See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

THOMAS See also:

• THOMAS ERASTUS (1524-1583)

ERASTUS (1524-1583)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German-Swiss theologian, whose surname was Luber, See also:

• LIEBER, FRANCIS (1800–1872)

Lieber, or Liebler, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born of poor parents on the 7th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1524, probably at See also:

• BADEN
• BADEN, GRAND DUCHY OF

Baden, See also:

• CANTON
• CANTON (borrowed from the Ital. cantone, a corner or angle)
• CANTON (more correctly KWANG-CHOW Fu)
• CANTON, JOHN (1718-1772)

canton of See also:

• AARGAU (Fr. Argovie)

Aargau, See also:

• SWITZERLAND

Switzerland . In 1540 he was studying See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology at See also:

• BASEL (Fr. Bale)
• BASEL (Fr. Belle, but Basle is a wholly erroneous form; Ital. Basilea)
• BASEL, CONFESSION OF
• BASEL, COUNCIL OF

Basel . The See also:

• PLAGUE (in Gr. Xotµos; in Lat. pestis, pestilentia)

plague of 1544 drove him to See also:

• BOLOGNA
• BOLOGNA, GIOVANNI DA (1524–1608)

Bologna and thence to See also:

• PADUA (Lat. Patavium ; Ital. Padova)

Padua as student of See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy and See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine . In 1553 he became physician to the See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of Henneberg, See also:

• SAXE, JOHN GODFREY (1816-1887)
• SAXE, MAURICE, COMTE DE (1696-1750)

Saxe-See also:

• MEININGEN

Meiningen, and in 1558 held the same See also:

• POST

post with the elector-See also:

• PALATINE (from Lat. palatium, a palace,)

palatine, See also:

• OTTO

Otto Heinrich, being at the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of medicine at See also:

• HEIDELBERG

Heidelberg . His See also:

• PATRON

patron's successor, See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick III., made him (1559) a privy councillor and member of the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church See also:

• CONSISTORY (Lat. consistorium, literally, a standing place, hence meeting place, waiting or audience chamber)

consistory . In theology he followed See also:

• ZWINGLI, HULDREICH (1484—1531)

Zwingli, and at the sacramentarian conferences of Heidelberg (156o) and Maulbronn (1564) he advocated by See also:

• VOICE (Fr. voix, from Lat. vox)

voice and See also:

• PEN (Lat. penna, a feather, pen)

pen the Zwinglian See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine of the See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord's Supper, replying (1565) to the See also:

• COUNTER

counter arguments of the Lutheran Johann Marbach, of See also:

• STRASSBURG, or STRASBURG (French Strasbourg)

Strassburg . He ineffectually resisted the efforts of the Calvinists, led by Caspar Olevianus, to introduce the Presbyterian polity and discipline, which were established at Heidelberg in 1570, on the Genevan See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model . One of the first acts of the new church See also:

• SYSTEM

system was to excommunicate See also:

• ERASTUS, THOMAS (1524-1583)

Erastus on a See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of Socinianism, founded on his See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence with Transylvania . The See also:

• BAN

ban was not removed till 1575, Erastus declaring his See also:

• FIRM

firm See also:

• ADHESION (from Lat. adhaerere, to adhere)

adhesion to the doctrine of the Trinity . His position, however, was uncomfortable, and in 158o he returned to Basel, where in 1583 he was made professor of See also:

• ETHICS
• ETHICS, SHAFTESBURY, HOBBES

ethics . He died on the 31st of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1583 . He published several pieces bearing on medicine, See also:

• ASTROLOGY

astrology and See also:

• ALCHEMY

alchemy, and attacking the system of See also:

• PARACELSUS (c. 1490-1541)

Paracelsus .

His name is permanently associated with a See also:

• POSTHUMOUS

posthumous publication, written in 1568 . Its immediate occasion was the disputation at Heidelberg (1568) for the doctorate of theology by See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• WITHER, GEORGE (1588-1667)

Wither or Withers, an See also:

• ENGLISH

English Puritan (subsequently See also:

• ARCHDEACON (Lat. archidiaconus, Gr. &oxt3tauovor)

archdeacon of See also:

• COLCHESTER
• COLCHESTER, CHARLES ABBOT, 1ST BARON (1757-1829)

Colchester), silenced (1565) at See also:

• BURY
• BURY, JOHN BAGNELL (1861- )

Bury St See also:

• EDMUNDS, GEORGE FRANKLIN (1828– )

Edmunds by See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

Archbishop See also:

• PARKER, JOHN HENRY (1806-1884)
• PARKER, JOSEPH (183o-1902)
• PARKER, MARTIN (c. 1600-c. 1656)
• PARKER, MATTHEW (1504-1575)
• PARKER, SAMUEL (164o-1688)
• PARKER, SIR GILBERT (1862— )
• PARKER, SIR HYDE, BART
• PARKER, THEODORE (1810-186o)

Parker . Withers had proposed a disputation against See also:

• VESTMENTS

vestments, which the university would not allow; his thesis affirming the excommunicating See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of the See also:

• PRESBYTERY

presbytery was sustained . Hence the See also:

• TREATISE

treatise of Erastus . It was published (1589) by Giacomo Castelvetri, who had married his widow, with the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title Explicatio gravissimae quaestionis utrum excommunicatio, quatenus religionem intelligentes et amplexantes, a sacramentorum usu, propter admissum facinus arcet, mandato nitatur divino, an excogitata sit ab hominibus . The See also:

• WORK

work bears the imprint Pesclavii (i.e . Poschiavo in the See also:

• GRISONS (Ger. Graubunden)

Grisons) but was printed by See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• WOLFE, CHARLES (1791-1823)
• WOLFE, JAMES (1727-1759)

Wolfe in See also:

• LONDON

London, where Castelvetri was staying; the name of the alleged printer is an See also:

• ANAGRAM (Gr. ava, back, and ypa(beiv, to write)

anagram of Jacobum Castelvetrum . In the Stationers' See also:

• REGISTER

Register (See also:

• JUNE

June 20, 1589) the See also:

• PRINTING (from Lat. imprimere, O. Fr. empreindre)

printing is said to have been " alowed " by Archbishop See also:

• WHITGIFT, JOHN (c. 1530-1604)

Whitgift . It consists of seventy-five Theses, followed by a Confirmatio in six books, and an appendix of letters to Erastus by See also:

• BULLINGER, HEINRICH (1504-1575)

Bullinger and Gualther, showing that his Theses, written in 1568, had been circulated in See also:

• MANUSCRIPT

manuscript . An English See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of the Theses, with brief See also:

• LIFE

life of Erastus (based on Melchior See also:

• ADAM
• ADAM (or ADAN) DE LE HALE (died c. 1288)
• ADAM, ALEXANDER (1741–1809)
• ADAM, JULIETTE (1836– )
• ADAM, LAMBERT SIGISBERT (1700-1759)
• ADAM, MELCHIOR (d. 1622)
• ADAM, PAUL (1862– )
• ADAM, ROBERT (1728—1792)
• ADAM, SIR FREDERICK (1781-1853)
• ADAM, WILLIAM (1751-1839)

Adam's See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account), was issued in 1659, entitled The Nullity of Church Censures; it was reprinted as A Treatise of See also:

• EXCOMMUNICATION (Lat. ex, out of, away from; communis, common)

Excommunication (1682), and, as revised by See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• LEE
• LEE (or LEGIT) ROWLAND (d. 1543)
• LEE, ANN (1736–1784)
• LEE, ARTHUR (1740–1792)
• LEE, FITZHUGH (1835–1905)
• LEE, GEORGE ALEXANDER (1802-1851)
• LEE, HENRY (1756-1818)
• LEE, JAMES PRINCE (1804-1869)
• LEE, NATHANIEL (c. 1653-16g2)
• LEE, RICHARD HENRY (1732-1794)
• LEE, ROBERT EDWARD (1807–1870)
• LEE, SIDNEY (1859– )
• LEE, SOPHIA (1950-1824)
• LEE, STEPHEN DILL (1833-1908)

Lee, D.D., in 1844 . The aim of the work is to show, on Scriptural grounds, that sins of professing Christians are to be punished by See also:

• CIVIL

civil authority, and not by withholding of sacraments on the See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy . In the See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

Assembly a party holding this view included See also:

• SELDEN, JOHN (1584–1654)

Selden, See also:

• LIGHTFOOT, JOHN (1602-1675)
• LIGHTFOOT, JOSEPH BARBER (1828-1889)

Lightfoot, Coleman and See also:

• WHITELOCKE, BULSTRODE (1605-1675)
• WHITELOCKE, SIR JAMES (1570-1632)

Whitelocke, whose speech (1645) is appended to Lee's version of the Theses; but the opposite view, after much controversy, was carried, Lightfoot alone dissenting .

The consequent See also:

• CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr. chapitre, Lat. capitellum, diminutive of caput, head)

chapter of the Westminster See also:

• CONFESSION (Lat. confessio, from confiteor, acknowledge, confess)

Confession (" Of Church Censures ") was, however, not ratified by the English See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament . " Erastianism," as a by-word, is used to denote the doctrine of the supremacy of the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state in ecclesiastical causes; but the problem of the relations between church and state is one on which Erastus nowhere enters . What is known as " Erastianism " would be better connected with the name of See also:

• GROTIUS, HUGO (1583-1645)

Grotius . The only See also:

• DIRECT

direct reply made to the Explicatio was the Tractatus de See also:

• VERA, AUGUSTO (1813-1885)

vera excommunication (1590) by See also:

• THEODORE
• THEODORE (602-690)
• THEODORE (Fedor) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1741–1796)
• THEODORE (Rus. Fedor, or Feodor)

Theodore See also:

• BEZA (DE BESZE), THEODORE (1519—1605)

Beza, who found himself rather savagely attacked in the Confirmatio thesium; e.g." Apostolum et See also:

• MOSEN, JULIUS (1803—1867)

Mosen adeoque Deum ipsum audes corrigere." See A . Bonnard, See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas Eraste et la discipline ecclesiastique (1894); Gass, in Allgemeine deutsche Biog . (1877); G . V . See also:

• LECHLER, GOTTHARD VICTOR (1811–1888)

Lechler and R . Stahelin, in A . Hauck's Realencyklop. See also:

• FUR (connected with O. Fr. forre, a sheath or case; so " an outer covering ")

fur prot . Theol. u . Kirche (1898) .

(A .