EMBANKMENT  , in See also:

• ENGINEERING

engineering, a See also:

• MOUND

mound of See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth or See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone, usually narrow in comparison with its length, artificially raised above the prevailing level of the ground . Embankments serve for two See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main classes of purpose . On the one See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, they are used to preserve the level of See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways, canals and roads, in cases where a valley or piece of See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low-lying ground has to be crossed . On the other, they are employed to stop or limit the flow of See also:

• WATER

water, either constituting the retaining See also:

• WELLS
• WELLS, CHARLES JEREMIAH (1798?–1879)
• WELLS, DAVID AMES (1828—1898)
• WELLS, HERBERT GEORGE (1866— )
• WELLS, SIR THOMAS SPENCER, 1ST BART

wells of reservoirs constructed in connexion with water-See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply schemes, or protecting low-lying tracts of See also:

• LAND

land from See also:

• RIVER

river floods or the encroachments of the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea . The word embankment has thus come to be used for the See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass of material, faced and supported by a stone See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall and protected by a See also:

• PARAPET (Ital. parapetto, Fr. parapet, from para, imperative of Ital. porare, to cover, defend, and petto, breast, Lat. pectus; the German word is Brustwehr)

parapet, placed along the See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks of a river where it passes through a See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, whether to guard against floods or to gain additional space . Such is the See also:

• THAMES

Thames Embankment in See also:

• LONDON

London, which carries a broad roadway, while under it runs the Under-ground railway . In this sense an embankment is distinguished from a See also:

• QUAY
• QUAY, MATTHEW STANLEY (1833-1904)

quay, though the See also:

• MECHANICAL

mechanical construction may be the same, the latter word being confined to places where See also:

• SHIPS

ships are loaded and unloaded, thus differing from the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French quai, which is used both of embankments and quays, e.g. the Quells along the See also:

• SEINE
• SEINE (Lat. Sequana)
• SEINE, or SEAN (O. Fr. seigne, mod. seine, Lat. sagena, Gr. vaytivrl, a draw-net)

Seine at See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris .