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EMSER, JEROME, or HIERONYMUS (1477-1527)

ENAMEL (formerly " amel," derived through the Fr. amail, emmll, esmail, from a Latin word smaltum, first found in a 9th-century life of Leo IV.)

ENCAUSTIC PAINTING

ENCEINTE (Lat. in, within, cinctus, girdled; to be distinguished from the word meaning " pregnant," from in, not, and cinctus, i.e. with girdle loosened)

JUAN DEL ENCINA (1469–c.1533)

JOHANN FRANZ ENCKE (1791–1865)

ENCLAVE (a French word from enclaver, to enclose)

JOHN ENDECOTT (c. 1588-1665)

ENDOGAMY (Gr. EvSov, within, and y6.µos, marriage)

ENERGICI, or ENERGUMENS (Gr. " possessed by a spirit ")

ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

ENERGY USED IN ELECTRIC

BARTHELEMY PROSPER ENFANTIN (1796—1864)

ENFIDAVILLE [Dar-el-Bey]

ENFILADE (a French word, from enfiler, to thread, and so to pass through from end to end)

ENGADINE (Ger. Engadin; Ital. Engadina; Ladin, Engiadina)

ERNST ENGEL (1821-1896)

JOHANN JAKOB ENGEL (1741-1802)

DORTHE ENGELBRECHTSDATTER (1634-1716)

JOHANN GEORG VEIT ENGELHARDT (1791-1855)

LOUIS ANTOINE HENRI DE BOURBON ENGHIEN

ENGINE (Lat. ingenium)

MILITARY ENGINEERS

THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

SIR FRANCIS ENGLEFIELD (c. 1520-1596)

GEORGE ENGLEHEART (1752-1829)

ENGLISH CHANNEL (commonly called " The Channel "; Fr. La Manche, " the sleeve ")

ENGLISH FINANCE

ENGLISH HISTORY

ENGLISH LANGUAGE

ENGLISH LAW (History)

ENGLISH LAW AFFECTING BANKS AND

ENGLISH LITERATURE

ENGLISH POTTERY FROM THE 16TH TO THE 19TH

ENGLISHRY (Englescherie)

ENGRAVING OF COPPER

ENIGMA (Gr. aTvcyµa)

JOHN JOSEPH ENNEKING (1841- )

ENNIS (Gaelic, Innis, an island; Irish, Ennis and Irish)

ENNISKILLEN [INNISKILLING]

3RD EARL OF WILLIAM WILLOUGHBY COLE ENNISKILLEN (1807-1886)

QUINTUS ENNIUS (239-170 B.c.)

MAGNUS FELIX ENNODIUS (A.D. 474–521)

VISCOUNT BUYO ENOMOTO (1839-1909)

ENOS (anc. Aenos)

ANTONIO ENRIQUEZ GOMEZ (c. 16o1-c. 1661)

MARQUES DE LA CENON DE SOMODEVILLA ENSENADA (1702-1781)

ENSIGN (through the Fr. enseigne from the Latin plural insignia)

ENTABLATURE (Lat. in, and tabula, a tablet)

ENTAIL (from Fr. tailler, to cut; the old derivation from tales haeredes is now abandoned)

ENTASIS (from Gr. vTelvety, to stretch a line or bend a bow)

ENTERITIS (Gr. Evrepov, intestine)

ENTHYMEME (Gr. v, Buµos)

ENTOMOLOGY (Gr. iv-roµa, insects, and Xiryos, a discourse)

CATHERINE HENRIETTE DE BALZAC ENTRAGUES

ENTRE MINHO E DOURO (popularly called Minho)

ENTRE RIOS (Span. " between rivers ")

ENTREPOT (a French word, from the Lat. interpositum, that which is placed between)

ENVOY (Fr. envoye, " sent ")

ENZIO (c. 1220-1272)

ENZYME (Gr. Eve uµos, leavened, from v, in, and Om, leaven)

EOCENE (Gr. *In, dawn, icauvos, recent)

CHARLES GENEVIEVE LOUISE AUGUSTE ANDRE TIMOTHEE EON DE BEAUMONT

BARON JOZSEF EOTVOS (1813–1871)

EPAMINONDAS (c. 418-362)

EPAULETTE (a French word, from epaule, a shoulder)

EPHEBEUM (from Gr. Eon f3os, a young man)

EPHEBI (Gr. i ri, and On, i.e. " those who have reached puberty ")

EPHEMERIS (Greek for a " diary ")

EPISTLE TO THE EPHESIANS

COUNCIL OF EPHESUS

EPHOR (Gr. i4opos)

EPHORUS (c. 400–330 B.C.)

EPHRAEM SYRUS (Ephraim the Syrian)

EPHTHALITES, or WHITE HUNS

EPICENE (from the Gr. i rixocvos, common)

EPICHARMUS (c. 54o–45o B.C.)

EPICTETUS (born c. A.D. 6o)

EPICURUS (342–270 B.C.)

EPICYCLE (Gr. upon, and KuKXos, circle)

EPIGONI (" descendants ")

EPIGONION (Gr. errcryovewv)

EPIGRAPHY (Gr. E7rl, on, and 7ph4ew, to write)

EPIGRAPHY AND NUMISMATICS

EPILEPSY (Gr. &L, upon, and kaµ)3avew, to seize), or FALLING

EPINAOS (Gr. Eri, after, and vans, a temple)

LOUISE FLORENCE PETRONILLE TARDIEU EPINAY

SAINT EPIPHANIUS (c. 315-402)

FEAST OF EPIPHANY

EPIRUS, or EPEIRUS

EPISCOPACY (from Late Lat. episcopatus, the office of a bishop, episcopas)

SIMON EPISCOPIUS (1583–1643)

EPISTYLE (Gr. erri, upon, and vTi)Xor, column)

EPISTYLIS (C. G. Ehrenberg)

EPITAPH (Gr. it oa¢cos, sc. X/yos, from bri, upon, and ra¢os, a tomb)

EPITHALAMIUM (Gr. hirl, at or upon, and BhXayos, a nuptial chamber)

ENDOTHELIAL EPITHELIAL

EPITOME (Gr. lircroui, from isrLTEµveW, to cut short)

EPOCH (Gr. E7roxij, holding in suspense, a pause, from E1rxav, to hold up, to stop)

EPREMESNIL (ESPREMESNIL Or EPREMENIL), JEAN JACQUES DUVAL

EQUATION (from Lat. aequatio, aequare, to equalize)

EQUATION OF THE CENTRE

EQUATION OF TIME

EQUATOR (Late Lat. aequator, from aequare, to make equal)

EQUATORIAL SYSTEM

EQUERRY (from the Fr. ecuric, a stable, through its older form escurie, from the Med. Lat. scuria, a word of Teutonic origin for a stable or shed, cf. Ger. Scheuer; the modern spelling has con-fused the word with the Lat. equus, a horse)

EQUILIBRIUM (from the Lat. aequus, equal, and libra, a balance)

EQUINOX (from the Lat. aequus, equal, and nox, night)

EQUIPMENT OF THE

EQUITES (" horsemen " or " knights," from eques," horse ")

EQUITY (Lat. aequitas)

DESIDERIUS ERASMUS (1466–1536)

THOMAS ERASTUS (1524-1583)

ERATOSTHENES OF ALEXANDRIA (c. 276-C. 194 B.C.)

ERBIUM (symbol, Er; atomic weight, 165-166)

ALONSO DE ERCILLA Y ZUNIGA (1533-1595)

JANOS ERDELYI (1814-1868)

JOHANN EDUARD ERDMANN (1805-1892)

ERECH (Uruk in the Babylonian inscriptions; Gr. Orchoe)

ERETRIA (mod. Aletria)

ERETRIAN SCHOOL OF PHILOSOPHY

ERGOT, or SPURRED RYE

SIR JOHN ERIC ERICHSEN

JOHN ERICSSQN (1803-1889); Swedish-American naval engineer, was born at Langbanshyttan, Wermland, Sweden, on the 31st of July 1803. He was the second son of Olaf Ericsson, an inspector of mines, who died in 1818. Showing from his earliest years a strong

JOHANNES SCOTUS ERIGENA (c. 800-c. 877)

ERINYES (Lat. Furiae)

SIR WILLIAM ERLE (1793-1880)

PAUL ERMAN (1764-1851)

ERMANARIC (fl. 350-376)

ERMELAND, or ERMLAND (Varmia)

ERMOLDUS NIGELLUS, or ERMOLD THE BLACK

ERNEST AUGUSTUS (1771-1851)

JOHANN AUGUST ERNESTI (1707-1781)

JOHANN CHRISTIAN GOTTLIEB ERNESTI (1756–1802)

HEINRICH WILHELM ERNST (1814–1865)

ERPENIUS (original name VAN ExpE), THOMAS (1584–1624)

ERROLL (or ERROL), FRANCIS HAY, 9TH EARL OF (d. 1631)

ERROR (Lat. error, from errare, to wander, to err)

JOHANN SAMUEL ERSCH (1766–1828)

EBENEZER ERSKINE (1680-1754)

HENRY ERSKINE (1746-1817)

JOHN ERSKINE (1721-1803)

RALPH ERSKINE (1685-1752)

1ST BARON THOMAS ERSKINE ERSKINE (1750-1823)

ERYTHRAE [mod. Litri]

ERZERUM, or ARZRUM (Arm. Garin)

ERZINGAN, or ERZINJAN (Arsingaof the middle ages)

ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

ESCHATOLOGY (Gr. &rXaros, last, and A6yos, science; the " doctrine of last things ")

ESCHEAT (O. Fr. esthete, from escheoir, to fall to one's share; Lat. excidere, to fall out)

JOHANN JOACHIM ESCHENBURG (1743–1820)

ADAM KARL AUGUST VON ESCHENMAYER (1768-1852)

ARNOLD ESCHER VON DER LINTH (1807—1872)

JOHANN FRIEDRICH ESCHSCHOLTZ (1793—1831)

ANTONIO ESCOBAR Y MENDOZA (1589—1669)

JUAN ESCOIQUIZ (1762-1820)

HARRY ESCOMBE (1838–1899)

JUAN DE ESCOVEDO (d. 1J78)

ESCUTCHEON (0. Fr. escucheon, escusson, modern dcusson, through a Late Lat. form from Lat. Scutum, shield)

1ST VISCOUNT WILLIAM BALIOL BRETT ESHER (1817–1899)

ESKER (O. Irish eiscir)

JOHANNES FRIEDRICH AUGUST VON ESMARCH (1823-1908)

LES ESPAGNOLS SUR MER

ESPALIER (a French word, derived from the Ital. spalliera, something to rest the spalla or shoulder against; the word is ultimately the same as epauliere, a shoulder-piece)

BALDOMERO ESPARTERO (1792-1879)

ESPARTO, or SPANISH GRASS

VICENTE MARTINEZ ESPINEL (1551-1624)

JOSE IGNACIO JAVIER ORIOL ENCARNACION DE ESPRONCEDA (1808-1842)

ESQUIRE (0. Fr. escuyer, Mod. Fr. ecuyer, derived through the form escudier from Med. Lat. scutarius, " shield-bearer ")

JEAN ETIENNE DOMINIQUE ESQUIROL (1772-1840)

HENRI FRANCOIS ALPHONSE ESQUIROS (1812-1876)

JOHANN HEINRICH VAN ESS (1772-1847)

ESSAYIST ESSAY (Fr. essai, Late Lat. exagium, a weighing or balance; exigere, to examine; the term in general meaning any trial or effort)

ESSEQUIBO, or ESSEQUEBO

ARTHUR CAPEL ESSEX

KINGDOM OF ESSEX

ROBERT DEVEREUX ESSEX

2ND2 EARL OF ROBERT DEVEREUX ESSEX (1566-1601)

IST2 EARL OF WALTER DEVEREUX ESSEX (1541–1576)

ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

ESTABLISHMENT OF A PORT

COMTE CHARLES HECTOR ESTAING

ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

ESTATE AND HOUSE AGENTS

RICHARD ESTCOURT (1668–1712)

ESTE (anc. Ateste, q.v.)

ESTERHAZY OF GALANTHA

ESTHONIA (Ger. Ehstland and Ehshland, Esthonian Eestimae and Meie-maa, also Viroma and Rahvama; Lettish Iggaun Senna)

ESTIENNE (or ETIENNE; the French form of the name; anglicized to Stephens, and latinized to Stephanus)

ESTOPPEL (from O. Fr. estopper, to stop, bar; estoupe, mod. etoupe, a plug of tow; Lat. stuppa)

GUILLAUME ESTOUTEVILLE

ESTOVERS (from the O. Fr. estover, estovoir, a verb used as a substantive in the sense of that which is necessary; the word is of disputed origin; it has been referred to the Lat. stare, to stand, or studere, to desire)

COMTE GODEFROI ESTRADES

ESTREAT (0. Fr. estrait, Lat. extracta)

GABRIELLE ESTREES

ESTREMADURA, or EXTREMADURA

ESTUARY (from the Lat. aestuarium, a place reached by aestus, the tide)

ESZTERGOM (Ger. Gran; Lat. Strigonium)

ANNE DE PISSELEU ETAMPES

ETCHING (Dutch, etsen, to eat)

ETESIAN WIND (Lat. elesius, annual; Gr. Eros, year)

ETHELNOTH (d. ro38)

SIR GEORGE ETHEREDGE [or ETHEREGE] (c. 1635-1691)

JOHN WESLEY ETHERIDGE (1804-1866)

ROBERT ETHERIDGE (1819-1903)

HOBBES SHAFTESBURY ETHICS

ETHIOPIA, or AETHIOPIA (Gr. AlOtoaia)

ETHNOGRAPHY AND EARLY

ETHYL CHLORIDE, or HYDROCHLORIC ETHER, C2H5C1

ETHYLENE, or ETHENE, C2H4

CHARLES GUILLAUME ETIENNE (1778-1845)

ETNA (Gr. AZ-rvn, from aZOw, burn; Lat. Aetna)

ETRUSCAN POTTERY

BARON VON CONSTANTIN ETTINGSHAUSEN (1826-1897)

ERNST MORITZ LUDWIG ETTMULLER (1802-1877)

MICHAEL ETTMULLER (1644-1683)

WILLIAM ETTY (1787-1849)

ETYMOLOGY (Gr. grvµos, true, and X6yos, "account)

EUBOEA (pronounced Evvia in the modern language)

EUCHARIST (Gr. evXapurria, thanksgiving)

RUDOLF CHRISTOPH EUCKEN (1846– )

EUCLID [EucLEIDES]

EUDAEMONISM (from Gr. eb&u,uosla, literally the state of being under the protection of a benign spirit, a " good genius ")

EUDOCIA AUGUSTA (c. 401–c. 460)

EUDOXIA LOPUKHINA (1669-1731)