EBENEZER See also:

• EBENEZER EMMONS (1800-1863)
• EMMONS, NATHANAEL (1745–1840)

EMMONS (1800-1863)  , See also:

• AMERICAN

American geologist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Middlefield, See also:

• MASSACHUSETTS (an Indian name, originally applied to a tribe of Indians)

Massachusetts, on the 16th of May 1800 . He studied See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine at See also:

• ALBANY
• ALBANY, DUKES OF
• ALBANY, LOUISE MAXIMILIENNE CAROLINE, COUNTESS OF (1752-1824)

Albany, and after taking his degree practised for some years in See also:

• BERKSHIRE [abbreviated Berks, pronounced Berkshire]
• BERKSHIRE, THOMAS HOWARD, 1ST EARL OF (1587–1669)

Berkshire See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county . His See also:

• INTEREST

interest in See also:

• GEOLOGY (from Gr. yp7, the earth, and Abyor, science)

geology was kindled in See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• LIFE

life, and in 1824 he had assisted Prof.See also:

• CHESTER
• CHESTER, EARLS OF

Chester See also:

• DEWEY, DAVIS RICH (1858- )
• DEWEY, GEORGE (1837- )
• DEWEY, MELVIL (1851- )

Dewey (1784–1867) in preparing a See also:

• GEOLOGICAL

geological See also:

• MAP
• MAP (or MAPES), WALTER (d. c. 1208/9)

map of Berkshire county, in which the first See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt was made to cla,ssify the rocks of the Taconic See also:

• AREA

area . While thus giving much of his See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time to natural See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science, undertaking professional See also:

• WORK

work in natural See also:

• HISTORY

history and geology in See also:

• WILLIAMS
• WILLIAMS, JOHN (1582-1650)
• WILLIAMS, JOHN (1796-1839)
• WILLIAMS, ROGER (c. 1604–1684)
• WILLIAMS, ROWLAND (1817-1870)
• WILLIAMS, SIR WILLIAM FENWICK

Williams See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, he also accepted the professorship of See also:

• CHEMISTRY
• CHEMISTRY (formerly "chymistry"; Gr. xvµela; for derivation see ALCHEMY)

chemistry and afterwards of See also:

• OBSTETRICS

obstetrics in the Albany Medical College . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief work of his life was, however, in geology, and he has been designated by Jules See also:

• MARCOU, JULES (1824-1898)

Marcou as " the founder of American palaeozoic stratigraphy, and the first discoverer of the primordial See also:

• FAUNA

fauna in any See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country." In 1836 he became attached to the Geological Survey of the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

State of New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, and after lengthened study he grouped the See also:

• LOCAL

local strata (1842) into the Taconic and overlying New York systems . The latter See also:

• SYSTEM

system was subdivided into several See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups that were by no means well defined . See also:

• EMMONS, EBENEZER (1800-1863)
• EMMONS, NATHANAEL (1745–1840)

Emmons had previously described the See also:

• POTSDAM

Potsdam See also:

• SANDSTONE

sandstone (1838), and this was placed at the See also:

• BASE

base of the New York system . It is now regarded as Upper See also:

• CAMBRIAN

Cambrian . In 1844 Emmons for the first time obtained fossils in his Taconic system: a notable See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery because the See also:

• SPECIES

species obtained were found to differ from all then-known Palaeozoic fossils, and they were regarded as representing the primordial See also:

• GROUP

group . Marcou was thus led to See also:

• ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate that the See also:

• TERM

term Taconic be generally adopted in See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of Cambrian . Never-theless the Taconic fauna of Emmons has proved to include only the See also:

• LOWER

lower See also:

• PART

part of See also:

• SEDGWICK, ADAM (1785-1873)
• SEDGWICK, JOHN (1813–1864)

Sedgwick's Cambrian . Considerable discussion has taken place on the question of the Taconic system, and whether the term should be adopted; and the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion has been adverse .

Emmons made contributions on See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

agriculture and geology to a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of volumes on the natural history of New York . He also issued a work entitled American Geology; containing a statement of the principles of the Science, with full illustrations of the characteristic American Fossils (1855--1857) . From 1851 to 186o he was state geologist of See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North Carolina . He died at See also:

• BRUNSWICK
• BRUNSWICK (Ger. Braunschweig)
• BRUNSWICK, KARL WILHELM FERDINAND, DUKE OF (1735-18o6)

Brunswick, North Carolina, on the 1st of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1863 . See the See also:

• BIOGRAPHICAL

Biographical See also:

• NOTICE

Notice of Ebenezer Emmons, by J . Marcou; Amer . Geologist, vol. vii . (See also:

• JAN

Jan., 1891), p . (with portrait and See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of publications) .