professed to be a See also:translation from a Greek MS. of the emperor's secretary Encolpius (or Eucolpius, as Elyot calls him), which had been See also:lent him by a See also:gentleman of Naples, called Pudericus, who asked to have it back before the translation was See also:complete . In these circumstances Elyot, as he asserts in his preface, supplied the other See also:maxims from different See also:sources .

He was violently assailed by See also:

Humphrey See also:Hody and later by William See also:Wotton for putting forward a pseudo-translation; but Mr H . H . S . See also:Croft has discovered that there was a Neapolitan gentleman at that See also:time bearing the name of Poderico, or, Latinized, Pudericus, with whom Elyot may well have been acquainted . See also:Roger See also:Ascham mentions his De See also:rebus memorabilibus Angliae; and See also:Webbe quotes a few lines of a lost translation of the Ars poetica of See also:Horace . A learned edition of the Governour (2 vols., 1880), by H . H . S . Croft, contains, besides copious notes, a valuable glossary of 16th century English words .

End of Article: SIR THOMAS ELYOT (c. 1490-1546)
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