ETHELBALD  , See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of Wessex, was the son of rzEthelwulf, with whom he led the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West See also:

• SAXONS

Saxons to victory against the Danes at Aclea, 851 . According to See also:

• ASSER, or ASSERIUS MENEVENSIS (d. c. 910)

Asser he rebelled against his See also:

• FATHER

father on the latter's return from See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome in 856, and deprived him of Wessex, which he ruled until his See also:

• DEATH

death in 86o . On his father's death in 858 he married his widow, See also:

• JUDITH, THE BOOK OF

Judith . See Asser, See also:

• LIFE

Life of See also:

• ALFRED

Alfred (W . H . See also:

• STEVENSON, ADLA1 EWING (1835- )
• STEVENSON, ROBERT (1772-1850)
• STEVENSON, ROBERT LEWIS BALFOUR (1850-1894)

Stevenson, 1904), 12; Saxon See also:

• CHRONICLE (from Gr. Xpovos, time)

Chronicle, s.a . 851, 855, 86o . 1ETHELBERHT, king of See also:

• KENT
• KENT, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• KENT, JAMES (1763-1847)
• KENT, WILLIAM (1685-1748)

Kent, son of Eormenric, probably came to the See also:

• THRONE

throne in A.D . 560 . The first recorded event of his reign was a serious See also:

• REVERSE

reverse at the hands of See also:

• CEAWLIN (d. 593)

Ceawlin of Wessex in the See also:

• YEAR

year 568 (Chronicle) at a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place called Wibbandune. iEthelberht married Berhta, daughter of See also:

• CHARIBERT (d. 567)

Charibert, king of See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, who brought over See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

Bishop Liudhard as her private See also:

• CONFESSOR

confessor . According to See also:

• BEDE, BEDA, or B
• BEDE, CUTHBERT

Bede, sEthelberht's supremacy in 597 stretched over all the See also:

• ENGLISH

English kingdoms as far as the See also:

• HUMBER

Humber . The nature of this supremacy has been much disputed, but it was at any See also:

• RATE

rate sufficient to See also:

• GUARANTEE (sometimes spelt " guarantie " or " guaranty "; an O. Fr. form of " warrant," from the Teutonic word which appears in German as wahren, to defend or make safe and binding)

guarantee the safety of See also:

• AUGUSTINE, SAINT (354-430)
• AUGUSTINE, SAINT (d. c.613)

Augustine in his See also:

• CONFERENCE

conference with the See also:

• BRITISH

British bishops .

AEthelberht exercised a stricter sway over See also:

• ESSEX
• ESSEX, ARTHUR CAPEL
• ESSEX, EARLS OF
• ESSEX, KINGDOM OF
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX, 2ND2 EARL OF (1566-1601)
• ESSEX, WALTER DEVEREUX, IST2 EARL OF (1541–1576)

Essex, where his See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew Saberht was king . In 597 the See also:

• MISSION

mission of Augustine landed in See also:

• THANET, ISLE OF

Thanet and was received at first with some hesitation by the king . He seems to have acted with prudence and moderation during the See also:

• CONVERSION (Lat. conversio, from convertere, to turn or ,change)

conversion of his See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom and did not countenance compulsory proselytism . £Ethelberht gave Augustine a dwelling-place in See also:

• CANTERBURY
• CANTERBURY, CHARLES

Canterbury, and z. zo See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church was consecrated in 603 . He also made grants to found the see of See also:

• ROCHESTER
• ROCHESTER, JOHN WILMOT, 2ND EARL
• ROCHESTER, LAWRENCE HYDE, EARL OF (1641-1711)

Rochester, of which Justus became first bishop in 604, and his See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence established See also:

• MELLITUS (d. 624)

Mellitus at See also:

• LONDON

London in the same year . A See also:

• CODE (Lat. codex)

code of See also:

• LAWS

laws issued' by him which is still extant is probably the See also:

• OLDEST

oldest document in the English See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language, and contains a See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of See also:

• MONEY

money fines for various crimes . Towards the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of his reign his pre-See also:

• EMINENCE (Lat. eminentia)

eminence as See also:

• BRETWALDA

Bretwalda was disturbed by the increasing See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of Rxdwald of See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East Anglia . He died probably in 616, and was succeeded by his son See also:

• EADBALD (d. 64o)

Eadbald . See Bede, Hist . Ecc . (Plummer) i . 25, 26, ii .

3, 5; Saxon Chronicle (See also:

• EARLE, JOHN (c. 16o1-1665)
• EARLE, RALPH (1751-1801)

Earle and Plummer), s.a . 568 . (F . G . M . B.) 1ETHELBERHT, king of the West Saxons, succeeded to the sub-kingdom of Kent during the lifetime of his father iEthelwulf, and retained it until the death of his See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder See also:

• BROTHER

brother IEthelbaid in 86o, when he became See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole king of Wessex and Kent, the younger See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers iEthelred and Alfred renouncing their claim . He ruled these kingdoms for five years and died in 865 . His reign was marked by two serious attacks on the See also:

• PART

part of the Danes, who destroyed See also:

• WINCHESTER
• WINCHESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Winchester in 86o, in spite of the resistance of the ealdormen Osric and sEthelwulf with the levies of See also:

• HAMPSHIRE (or COUNTY OF SOUTHAMPTON, abbreviated HANTS)

Hampshire and See also:

• BERKSHIRE [abbreviated Berks, pronounced Berkshire]
• BERKSHIRE, THOMAS HOWARD, 1ST EARL OF (1587–1669)

Berkshire, while in 865 they treacherously ravaged Kent . See Saxon Chronicle (Earle and Plummer), s.a . 86o, 865; King Alfred's Will; W. de G . See also:

• BIRCH
• BIRCH (Betula)
• BIRCH, SAMUEL (1813–1885)
• BIRCH, THOMAS (1705-1766)

Birch, Cartul . Saxon .

553 . 1ETHELFLAED (ETIHELFLEDA), the " See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

Lady of the Mercians," the eldest See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child of Alfred the See also:

• GREAT

Great, was educated with her brother See also:

• EDWARD

Edward at her father's See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court . As soon as she was of marriageable See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age (probably about A.D . 886), she was married to /See also:

• ETHELRED

Ethelred, See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• MERCIA

Mercia, to whom Alfred entrusted the See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of Mercia . On the See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession of her brother Edward, FEthelflaed and her See also:

• HUSBAND

husband continued to hold Mercia . In 907 they fortified See also:

• CHESTER
• CHESTER, EARLS OF

Chester, and in 909 and 910 either 'Ethelflaed or her husband must have led the Mercian See also:

• HOST

host at the battles of Tettenhall and Wednesfield (or Tettenhall-Wednesfield, if these battles are one and the same) . It was probably about this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time that /Ethelred See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell See also:

• ILL

ill, and the Norwegians and Danes from See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland unsuccessfully besieged Chester . FEthelflaed won the support of the Danes against the Norwegians, and seems also to have entered into an See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance with the Scots and the Welsh against the pagans . In 911 'Ethelred died and Edward took over See also:

• MIDDLESEX
• MIDDLESEX, LIONEL CRANFIELD, 1ST EARL OF (1575-1645)

Middlesex and See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford-See also:

• SHIRE

shire . Except for this IEthelflaed's authority remained unimpaired . In 912 she fortified " Scergeat " and Bridgenorth, See also:

• TAMWORTH

Tamworth and See also:

• STAFFORD
• STAFFORD, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Stafford in 913, Eddisbury and See also:

• WARWICK
• WARWICK, EARLS OF
• WARWICK, RICHARD BEAUCHAMP, EARL OF (1382—1439)
• WARWICK, RICHARD NEVILLE, EARL OF (1428—1471)
• WARWICK, SIR PHILIP (1609-1683)
• WARWICK, SIR ROBERT RICH, 2ND EARL OF (1587–1658)

Warwick in 914, Cherbury, " Weardbyrig " and See also:

• RUNCORN

Runcorn in 915 . In 916 she sent an expedition against the Welsh, which advanced as far as Brecknock .

In 917 See also:

• DERBY
• DERBY, EARLS OF

Derby was captured from the Danes, and in the next year See also:

• LEICESTER
• LEICESTER, EARLS OF
• LEICESTER, ROBERT DUDLEY, EARL
• LEICESTER, ROBERT SIDNEY, EARL OF (1563-1626)
• LEICESTER, THOMAS WILLIAM COKE, EARL OF (1754-1842)

Leicester and See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York both submitted to her . She died in the same year at Tamworth (See also:

• JUNE

June 12), and was buried in St See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter's church at See also:

• GLOUCESTER
• GLOUCESTER (abbreviated as pronounced Glo'ster)
• GLOUCESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• GLOUCESTER, GILBERT DE CLARE, EARL OF (1243-1295)
• GLOUCESTER, RICHARD DE CLARE, EARL OF (1222-1262)
• GLOUCESTER, ROBERT, EARL OF (d. 1147)
• GLOUCESTER, THOMAS OF WOODSTOCK, DUKE

Gloucester . This See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen, whose career was as distinguished as that of her father and brother, See also:

• LEFT

left one daughter, IElfwyn . For some eighteen months £Elfwyn seems to have wielded her See also:

• MOTHER

mother's authority, and then, just before the See also:

• CHRISTMAS (i.e. the Mass of Christ)

Christmas of 919, Edward took Mercia into his own hands, and IElfwyn was " led away " into Wessex . 'Ethelflaed and her husband wielded almost kingly authority, and the royal See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title is often given them by the chroniclers . See The Saxon Chronicle, sub See also:

• ANN

ann . (especially the Mercian See also:

• REGISTER

register in See also:

• MSS

MSS . B, C and D); See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence of See also:

• WORCESTER
• WORCESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• WORCESTER, JOHN TIPTOFT, EARL OF (1427—1470)
• WORCESTER, WILLIAM (c. 1415-c. 1482)

Worcester; Fragments of Irish See also:

• ANNALS (Annales, from annus, a year)

Annals (ed . O'Conor), pp . 227-237; D.N.B., s.v . (A .