EMDEN  , a maritime See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, in the Prussian See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• HANOVER
• HANOVER (Ger. Hannover)

Hanover, near the mouth of the See also:

• EMS

Ems, 49 M . N.W. from See also:

• OLDENBURG

Oldenburg by See also:

• RAIL

rail . Pop . (1885) 14,019; (1905) 20,754 . The Ems once flowed beneath its walls, but is now 2 M. distant, and connected with the town by a broad and deep See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

canal, divided into the inner (or See also:

• DOCK

dock) See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour and the See also:

• OUTER

outer (or "See also:

• FREE

free See also:

• PORT

port ") harbour . The latter is a m. in length, has a breadth of nearly 400 ft., and since the construction of the Ems-See also:

• JADE
• JADE, or JAHDE

Jade and See also:

• DORTMUND

Dortmund-Ems canals, has been deepened to 38 ft., thus allowing the largest See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-going vessels to approach its wharves . The town is intersected by canals (crossed by numerous See also:

• BRIDGES
• BRIDGES, ROBERT (1844– )

bridges), which bring it into communication with most of the towns in See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East See also:

• FRIESLAND, or VRIESLAND

Friesland, of which it is the commercial See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital . The waterways which See also:

• TRAVERSE

traverse and surround it and the See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of its numerous gabled See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval houses give it the See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance of an old Dutch, rather than of a See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German, town . Of its churches the most See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note-worthy are the Reformed " See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church " (See also:

• GROSSE, JULIUS WALDEMAR (1828—1902)

Grosse Kirche), a large See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic See also:

• BUILDING

building completed in 1455, containing the See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb of Enno II . (d . 1540), See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of East Friesland; the Gasthauskirche, formerly the church .of a Franciscan friary founded in 1317; and the Neue Kirche (1643-1647) . Of its See also:

• SECULAR (Lat. saecularis, of or belonging to an age or generation, saeculum)

secular buildings, the Rathaus (town-See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall), built in 1574-1J76, on the See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model of that of See also:

• ANTWERP
• ANTWERP (Fr. Anvers)

Antwerp, with a lofty See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower, and containing an interesting collection of arms and See also:

• ARMOUR, PHILIP DANFORTH (1832-1901)

armour, is particularly remarkable .

There are numerous educational institutions, including classical and See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools, and schools of See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce, See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation and telegraphy . The town has two interesting museums . Emden is the seat of an active See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade in agricultural produce and live-stock, horses, See also:

• TIMBER

timber, See also:

• COAL

coal, See also:

• TEA (Chinese cha, Amoy dialect t€)

tea and See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine . The deep-sea fishing See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry of the town is important, the fishing See also:

• FLEET

fleet in 1902 numbering 67 vessels . Machinery, See also:

• CEMENT (from Lat. caementum, rough pieces of stone, a shortened form of caedimentum, from caedere, to cut)

cement, cordage, See also:

• WIRE (A.S. wir, a wire; cf. Swed. vire, to twist, M.H.G. wiere, a gold ornament, Lat. viriae, armlets, ultimately from the root wi, to twist, bind)

wire See also:

• ROPES, JOHN CODMAN (1836–1899)

ropes, See also:

• TOBACCO

tobacco, See also:

• LEATHER (a word which appears in all Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Leder, Dutch leer or leder, Swed. leder, and in such Celtic forms as Welsh llader)
• LEATHER, ARTIFICIAL

leather, &c. are manufactured . Emden is also of importance as the station of the submarine cables connecting Germany with See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North See also:

• AMERICA

America and See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain . It has a See also:

• REGULAR

regular steamboat service with See also:

• BORKUM

Borkum and See also:

• NORDERNEY (i.e. " northern island ")

Norderney . Emden (Emuden, Emetha) is first mentioned in the See also:

• LATH (0. Eng. laett, Mid. Eng. lappe, a form possibly due to the Welsh llath; the word appears in many Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch lat, Ger. Latte, and has passed into Romanic, cf. Ital. latta, Fr. latte)

lath See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, when it was the capital of the Eemsgo (Emsgau, or See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county of the Ems), one of the three hereditary countships into which East Friesland had been divided by the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor . In 1252 the countship was sold to the bishops of See also:

• MUNSTER
• MUNSTER, SEBASTIAN (1489-1552)

Munster; but theirrule soon became little more than nominal, and in Emden itself the See also:

• FAMILY

family of Abdena, the episcopal provosts and castellans, established their See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence . Towards the end of the 14th century the town gained a considerable trade owing to the permission given by the See also:

• PROVOST (through O. Fr. prevost, mod. prevot, Lat. praepositus, set over, from praeponere, to place in front)

provost to the pirates known as " Viktualienbriider " to make it their See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market, after they had been driven out of Gothland by the See also:

• TEUTONIC
• TEUTONIC (GERMANIC) LANGUAGES

Teutonic See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

Order . In 1402, after the defeat of the pirates off See also:

• HELIGOLAND (Ger. Helgoland)

Heligoland by the fleet of See also:

• HAM

Ham-See also:

• BURG

burg, Emden was besieged, but it was not reduced by See also:

• HAMBURG

Hamburg, with the aid of Edzard Cirksena of Greetsyl, until 1431 . The town was held jointly by its captors till 1453, when Hamburg sold Self-differentiation .

its rights to See also:

• ULRICH

Ulrich Cirksena, created count of East Friesland by the emperor See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick III. in 1454 . In 1544 the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation was introduced, and in the following years numerous See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant refugees from the See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

Low Countries found their way to the town . In 1595 Emden became a free imperial See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city under the See also:

• PROTECTION

protection of See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland, and was occupied by a Dutch See also:

• GARRISON
• GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD (1805-1879)

garrison until 1744 when, with East Friesland, it was transferred to See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia . In 1810 Emden became the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief town of the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of Ems See also:

• ORIENTAL

Oriental; in 1815 it was assigned to Hanover, and in 1866 was annexed with that See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom by Prussia . See Furbringer, See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die Stadt Emden in Gegenwart and Vergangenheit (Emden, 1892) .