See also:ARTHUR See also:CAPEL See also:ESSEX
, 1ST' See also:EARL OF (1632-1683), See also:English statesman, son of See also:Arthur, 1st See also:Baron See also:Capel of Hadham (c
.
1641), executed in 1649, and of See also:Elizabeth, daughter and See also:heir of See also:Sir See also:Charles See also:Morrison of Cashiobury in See also:Hertfordshire, was baptized on the 2-8th of See also:January 1632
.
In See also:June 1648, then a sickly boy of sixteen, he was taken by'See also:Fairfax's soldiers from Hadham to See also:Colchester, which his See also:father was defending, and carried every See also:day See also:round the See also:works with the See also:hope of inducing See also:Lord Capel to surrender the See also:place
.
At the restoration he was created See also:Viscount See also:Malden and earl of See also:Essex (2othof See also:April 1661), with See also:special See also:remainder to the male issue of his father, and was made lord-See also:lieutenant of Hertfordshire and a few years later of See also:Wiltshire.'
He See also:early showed himself antagonistic to the See also:court, to See also:Roman Catholicism, and to the See also:extension of the royal See also:prerogative, and was coupled by Charles II. with See also:Holles as " stiff and sullen men," who would not yield against their convictions to his solicitations
.
In 1669 he was sent as See also:ambassador to See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King See also:Christian V. of Den-See also:mark, in which capacity he gained See also:credit by refusing to strike his See also:flag to the See also:governor of Kronborg
.
In 1672 he was made a privy councillor and lord-lieutenant of See also:Ireland
.
He remained in See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office till 1697, and his See also:administration was greatly commended by See also:Burnet and See also:Ormonde,' the former describing it "as a See also:pattern to all that come after him." He identified himself with Irish interests, and took immense pains to understand the constitution and the See also:political necessities of the See also:country, appointing men of real merit to office, and maintaining an exceptional See also:independence from solicitation and See also:influence
.
He held a just See also:balance between the Roman Catholics, the English See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church and the Presbyterians, protecting the former as far as public See also:opinion in See also:England would permit, and governing the native Irish with firmness and moderation
.
The purity and patriotism of his administration were in strong contrast to the hopeless corruption prevalent in that at See also:home and naturally aroused See also:bitter opposition, as an obstacle to the unscrupulous employment of Irish revenues for the See also:satisfaction of the court and the king's expenses
.
In particular he came into conflict with Lord See also:Ranelagh, to whom had been assigned the Irish revenues on See also:condition of his supplying the requirements of the See also:crown, and whose accounts Essex refused to pass
.
He opposed strongly the lavish gifts of forfeited estates to court'favourites and mistresses, prevented the See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
grant of See also:Phoenix See also:Park to the duchess of See also:Cleveland, and refused to encumber the administration by granting reversions
.
Finally the intrigues of his enemies at home, and Charles's continual demands for See also:money, which Ranelagh undertook to satisfy, brought about his recall in April 1677
.
He immediately joined the country party and the opposition to See also:Danby's See also:government, and on the latter's fall in 1679 was appointed a See also:commissioner of the See also:treasury, and the same See also:year a member of Sir See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Temple's new-modelled See also:council, He followed the See also:lead of See also:Halifax, who advocated not the exclusion of See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James, but the See also:limitation of his See also:sovereign See also:powers, and looked to the See also:prince of See also:Orange rather than to See also:Monmouth as the See also:leader of Protestantism, incurring thereby the hostility of See also:Shaftesbury, but at the same See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time gaining the confidence of Charles
.
He was appointed by Charles together with Halifax to hear the charges against See also:Lauderdale
.
In See also:July he wrote a See also:wise and statesmanlike See also:letter to the king, advising him to renounce his project of raising a new See also:company of See also:guards
.
Together with Halifax he urged Charles to summon the See also:parliament, and after his refusal resigned the treasury in See also:November, the real cause being, according to one See also:account,' a demand upon the treasury by the duchess of Cleveland for £25,000, according to another " the niceness of touching See also:French money," " that makes my Lord Essex's squeasy See also:stomach that it can no longer See also:digest his employment." 5
' i.e. in the Capel See also:line
.
'Hist
.
See also:MSS
.
See also:Comm. See also:ser.; See also:Duke of See also:Beaufort's MSS
.
45
.
'See also:Life of Ormonde, by T
.
See also:Carte, viii
.
468 (1851), vol. iv. p
.
529
.
' Hist
.
MSS
.
Comm
.
7th See also:Rep. app
.
477b
.
5 lb
.
6th Rep. app
.
74113
.
Subsequently his political attitude underwent a See also:change, the exact cause of which is not clear—probably a growing conviction of the dangers threatened by a Roman See also:Catholic sovereign of the See also:character of James
.
He now, in 168o, joined Shaftesbury's party and supported the Exclusion See also:Bill, and on its rejection by the Lords carried a See also:motion for an association to execute the See also:- SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)
scheme of expedients promoted by Halifax
.
On the 25th of January 1681 at the See also:head of fifteen peers he presented a See also:petition to the king, couched in exaggerated See also:language, requesting the See also:- ABANDONMENT (Fr. abandonnement, from abandonner, to abandon, relinquish; abandonner was originally equivalent to mettred banddn, to leave to the jurisdiction, i.e. of another, bandon being from Low Latin bandum, bannum, order, decree, " ban ")
abandonment of the session of parliament at See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford
.
He was a jealous prosecutor of the Roman Catholics in the popish See also:plot, and voted for See also:Stafford's See also:- ATTAINDER (from the O. Fr. ataindre, ateindre, to attain, i.e. to strike, accuse, condemn; Lat. attingere, tangere, to touch; the meaning has been greatly affected by the confusion with Fr. taindre, teindre, to taint, stain, Lat. tingere, to dye)
attainder, on the other See also:hand interceding for See also:Archbishop See also:Plunket, implicated in the pretended Irish plot
.
He, however, refused to follow Shaftesbury in his extreme courses, declined participation in the latter's See also:design to seize the See also:Tower in 1682, and on Shaftesbury's consequent departure from England became the leader of Monmouth's See also:faction, in which were now included Lord See also:- RUSSELL (FAMILY)
- RUSSELL, ISRAEL COOK (1852- )
- RUSSELL, JOHN (1745-1806)
- RUSSELL, JOHN (d. 1494)
- RUSSELL, JOHN RUSSELL, 1ST EARL (1792-1878)
- RUSSELL, JOHN SCOTT (1808–1882)
- RUSSELL, LORD WILLIAM (1639–1683)
- RUSSELL, SIR WILLIAM HOWARD
- RUSSELL, THOMAS (1762-1788)
- RUSSELL, WILLIAM CLARK (1844– )
Russell, Algernon See also:Sidney, and Lord See also:Howard of Escrick
.
Essex took no See also:part in the wilder schemes of the party, but after the See also:discovery of the See also:Rye See also:House Plot in June 1683, and the See also:capture of the leaders, he was arrested at Cashiobury and imprisoned in the Tower
.
His See also:spirits and fortitude appear immediately to have abandoned him, and on the 13th of July he was discovered in his chamber with his See also:throat cut
.
His See also:death was attributed, quite groundlessly, to Charles and James, and the See also:evidence points clearly if not conclusively to See also:suicide, his See also:motive being possibly to prevent an attainder and preserve his See also:estate for his See also:family
.
He, was, however, undoubtedlya victim of the See also:Stuart administration, and theantagonism and tragic end of men like Essex, deserving men, naturally devoted to the See also:throne, constitutes a severe See also:indictment of the Stuart See also:rule
.
He was a statesman of strong and sincere patriotism, just and unselfish, conscientious and laborious in the fulfilment of public duties, blameless in his See also:official and private life
.
See also:Evelyn describes him as " a sober, wise, judicious and pondering See also:person, not illiterate beyond the rule of most noblemen in this See also:age, very well versed in English See also:history and affairs, industrious, frugal, methodical and every way accomplished "; and declares he was much deplored, few believing he had ever harboured any seditious designs.' He married See also:Lady Elizabeth See also:Percy, daughter of Algernon, loth earl of See also:Northumberland, by whom, besides a daughter, he had an only son Algernon (167o-1710), who succeeded him as 2nd earl of Essex
.
End of Article: