ERIDU  , one of the See also:

• OLDEST

oldest religious centres of the Sumerians, described in the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient Babylonian records as the " See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of the deep." The See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• GOD

god of this city was See also:

• EA(nar...), (p.s„,.,.)
• EA(psr...), (p, „...)• (pqr...)

Ea (q.v.), god of the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea and of See also:

• WISDOM, BOOK OF, or WISDOM OF SOLOMON (Sept. Io4ia IaXwµwvos; Lat. Vulg. Liber sapientiae)

wisdom, and the prominence given to this god in the See also:

• INCANTATION

incantation literature of Babylonia and See also:

• ASSYRIA

Assyria suggests not only that many of our magical texts are to be traced ultimately to the See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple of Ea at Eridu, but that this See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the Babylonian See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion had its origin in that See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place . Certain of the most ancient Babylonian myths, especially that of Adapa, may also be traced back to the See also:

• SHRINE (Lat. scrinium, a case or chest for books, hence a casket; from scribere, to write, Fr. ecrin, Ital. scrigno)

shrine of Ea at Eridu . But while of the first importance in matters of religion, there is no See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence in Babylonian literature of any special See also:

• POLITICAL

political importance attaching to Eridu, and certainly at no See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time within our knowledge did it exercise See also:

• HEGEMONY (Gr. i7ye,uovia, leadership, from it-yo-Oat, to lead, the leadership especially of one particular state in a group of federated or loosely united states. The term was first applied in Greek history to the position claimed by different individual

hegemony in Babylonia . The site of Eridu was discovered by J . E . See also:

• TAYLOR
• TAYLOR, ANN (1782-1866)
• TAYLOR, BAYARD (1825–1878)
• TAYLOR, BROOK (1685–1731)
• TAYLOR, ISAAC (1787-1865)
• TAYLOR, ISAAC (1829-1901)
• TAYLOR, JEREMY (1613-1667)
• TAYLOR, JOHN (158o-1653)
• TAYLOR, JOHN (1704-1766)
• TAYLOR, JOSEPH (c. 1586-c. 1653)
• TAYLOR, MICHAEL ANGELO (1757–1834)
• TAYLOR, NATHANIEL WILLIAM (1786-1858)
• TAYLOR, PHILIP MEADOWS (1808–1876)
• TAYLOR, ROWLAND (d. 1555)
• TAYLOR, SIR HENRY (1800-1886)
• TAYLOR, THOMAS (1758-1835)
• TAYLOR, TOM (1817-1880)
• TAYLOR, WILLIAM (1765-1836)
• TAYLOR, ZACHARY (1784-1850)

Taylor in 1854, in a ruin then called by the natives See also:

• ABU

Abu-Shahrein, a few See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-south-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of Moghair, ancient Ur, nearly in the centre of the dry See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed of an inland sea, a deep valley, 15 M. at its broadest, covered for the most See also:

• PART

part with a nitrous incrustation, separated from the alluvial See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain about Moghair by a See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low, pebbly, See also:

• SANDSTONE

sandstone range, called the Hazem, but open toward the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north to the See also:

• EUPHRATES (Babylon. Purattu, Heb. Perath, Arab. Frdt or Furst, Old Pers. Ufratu, Gr. Eb4 parrls)

Euphrates and stretching southward to the Khanega See also:

• WADI

wadi below Suk-esh-Sheiukh . In the See also:

• RAINY, ROBERT (1826-1906)

rainy See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season this valley becomes a sea, flooded by the See also:

• DISCHARGE (adapted from the O. Fr. discharge, modern decharge, from a med. Lat. discargare, to unload, dis- and earn care, to load, cf. " charge ")

discharge of the Khanega; in summer the See also:

• ARABS

Arabs dig holes here which See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply them with brackish See also:

• WATER

water . The ruins, in which Taylor conducted brief excavations, consist of a See also:

• PLATFORM (Fr. plateforme, i.e. ground plan)

platform of See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

sand enclosed by a sandstone See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall, 20 ft. high, the corners toward the See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal points, on the N.W. part of which was a pyramidal See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower of two stages, constructed of See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

sun-dried See also:

• BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

brick, cased with a wall of See also:

• KILN (0. E. cylene, from the Lat. culina, a kitchen, cooking-stove)

kiln-burned brick, the whole still See also:

• STANDING

standing to a height of about 70 ft. above the platform . The See also:

• SUMMIT

summit of the first See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage was reached by a See also:

• STAIRCASE

staircase on the S.E. side, 15 ft. wide and 70 ft. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long, constructed of polished See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble slabs, fastened with See also:

• COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

copper bolts, flanked at the See also:

• FOOT

foot by two curious columns . An inclined road led up to the second stage on the N.W. side . Pieces of polished See also:

• ALABASTER
• ALABASTER, or ARBLASTIER, WILLIAM (1567-1640)

alabaster and marble, with small pieces of pure See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold and gold-headed copper nails, found on and about the See also:

• TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

top of the second stage, indicated that a small but richly adorned sacred chamber, apparently plated within or without in gold, formerly crowned the top of this structure . Around the whole tower was a See also:

• PAVEMENT (Lat. pavimentu;n, a floor beaten or rammed hard, from pavire, to beat)

pavement of inscribed baked bricks, resting on a layer of See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

clay 2 ft. thick .

On the S.E. part of the See also:

• TERRACE (Fr. terrace, terrasse, from It. terraccia, terrazzo, Lat. terra, earth)

terrace were the remains of several edifices, containing suites of rooms . See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

Inscriptions on the bricks identified the site as that of Eridu.' Since Taylor's time the place has not been visited by any explorer, owing to the unsafe See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of the neighbourhood; but T . K . See also:

• LOFTUS, ADAM (c. 1533-1605)

Loftus (1854) and J . P . See also:

• PETERS (or PETER), HUGH (1598–166o)
• PETERS, KARL (1856– )

Peters (189o) both See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report having seen it from the summit of Moghair . The latter states that the Arabs at that time called the ruin Nowawis, and apparently no longer knew the name Abu-Shahrein . Through an See also:

• ERROR (Lat. error, from errare, to wander, to err)

error, in many See also:

• RECENT

recent maps and Assyriological publications Eridu is described as located in the alluvial plain, between the See also:

• TIGRIS (Old Persian Tigrd, Diklat of the cuneiform inscriptions, Hiddekel of the Old Testament, Diglath of the Targum, Digla of the Arabs)

Tigris and the Euphrates . It was, in fact, an See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island city in an See also:

• ESTUARY (from the Lat. aestuarium, a place reached by aestus, the tide)

estuary of the See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian Gulf, stretching up into the Arabian 'See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau . Originally " on the See also:

• SHORE

shore of the sea," as the old records aver, it is now about 12o m. from the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the Persian Gulf . Calculating from the See also:

• PRESENT

present See also:

• RATE

rate of See also:

• DEPOSIT (Lat. depositurn, from deponere, to lay down, to put in the care of)

deposit of See also:

• ALLUVIUM

alluvium at the head of that gulf, Eridu should have been founded as See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early as the seventh See also:

• MILLENNIUM (a pseudo-Latin word formed on the analogy of biennium, triennium, from Lat. milk, a thousand, and armies, year)

millennium B.C . It is mentioned in See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical inscriptions from the earliest times onward, as See also:

• LATE

late as the 6th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century B.C .

From the evidence of Taylor's excavations, it would seem that the site was abandoned about the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the Babylonian See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period . See J . E . Taylor, See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal of the Royal See also:

• ASIATIC

Asiatic Society, vol. xv . (1855) F . See also:

• DELITZSCH
• DELITZSCH, FRANZ (1813–1890)

Delitzsch, Wo lag das Paradies ? (1881); J . P . Peters, See also:

• NIPPUR

Nippur (1897); M . Jastrow, The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria (1898); H . V . Hilprecht, Excavations in Assyria and Babylonia (19(4) ; L .

W . See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King, A See also:

• HISTORY

History of See also:

• SUMER

Sumer and See also:

• AKKAD (Gr. versions apxat and hXab)

Akkad (191o) . (J . P .