ENTRE MINHO E See also:

• DOURO (Span. Duero, Port. Douro, anc. Durius)

DOURO (popularly called Minho)  , a former See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• NORTHERN

Northern See also:

• PORTUGAL

Portugal; bounded on the N. by See also:

• GALICIA (Ger. Galizien; Pol. Halicz)
• GALICIA (the ancient Gallaecia or Callaecia, KaMauci,a or KaXau da)

Galicia in opain, E. by Traz-os-Montes, S. by See also:

• BEIRA

Beira and W. by the See also:

• ATLANTIC

Atlantic Ocean . Pop . (1900) 1,170,361; See also:

• AREA

area 2790 sq. m . Though no longer officially recognized, the old provincial name remains in See also:

• COMMON

common use . The See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast-See also:

• LINE

line of Entre Minho e See also:

• DOURO (Span. Duero, Port. Douro, anc. Durius)

Douro is level and unbroken except by the estuaries of the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers: inland, the See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation gradually increases towards the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north and See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east, where several See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain ranges See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

mark the frontier . C' these, the most important are the Serra da Peneda (4728 ft.' between the rivers Minho and Limia; the Serra do Gerez (4357 ft.), on the Galician border; the Serra da Cabreira (4021 ft.), immediately to the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south; and the Serra de Marao (4642 ft.), in the extreme south-east . As its name implies, the province is bounded by two See also:

• GREAT

great rivers, the Douro (q.v.) on the south, and the Minho (See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish Mine) on the north; but a small See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract of See also:

• LAND

land south of the Douro See also:

• ESTUARY (from the Lat. aestuarium, a place reached by aestus, the tide)

estuary is included also within the provincial boundary . There are three other large rivers which, like the Minho, flow See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west-south-west into the Atlantic . The Limia or Antela (Spanish Linia) rises in Galicia, and reaches the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea at Vianna do See also:

• CASTELLO, BERNARDO (1557—1629)
• CASTELLO, GIOVANNI BATTISTA (1500 ?–1569 ?)
• CASTELLO, VALERIO (1625-1659)

Castello; the Cavado springs from the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• FOOT

foot hills of La Raya Seca, on the northern frontier of Traz-os-Montes, and forms, at its mouth, the small See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour of Espozende; and the See also:

• AVE, or FIRN

Ave descends from its See also:

• SOURCES

sources in the Serra da Cabreira to See also:

• VILLA

Villa do See also:

• CONDE
• CONDE, LOUIS DE BOURBON, PRINCE
• CONDE, LOUIS II
• CONDE, PRINCES OF

Conde, where it enters the Atlantic . A large right-See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand tributary of the Douro, the Tamega, rises in Galicia, and skirts the western slopes of the Serra de Marao . The See also:

• CLIMATE

climate is mild, except among the mountains, and such See also:

• PLANTS

plants as See also:

• HELIOTROPE
• HELIOTROPE, or TURNSOLE

heliotrope, fuchsias, palms, and aloes thrive in the open throughout the See also:

• YEAR

year . See also:

• WHEAT
• WHEAT (Triticum)

Wheat and See also:

• MAIZE, or INDIAN CORN

maize are grown on the plains, and other important products are See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine, See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit, See also:

• OLIVES, MOUNT OF, or MOUNT OLIVET ("Opus 'EXc uwos or riov 'EXauav; mod. Jebel-et-Tur)

olives and chestnuts .

See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

Fish abound along the coast and in the main rivers; See also:

• TIMBER

timber is obtained from the mountain forests, and See also:

• DAIRY

dairy-farming and the breeding of pigs and See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle are carried on in all parts . As the province is occupied by a See also:

• HARDY, ALEXANDRE (1569?-1631)
• HARDY, SIR THOMAS DUFFUS (1804-1878)
• HARDY, SIR THOMAS MASTERMAN
• HARDY, THOMAS (1840- )

hardy and industrious peasantry, and the See also:

• DENSITY (Lat. densus, thick)

density of See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population (419'5 per sq. m.) is more than twice that of any other province on the Portuguese mainland, the See also:

• SOIL

soil is very closely cultivated . The methods and implements of the farmers are, however, most See also:

• PRIMITIVE

primitive, and at the beginning of the loth See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century is was not unusual to see a See also:

• MULE (Lat. mulus)

mule, or even a woman, harnessed with the team of oxen to an old-fashioned wooden plough . Small quantities of See also:

• COAL

coal, See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron, See also:

• ANTIMONY (symbol Sb, atomic weight 120.2)

antimony, See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead and See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold are See also:

• MINED

mined; See also:

• GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite and See also:

• SLATE (properly CLAY SLATE; in M. Eng. slat or sclat, from O. Fr. esclat, a small piece of wood used as a tile; esclater, to break into pieces, whence modern Fr. eclat, the root being seen also in Ger. schleissen, to split)

slate are quarried; and there are See also:

• MINERAL

mineral springs at Moncao (pop . 2283) on the Minho . The See also:

• OPORTO (i.e. o Porto, " the port ")

Oporto-See also:

• CORUNNA
• CORUNNA (Span. La Coruna; Fr. La Corogne; Eng. formerly often The Groyne)

Corunna railway traverses the western districts and crosses the Spanish frontier at See also:

• TUY

Tuy; its See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch lines give See also:

• ACCESS (Lat. accessus)

access to See also:

• BRAGA

Braga, See also:

• GUIMARAES (sometimes written Guimaraens)

Guimaraes and Povoa de Varzim; and the Oporto-See also:

• SALAMANCA
• SALAMANCA (anc. Salmantica or Elmantica)

Salamanca railway passes up the Douro valley . The greater See also:

• PART

part of the north and west can only be reached by road, and even the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief highways are See also:

• ILL

ill-kept . In these regions the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal means of transport is the springless wooden See also:

• CART (A.S. crcet, Gaelic cairt; connected with " car ")

cart, See also:

• DRAWN

drawn by one or more of the tawny and under-sized but powerful oxen, with immense horns and elaborately carved yoke, which are characteristic of northern Portugal . For administrative purposes the province is divided into three districts: Vianna do Castello in the north, Braga in the centre, Oporto in the south . The chief towns are separately described; they include Oporto (167,955), one of the greatest wine-producing cities in the See also:

• WORLD

world; Braga (24,202), the seat of an archb,See also:

• SHOP

shop who is See also:

• PRIMATE (from Low Lat. primas=one who held the first place, primas partes)

primate of Portugal; the sea-ports of Povoa de Varzim (12,623) and Vianna do Castello (9990); and Guimaraes (9104), a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of considerable See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical See also:

• INTEREST

interest .