See also:

• COMTE, AUGUSTE [ISIDORE AUGUSTE MARIE FRANCOIS XAVIER] (1798-1857)

COMTE See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

CHARLES See also:

• HECTOR

HECTOR See also:

• COMTE CHARLES HECTOR ESTAING

ESTAING  D' (1729-1794), See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• ADMIRAL

admiral, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at the See also:

• CHATEAU (from Lat. castellum, fortress, through O. Fr. chastel, chasteau)

chateau of Ruvel, See also:

• AUVERGNE

Auvergne, in 1729 . He entered the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army as a See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

colonel of See also:

• INFANTRY

infantry, and in 1757 he accompanied See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count de See also:

• LALLY, THOMAS ARTHUR, COMTE DE

Lally to the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East Indies, with the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of brigadier-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general . In 1759 he was made prisoner at the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of See also:

• MADRAS

Madras, but was released on See also:

• PAROLE (shortened from the Fr. parole d'honneur, word of honour)

parole . Before the ratification of his See also:

• EXCHANGE

exchange he obtained command of some vessels, and conducted various See also:

• NAVAL

naval attacks against the See also:

• ENGLISH

English; and having, on his return to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France in 1760, fallen accidentally into their hands, he was, on the ground of having broken his parole, thrown into See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison at See also:

• PORTSMOUTH
• PORTSMOUTH, EARLS OF
• PORTSMOUTH, LOUISE DE

Portsmouth, but as the See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge could not be properly substantiated he was soon afterwards released . In 1763 he was named See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant-general in the See also:

• NAVY

navy, and in 1777 See also:

• VICE

vice-admiral; and in 1778 he obtained the command of a See also:

• FLEET

fleet intended to assist the See also:

• UNITED

United States against See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain . He sailed on the 13th of See also:

• APRIL

April, and between the 11th and the 22nd of See also:

• JULY

July, blockaded See also:

• HOWE
• HOWE, EIJAS (1819 — 1867)
• HOWE, JOHN (1630-17o6)
• HOWE, JOSEPH (1804–1873)
• HOWE, JULIA WARD (1819–1910)
• HOWE, RICHARD HOWE, EARL (1726-1799)
• HOWE, SAMUEL GRIDLEY (1801-1876)
• HOWE, WILLIAM HOWE, 5TH VISCOUNT (1729-1814)

Howe at Sandy See also:

• HOOK, JAMES CLARKE (1819-1907)
• HOOK, THEODORE EDWARD (1788-1841)
• HOOK, WALTER FARQUHAR (1798-1875)

Hook, but did not venture to attack him, though greatly See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior in force . In See also:

• CONCERT (through the French from Lat. con-, with, and certare, to strive)

concert with the See also:

• AMERICAN

American generals, he planned an attack on See also:

• NEWPORT

Newport, preparatory to which he compelled the See also:

• BRITISH

British to destroy some See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war vessels that were in the See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour; but before the concerted attack could take See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place, he put to See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea against the English fleet, under See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord Howe, when owing to a violent See also:

• STORM (in O. Eng..storm, and so in Du. and Low Ger.; in O. H. Ger. and mod. Ger. Sturm; the root is probably that seen in " stir," to rouse, move, disturb, cf. Ger. storen)
• STORM, THEODOR WOLDSEN (1817-1888)

storm, which arose suddenly and compelled the two fleets to See also:

• SEPARATE

separate before engaging in See also:

• BATTLE

battle, many of his vessels were so shattered that he found it necessary to put into See also:

• BOSTON
• BOSTON, THOMAS (1676-1732)

Boston for See also:

• REPAIRS (from Lat. reparare, to make ready again)

repairs . He then sailed for the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West Indies on the 4th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November . After a feeble See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to retake See also:

• SANTA

Santa See also:

• LUCIA (or LucY), ST

Lucia from Admiral See also:

• BARRINGTON, DAINES (1727-1800)
• BARRINGTON, GEORGE (b. 1755)
• BARRINGTON, JOHN SHUTE, 1ST V1SCOUNT (1678-1734)
• BARRINGTON, SAMUEL (1729-1800)
• BARRINGTON, SHUTE (1734-1826)
• BARRINGTON, WILLIAM WILDMAN SHUTE, 2ND VISCOUNT (1717-1793)

Barrington, he captured St See also:

• VINCENT (or VINCENTIUS), ST
• VINCENT, GEORGE (1796-1831?)
• VINCENT, MARY ANN (1818-1887)

Vincent and See also:

• GRENADA

Grenada . On the 6th of July 1779 he fought a See also:

• DRAWN

drawn battle with Admiral See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• BYRON, GEORGE GORDON BYRON, 6TH BARON (1788-1824)
• BYRON, HENRY JAMES (1834-1884)
• BYRON, HON
• BYRON, JOHN BYRON

Byron, who retired to St See also:

• CHRISTOPHER, SAINT (Christophorus, Christoferus)

Christopher . Though superior in force, D'See also:

• ESTAING, CHARLES HECTOR, COMTE

Estaing would not attack the English in the roadstead, but set See also:

• SAIL

sail to attack See also:

• SAVANNAH

Savannah . All his attempts, as well as those of the Americans, against the See also:

• TOWN

town were repulsed with heavy loss, and he was finally compelled to retire .

He returned to France in 1780 . I-Ie was in command of the combined fleet before See also:

• CADIZ
• CADIZ (Cadiz)
• CADIZ (in Lat. Gades, and formerly called Cales by the English)

Cadiz when the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace was signed in 1783; but from that See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time his See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention was devoted to politics . In 1787 he was elected to the See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly of the notables; in 1789 he was appointed commandant of the See also:

• NATIONAL

national guard; and in 1792 he was chosen admiral by the National Assembly . Though in favour of national reform he continued to cherish a strong feeling of See also:

• LOYALTY

loyalty to the royal See also:

• FAMILY

family, and on the trial of See also:

• MARIE

Marie Antoinette in 1793 See also:

• BORE

bore testimony in her favour . On this See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account, and because of certain friendly letters which had passed between him and the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen, he was himself brought to trial, and was executed on the 28th of April 1794 . See Marina et soldats See also:

• FRANCAIS, ANTOINE, COUNT (1756-1836)

francais en Amerique, by the Viscomte de See also:

• NOAILLES

Noailles (1903) ; Beatson, Naval and Military See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs of Great Britain, vol. v .