ENGINE

See also:

• ROOM

ROOM  BULKHEAD WATERTIGHT 11111 hH:1 f 3~~ Ili iiII_II1111 illC 1111111111 11 adopted in large passenger steamers of this class.' In both the transverse framing becomes deeper and stronger as the extremities are approached, while the decks and side stringers are all continued to the extremities, finishing in strong breast-hooks, and additional stringers, breast-hooks and panting beams are introduced . It is worthy of note that the rudder and steering gear are in this vessel entirely under water, so that she may be used for war purposes without running the risk of disablement by the rudder or steering gear being struck by projectiles . Above the water the stern is finished off so as to have the appearance of being fitted with an ordinary rudder . This important departure from the usual practice was first introduced by Professor Biles in the " City of Paris," and the " Campania " and her sister the " Lucania " were in 1902 the only British ships so fitted . Fig . 122 gives in perspective the general structural arrangements of the Japanesecruiser" Idzumo," andfigs . 118-121 (PlateXIV.) arefrom photographs of the vessel in course of construction . It Differraces will be seen that the departures from the structural arrange- between ments of a merchant ship are very considerable . As already war and pointed out, lighter scantlings are used in warships than wrchant in ordinary merchant ships . This is effected by more strips. carefully devised and more costly arrangements of framing and plating, and by making the structural features necessary in a warship for protection, &c., serve also for local and general strength . In warships, frames are placed at greater distances apart, 4 ft. amid-ships and 3 ft. at the extremities being the usual spacing, as compared with some 2 ft. in a merchant ship .