ESCORIAL  , or EsculuAL, in See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, one of the most remarkable buildings in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, comprising at once a See also:

• CONVENT (Lat. conventus, from convenire, to come together)

convent, a See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church, a See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace and a See also:

• MAUSOLEUM

mausoleum . The Escorial is situated 3432 ft. above the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea, on the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-western slopes of the Sierra de Guadarrama, and thus within the See also:

• BORDERS, THE

borders of the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• MADRID

Madrid and the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of New See also:

• CASTILE, or CASTILLE (Castilla)

Castile . By the Madrid-See also:

• AVILA
• AVILA (anc. Abula or Avela)
• AVILA, GIL GONZALEZ DE (c. 1577-1658)

Avila railway it is 31 M . N.W. of Madrid . The surrounding See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country is a sterile and gloomy See also:

• WILDERNESS

wilderness exposed to the See also:

• COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold and blighting I/lasts of the Sierra . According to the usual tradition, which there seems no sufficient See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason to reject, the Escorial owes its existence to a See also:

• VOW (Lat. votum, vow, promise: cf. VOTE)

vow made by See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip II. of Spain (1556–1598), shortly after the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of St Quentin, in which his forces succeeded in routing the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France . The See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day of the victory, the loth of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1557, was sacred to St Laurence; and accordingly the See also:

• BUILDING

building was dedicated to that See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

saint, and received the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of El real monasterio de See also:

• SAN

San Lorenzo del Escorial . The last distinctive epithet was derived from the little See also:

• HAMLET

hamlet in the vicinity which furnished shelter, not only to the workmen, but to the monks of St Jeromewho were afterwards to be in See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the monastery; and the hamlet itself is generally but perhaps erroneously supposed to be indebted for its name to the scoriae or dross of certain old See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron mines . The preparation of the plans and the superintendence of the See also:

• WORK

work were entrusted by the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king to Juan Bautista de See also:

• TOLEDO
• TOLEDO, COUNCILS OF (Concilia toletana)

Toledo, a See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish architect who had received most of his professional See also:

• EDUCATION

education in See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy . The first See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone was laid in See also:

• APRIL

April 1563; and under the king's See also:

• PERSONAL

personal inspection the work rapidly advanced . Abundant supplies of berroquena, a See also:

• GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite-like stone, were obtained in the neighbourhood, and for rarer materials the resources of both the Old and the New See also:

• WORLD

World were put under contribution . The See also:

• DEATH

death of Toledo in 1567 threatened a fatal See also:

• BLOW, JOHN (1648-1708)

blow at the satisfactory completion of the enterprise, but a worthy successor was found in Juan See also:

• HERRERA, FERNANDO DE (c. 1534-1597)
• HERRERA, FRANCISCO (1576-1656)

Herrera, Toledo's favourite See also:

• PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil, who adhered in the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main to his See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master's designs .

On the 13th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1584 the last stone of the See also:

• MASONRY

masonry was laid, and the See also:

• WORKS

works were brought to a termination in 1593 . Each successive occupant of the Spanish See also:

• THRONE

throne has done something, however slight, to the restoration or adornment of Philip's convent-palace, and See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand VII . (1808–1833) did so much in this way that he has been called a second founder . In all its See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal features, however, the Escorial remains what it was made by the See also:

• GENIUS (from Lat. genere, gignere)

genius of Toledo and Herrera working out the See also:

• GRAND

grand, if abnormal, desires of their master . The ground See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan of the building is estimated to occupy an See also:

• AREA

area of 396,782 sq. ft., and the See also:

• TOTAL

total area of all the storeys would See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a See also:

• CAUSEWAY

causeway ',See also:

• METRE ((terpuc?, sc. rFxvf, from Gr. Or poi', measure)

metre in breadth and 95 M. in length . There are seven towers, fifteen gateways and, according to Los See also:

• SANTOS

Santos, no fewer than 12,000 windows and doors . The See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general arrangement is shown by the accompanying plan . Entering by the main entrance the visitor finds himself in an See also:

• ATRIUM (either from ater, black, referring to the blackening of the walls from the smoke of the hearth, or from the Greek aiOpeov, open to the sky, or from an Etruscan town, Atria, where the style of building is supposed to have originated)

atrium, called the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

Court of the See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

Kings (See also:

• PATIO

Patio de los reyes), from the 16th-See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century statues of the kings of See also:

• JUDAH

Judah, by Juan Bautista Monegro, which adorn the See also:

• FACADE

facade of the church . The sides of the atrium are unfortunately occupied by See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain ungainly buildings five storeys in height, awkwardly accommodating themselves to the upward slope of the ground . Of the grandeur of the church itself, however, there can be no question: it is the finest portion of the whole Escorial, and, according to See also:

• FERGUSSON, JAMES (18o8-r886)
• FERGUSSON, ROBERT (1750-1774)
• FERGUSSON, SIR WILLIAM

Fergusson, deserves to See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank as one of the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• RENAISSANCE, THE

Renaissance churches of Europe . It is about 340 ft. from See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east to See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west by 200 from See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north to south, and thus occupies an area of about 70,000 sq. ft . The See also:

• DOME (Lat domus, house; Ital. duomo, cathedral)

dome is 6o ft. in See also:

• DIAMETER (from the Cr. &a, through, µErpov, measure)

diameter, and its height at the centre is about 320 ft .

In glaring contrast to the bold and See also:

• SIMPLE

simple forms of the See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture, which belongs to the Doric See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style, were the See also:

• BRONZE

bronze and See also:

• MARBLES

marbles and pictures of the high See also:

• ALTAR (Lat. altare, from alias, high; some ancient etymological guesses are recorded by St Isidore of Seville in Etymologiae xv. 4)

altar, the masterpiece of the Milanese Giacomo Trezzo, almost ruined by the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French in 18o8 . Directly under the altar is situated the See also:

• PANTHEON (Lat. pantheum or pantheon; Gr. srav& ov, all-holy, from re, s, all, and Oeor god)

pantheon or royal mausoleum, a richly decorated octagonal chamber with upwards of twenty niches, occupied by See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble urnas or sarcophagi, kept sacred for the dust of kings or mothers of kings . There are the remains of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles V . (1516–1556), of Philip II., and of all their successors on the Spanish throne down to Ferdinand VII., with the exception of Philip V . (17o0–1746) and Ferdinand VI . (1746–1759) . Several of the sarcophagi are still empty . For the other members of the royal See also:

• FAMILY

family there is a See also:

• SEPARATE

separate vault, known as the Panteon de los Infantes, or more familiarly by the dreadfully suggestive name of El Pudridero . The most interesting See also:

• ROOM

room in the palace is Philip II.'s See also:

• CELL (from Lat. cella, probably from an Indo-European kal —seen in Lat. celare, to hide; another suggestion connects the word with Lat. cera, wax, taking the original meaning to refer to the honeycomb)

cell, from which through an opening in the See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall he could see the celebration of See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass while too See also:

• ILL

ill to leave his See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed . The library, situated above the principal See also:

• PORTICO (Ital. for " porch," Lat. porticus)

portico, was at one See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time one of the richest in Europe, comprising the king's own collection, the extensive See also:

• BEQUEST (from 0. Eng. becwethan, to declare or express in words; cf. " quoth ")

bequest of Diego de See also:

• MENDOZA
• MENDOZA, ANTONIO HURTADO DE (1593?-1644)
• MENDOZA, DIEGO HURTADO DE (1503-1575)
• MENDOZA, PEDRO GONZALEZ DE (1428-1495)

Mendoza, Philip's See also:

• AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

ambassador to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, the spoils of the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor of See also:

• MOROCCO

Morocco, Muley Zidan (1603–1628) and various contributions from See also:

• CON

con-vents, churches and cities . It suffered greatly in the See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire of 1671, and has since been impoverished by See also:

• PLUNDER

plunder and neglect . Among its curiosities still extant are two New Testament Codices of the loth century and two of the 11th ; various works by See also:

• ALPHONSO

Alphonso the See also:

• WISE, HENRY ALEXANDER (1806-1876)
• WISE, ISAAC MAYER (1819-1900)

Wise (1252–1284), a See also:

• VIRGIL (PUBLIUS VERGILIUS MARC)
• VIRGIL, POLYDORE (c. 1470-1555)

Virgil of the 14th century, a See also:

• KORAN

Koran of the 15th, &c .

Of the Arabic See also:

• MANUSCRIPTS

manuscripts which it contained in the 17th century a See also:

• CATALOGUE (a Fr. adaptation of the Gr. KaraXoyos, a register, from Karalyety, to enrol or pick out)

catalogue was given in J . H . See also:

• HOTTINGER, JOHANN HEINRICH (162o–1667)

Hottinger's :re tit !ic~r irl_ v" c_u) }} N ........ mm:1:UIHttIU H 2,1 21 21 } 21 J SJ See also:

• BIRD

BIRD'S See also:

• EYE
• EYE (O. Eng. edge, Ger. Auge; derived from an Indo-European root also seen in Lat. oc-ulus, the organ of vision (q.v.)

EYE VIEW . I S11111el Views and Plan of the Escorial.' 14 . See also:

• CHAPEL

Chapel of the Cristo de la buena muerte . 27 . Old theological See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall . CHURCH 15 . Chapel of the Eleven Thousand Virgins . 28 . Chamber of secrets .

I . Principal entrance and portico . 16 . Former Chapel of the Patrocinio . 29 . Old See also:

• REFECTORY (med. Lat. refectorium, from reficere, to refresh)

refectory . 2 . Court of the kings (Patio de los reyes) . 17 . See also:

• SACRISTY (through Fr. sacrist-le, from med. Lat. sacristies or sacristina)

Sacristy . 30 . Entrance to the See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college .

3 . See also:

• VESTIBULE (from Lat. vestibulum)

Vestibule of the church . PALACE 31 . College yard . 4 . See also:

• CHOIR (0. Fr. cuer from Lat. chorus; pronounced quire, and until the end of the 17th century so spelt, the spelling being altered to agree with the Fr. chceur)

Choir of the seminarists . 18 . 'Principal court of the palace . CONVENT 5 . Centre of the church and See also:

• PROJECTION

projection of the 19 . Ladies' See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower . dome .

20 . Court of the masks . 32 . See also:

• CLOCK

Clock tower . 6 . Greater chapel . 21 . Apartments of the royal See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children . 33 . Principal See also:

• CLOISTER (Lat. claustrum; Fr. cloitre; Ital. chiostro; Span. claustro; Ger. Kloster)

cloister . 7 . High altar .

22 . Royal See also:

• ORATORY (Lat. oratorio, sc. ors; from orare, to speak or pray)

oratory . 34 . Court of the evangelists . 8 . Chapel of St See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John . 23 . Oratory where Philip II. died . 35 . See also:

• PRIOR (from Lat. prior—former, and hence superior, through O. Fr. priour)
• PRIOR, MATTHEW (1664-1721)

Prior's cell . 9- Chapel of St See also:

• MICHAEL
• MICHAEL (1596-1645)
• MICHAEL (Hebrew Sn,q, " Who is like God? ")

Michael . See also:

• SEMINARY (Lat. seminarium, from semen, seed)

SEMINARY 36 .

Archives . to . Chapel of St See also:

• MAURICE (1521–1553)
• MAURICE (MAURICIUS FLAVIUS TIBERIUS) (c. 539–602)
• MAURICE [or MAURITIUS], ST (d. c. 286)
• MAURICE, JOHN FREDERICK DENISON (1805-1872)

Maurice . 37 . Old church . 24 . Entrance to seminary . I I . Chapel of the See also:

• ROSARY (Lat. rosarium)

Rosary . 38 . Visitors' hall . 12 .

See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

Tomb of Louisa Carlota . 25 . Classrooms . 39 . See also:

• MANUSCRIPT

Manuscript library . 13 . Chapel of the Patrocinio . 26 . Old philosophical hall . 40 . Convent refectory . Promptuarium sive bibliotheca orientalis, published at See also:

• HEIDELBERG

Heidelberg in 1658, and another in the 18th, in M .

See also:

• CASIRI, MIGUEL (1710-1791)

Casiri's Bibliotheca Arabico-Hispanica (2 vols., Madrid, 176o-1770) . Of the See also:

• ARTISTIC

artistic treasures with which the Escorial was gradually enriched, it is sufficient to mention the frescoes of Peregrin or Pellagrino Tibaldi, Luis de Carbajal, Bartolommeo See also:

• CARDUCCI, BARTOLOMMEO (156o-161o)
• CARDUCCI, GIOSUE (1836-1907)

Carducci or Carducho, and Luca See also:

• GIORDANO, LUCA (1632–1705)

Giordano, and the pictures of See also:

• TITIAN
• TITIAN (c. 1477-1576)

Titian, See also:

• TINTORETTO, JACOPO ROBUSTI (1518-1594)

Tintoretto and Velasquez . These paintings all date from the 15th or the 17th century . Many of those that are movable have been transferred to Madrid, and many others have perished by fire or See also:

• SACK

sack . The conflagration of 1671, already mentioned, raged for fifteen days, and only the church, a See also:

• PART

part of the palace, and two towers escaped uninjured . In 18o8 the whole building was exposed to the ravages of the French soldiers under General La See also:

• HOUSSAYE, ARSINE (1815-1896)

Houssaye . On the See also:

• NIGHT

night of the 1st of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1872, the college and seminary, a part of the palace and the upper library were devastated by fire; but the damage was subsequently repaired . In 1885 the conventual buildings were occupied by Augustinian monks . The reader will find a remarkable description of the emotional See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of the Escorial in E . See also:

• QUINET, EDGAR (1803-1875)

Quinet's Vacances en Espagne (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1846), and for See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical and architectural details he may consult the following works:-Fray Juan de San Geronimo, Memorias sobre la fundacion del Escorial y su fabrica, in the Coleccion de documentos ineditos See also:

• PARE, AMBROISE (1510-1590)

pare la historic de Espana, vol. vii.; Y. de Herrera, Sumario y breve See also:

• DECLARATION (from Lat. declarare, to make fully clear, clams)

declaration de los disenos y estampas de la fab. de S . Lorencio el Real del Escurial (Madrid, 1589); Jose de Siguenza, Historic de la orden de San Geronyno, &c . (Madrid, 1590) .

' Reduced from a large plan of the Escorial in the See also:

• BRITISH

British Museum, Monasterio del Escorial, published at Madrid in 1876 . L. de See also:

• CABRERA, RAMON (1806-1877)

Cabrera de See also:

• CORDOVA (Span. C6rdoba)
• CORDOVA (Span. Cordoba; Lat. Corduba)

Cordova, Felipe Segundo (Madrid, 1619) ; See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James Wadsworth, Further Observations of the See also:

• ENGLISH

English Spanish Pilgrime (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1629, 1630) ; Ilario Mazzorali de See also:

• CREMONA
• CREMONA, LUIGI (1830-1903)

Cremona, Le Reali Grandezze del Escuriale (See also:

• BOLOGNA
• BOLOGNA, GIOVANNI DA (1524–1608)

Bologna, 1648) ; De los Santos, Descripcion del real monasterio, &c . (Madrid, 1657) ; See also:

• ANDRES, JUAN (1740-1817)

Andres Ximenes, Descripcion, &c . (Madrid, 1764) ; Y . Quevedo, Historia del Real Monasterio, &c . (Madrid, 1849) ; A . Rotondo, Hist. artistica, . . . del monasterio de San Lorenzo (Madrid, 1856–1861); W . H . See also:

• PRESCOTT, WILLIAM HICKLING (1796-1859)

Prescott, See also:

• LIFE

Life of Philip II . (London, 1887) ; J . Fergusson, See also:

• HISTORY

History of the See also:

• MODERN

Modern Styles of Architecture (London, 1891–1893) ; See also:

• SIR

Sir W .

See also:

• STIRLING
• STIRLING, JAMES (1692-1770)
• STIRLING, JAMES HUTCHISON (182o-1909)
• STIRLING, MARY ANNE [FANNY] (1815-1895)
• STIRLING, WILLIAM ALEXANDER, (titular) EARL OF (1726—1783)
• STIRLING, WILLIAM ALEXANDER, EARL OF (c. 1567-1640)

Stirling-See also:

• MAXWELL
• MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK (1831–1879)

Maxwell, See also:

• ANNALS (Annales, from annus, a year)

Annals of the Artists of Spain (London, 1891) .