See also:

• ERINYES (Lat. Furiae)

ERINYES (See also:

• LAT

Lat. Furiae)  , in See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek See also:

• MYTHOLOGY

mythology, the avenging deities, properly the angry goddesses or goddesses of the curse pronounced upon evil-doers . According to See also:

• HESIOD

Hesiod (Theog . 185) they were the daughters of See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

Earth, and sprang from the See also:

• BLOOD

blood of the mutilated See also:

• URANUS
• URANUS (Heaven)

Uranus; in See also:

• AESCHYLUS (525–456 B.c.)

Aeschylus (Eum . 321) they are the daughters of See also:

• NIGHT

Night, in See also:

• SOPHOCLES (495-406 B.c.)

Sophocles (O.C . 40) of Darkness and Earth . Sometimes one Erinys is mentioned, sometimes several; See also:

• EURIPIDES (48o–4o6 B.C.)

Euripides first spoke of them as three in number, to whom later Alexandrian writers gave the names Alecto (unceasing in anger), Tisiphone (avenger of See also:

• MURDER

murder), Megaera (jealous) . Their See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home is the See also:

• WORLD

world below, whence they ascend to earth to pursue the wicked . They punish all offences against the See also:

• LAWS

laws of human society, such as See also:

• PERJURY (through the Anglo-Fr. perjurie, modern parjure, Lat. perjurium, a false oath, perjurare, to swear falsely)

perjury, violation of the See also:

• RITES

rites of hospitality, and, above all, the murder of relations . But they are not without benevolent and beneficent attributes . When the sinner has expiated his See also:

• CRIME (Lat. crimen, accusation)

crime they are ready to forgive . Thus, their persecution of See also:

• ORESTES

Orestes ceases after his acquittal by the See also:

• AREOPAGUS ("Apews Ilayos)

Areopagus . It is said that on this occasion they were first called See also:

• EUMENIDES (from Gr. evµevtits, kindly; di, well, and jAvos, disposition)

Eumenides (" the kindly "), a euphemistic variant of their real name .

At See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens, however, where they had a See also:

• SANCTUARY (from the late Lat. sanctuarium, a sacred place)

sanctuary at the See also:

• FOOT

foot of the Areopagus See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill and a sacred See also:

• GROVE (O.E. graf, cf. O.E. gr(efa, brushwood, later" greave "; the word does not appear in any other Teutonic language, and the New English Dictionary finds no Indo-European root to which it can be referred; Skeat considers it connected with " grave," to
• GROVE, SIR GEORGE (182o-1900)
• GROVE, SIR WILLIAM ROBERT (1811-1896)

grove at Colonus, their See also:

• REGULAR

regular name was Semnae (See also:

• VENERABLE (Lat. venerabilis, worthy of reverence, venerari, to reverence, to worship, allied to Venus, love; the Indo-Germ. root is wen-, to desire, whence Eng. " win, properly to struggle for, hence to gain)

venerable) . See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep were sacrificed to them during the night by the See also:

• LIGHT

light of torches . A festival was held in their See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour every See also:

• YEAR

year, superintended by a See also:

• SPECIAL

special priesthood, at which the offerings consisted of See also:

• MILK (0. Eng. meoluc; from a common Indo-European root, cf. Lat. mulgere, Gr. ?t dXyetv)

milk and See also:

• HONEY (Chin. me ; Sansk. madhu, mead, honey; cf. A.S. medo, medu, mead; Gr. p Xt, in which 0 or b is changed into X; Lat. mel ; Fr. miel ; A.S. hung ; Ger. Honig)

honey mixed with See also:

• WATER

water, but no See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine . In Aeschylus, the See also:

• ERINYES (Lat. Furiae)

Erinyes are represented as awful, See also:

• GORGON, GORGONS (Gr. Popyc'o, Fopyoves, the "terrible," or, according to some, the " loud-roaring ")

Gorgon-like See also:

• WOMEN

women, wearing See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long black See also:

• ROBES (Fr. robe, Late Lat. roba, raupa, meaning (1)

robes, with snaky locks, bloodshot eyes and claw-like nails . Later, they are winged maidens of serious aspect, in the garb of huntresses, with See also:

• SNAKES

snakes or torches in their See also:

• HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

hair, carrying scourges, torches or See also:

• SICKLES, DANIEL EDGAR (1825– )

sickles . The See also:

• IDENTIFICATION (Lat. idem, the same)

identification of Erinyes with See also:

• SANSKRIT

Sanskrit Saranyu, the See also:

• SWIFT
• SWIFT, JONATHAN (1667—1745)

swift-speeding See also:

• STORM (in O. Eng..storm, and so in Du. and Low Ger.; in O. H. Ger. and mod. Ger. Sturm; the root is probably that seen in " stir," to rouse, move, disturb, cf. Ger. storen)
• STORM, THEODOR WOLDSEN (1817-1888)

storm See also:

• CLOUD (from the same root, if not the same word, as " clod," a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages for a mass or lump; it is first applied in the usual sense in the late 13th century; the Anglo-Saxon chid is only used in the sense of " a ma

cloud, is rejected by See also:

• MODERN

modern etymologists; according to M . See also:

• BREAL, MICHEL JULES ALFRED (1832— )

Breal, the Erinyes are the personification of the See also:

• FORMULA
• FORMULA (Lat. diminutive of forma, shape, pattern, &c., especially used of rules of judicial procedure)

formula of imprecation (apa), while E . Rohde See also:

• SEES

sees in them the See also:

• SPIRITS

spirits of the dead, the angry souls of murdered men . See C . 0 . See also:

• MULLER, FERDINAND VON, BARON (1825–1896)
• MULLER, FRIEDRICH (1749-1825)
• MULLER, GEORGE (1805-1898)
• MULLER, JOHANNES PETER (18o1-1858)
• MULLER, JOHANNES VON (1752-1809)
• MULLER, JULIUS (18oi-1878)
• MULLER, KARL OTFRIED (1797-1840)
• MULLER, LUCIAN (1836-1898)
• MULLER, WILHELM (1794-1827)
• MULLER, WILLIAM JAMES (1812-1845)

Muller, See also:

• DISSERTATIONS

Dissertations on the Eumenides of Aeschylus, (Eng. tr., 1835) ; A . Rosenberg, See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die Erinyen (1874) ; J .

E . See also:

• HARRISON
• HARRISON, BENJAMIN
• HARRISON, FREDERIC (1831— )
• HARRISON, JOHN (1693—1776)
• HARRISON, THOMAS (16o6-166o)
• HARRISON, THOMAS ALEXANDER (1853– )
• HARRISON, WILLIAM (1534–1593)
• HARRISON, WILLIAM HENRY (1773–1841)

Harrison, Prolegomena to the Study of Greek See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

Religion (1903); and See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal of Hellenic Studies, six. p . 205, according to whom the Erinyes were primarily See also:

• LOCAL

local ancestral ghosts, potent for See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good or evil after See also:

• DEATH

death, earth genii, originally conceived as embodied in the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of snakes, whose See also:

• PRIMITIVE

primitive haunt and sanctuary was the omphalos at See also:

• DELPHI (the Pytho of Homer and Herodotus; in Boeotian inscriptions BeA4oi, on coins Aa)tg5oi)

Delphi; E . Rohde, See also:

• PSYCHE (//vxi7)

Psyche (1903); A . Rapp in See also:

• ROSCHER, WILHELM GEORG FRIEDRICH (1817–1894)

Roscher's Lexikon der Mythologie, and J . A . Hild in Daremberg and Saglin's Dictionnaire See also:

• DES

des antiquites, s. v . FURIAE .