Online Encyclopedia

ERIE

Online Encyclopedia
Originally appearing in Volume V09, Page 742 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ERIE  , a

city, a
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port of entry, and the county-seat of Erie county, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., on Lake Erie, 148 m. by
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rail N. of Pittsburg and near the N.W. corner of the state . Pop . (1890) 40,634; (1900) 52,733, of whom 11,957 were
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foreign-born, including 5226 from Germany and 1468 from Ireland, and 26,797 were of foreign parentage (both parents foreign-born), including 13,316 of German parentage and 4203 of Irish parentage; (1910 census) 66,525 . Erie is served by the New York, Chicago & St Louis, the Lake
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Shore & Michigan
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Southern, the Erie & Pittsburg (Pennsylvania
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Company), the
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Philadelphia & Erie (Pennsylvania railway), and the Bessemer & Lake Erie
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railways, and by steamboat lines to many important lake ports . The city extends over an
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area of about 7 sq. m., which for the most
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part is quite level and is from 50 to 175 ft. above the lake . Erie has a
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fine harbour about 4 M. in length, more than 1 m. in width, and with an
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average
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depth of about 20 ft.; it is nearly enclosed by Presque Isle, a long narrow
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strip of
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land of about 3000 acres from 300 ft. to 1 m. in width, and the
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national government has protected its entrance and deepened its channel by constructing two long breakwaters . Most of the streets of the city are 6o ft. wide—a few are roo ft.—and nearly all intersect at right angles; they are paved with brick and asphalt, and many in the residential quarters are shaded with fine elms and maples . The city has four parks, in one of which is a soldiers' and sailors' monument of granite and
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bronze, and not far away, along the shore of lake and
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bay, are several attractive summer resorts . Among Erie's more prominent buildings are the
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United States government
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building, the city hall, the public library, and the county court house . The city's charitable institutions consist of two general hospitals, each of which has a training school for nurses; a municipal hospital, an
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orphan asylum, a home for the friendless, two old folks' homes, and a bureau of charities; here, also, on a bluff, within a large enclosure and overlooking both lake and city, is the state soldiers' and sailors' home, and near by is a monument erected to the memory of General Anthony Wayne, who died here on the 15th of December 1796 . Erie is the commercial centre of a large and rich
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grape-growing and agricultural
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district, has an extensive trade with the lake ports and by rail (chiefly in
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coal, iron ore,
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lumber and grain), and is an important manufacturing centre, among its products being iron, engines, boilers, brass castings, stoves, car heaters,
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flour, malt liquors, lumber, planing mill products, cooperage products, paper and wood pulp, cigars and other
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tobacco goods,
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gas meters, rubber goods,
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pipe
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organs, pianos and chemicals . In 1905 the city's factory products were valued at $19,911,567, the value of foundry and machine-
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shop products being $6,723,8I9, of flour and grist-mill products $1,444,450, and of malt liquors $882,493 .

The

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municipality owns and operates its
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water-
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works . On the site of Erie the French erected Fort Presque Isle in 1753, and about it founded a
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village of a few
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hundred inhabitants . George Washington, on behalf of the governor of Virginia, came in the same
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year to Fort Le Bceuf (on the site of the
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present
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Waterford), 20 m . 'distant, to protest against the French fortifying this section of country . The protest, however, was unheeded . The village was abandoned in or before 1758, owing probably to an epidemic of smallpox, and the fort was abandoned in 1759 . It was occupied by the
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British in 176o, but on the 22nd of
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June 1763 this was one of the several forts captured by the Indians during the Conspiracy of Pontiac . In 1764 the British regained nominal control and retained it until 1785, when it passed into the possession of the United States . The place was laid out as a
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town in 1795; in 1800 it became the county-seat of the newly-erected county of Erie; it was incorporated as a borough in 18o5, the charter of that year being revised in 1833; and in 1851 it was incorporated as a city . At Erie were built within less than six months most of the vessels with which Commodore Oliver H . Perry won his
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naval victory over the British off Put-in-Bay on the loth of September 1813 .

End of Article: ERIE
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