EUCRATIDES  , See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• BACTRIA (Bactriana)

Bactria (c . 175–129 B.C.), came to the See also:

• THRONE

throne by a See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion against the See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty of See also:

• EUTHYDEMUS

Euthydemus, whose son See also:

• DEMETRIUS

Demetrius had conquered western See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India . His authority was challenged by a See also:

• GREAT

great many other pretenders and See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek dynasts in See also:

• SOGDIANA (Sugdiane, O. Pers. Sughuda)

Sogdiana, See also:

• ARIA (Ital. for " air ")

Aria (See also:

• HERAT

Herat), Drangiana (Sijistan), &c., whose names—Pantaleon, See also:

• AGATHOCLES (361—289 B.C.)

Agathocles, See also:

• ANTIMACHUS

Antimachus, See also:

• ANTALCIDAS

Antalcidas " the victorious " (vtKf06pos), See also:

• PLATO

Plato, whose unique See also:

• COIN
• COIN (older forms of the word are coyne, quoin and coign, all derived through the O. Fr. coing, and cuigne from Lat. cuneus, a wedge)

coin is dated from the See also:

• YEAR

year 147 of the Seleucid era (=166 B.c.), and others—are known only from coins with Greek and See also:

• INDIAN

Indian legends . In the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west the See also:

• PARTHIAN

Parthian king See also:

• MITHRADATES

Mithradates I. began to enlarge his See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom and attacked Eucratides; he succeeded in conquering two See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province between Bactria and See also:

• PARTHIA

Parthia, called by See also:

• STRABO (born c. 63 n.c.)

Strabo " the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country of Aspiones and Turiva," two Iranian names . But the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal opponent of Eucratides was Demetrius (q.v.) of India, who attacked him with a large See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army " of 300,000 men"; Eucratides fled with 300 men into a fortress and was besieged . But at last he See also:

• BEAT (a word common in various forms to the Teutonic languages; it is connected with the similar Romanic words derived from the Late Lat. battere)

beat Demetrius, and conquered a great See also:

• PART

part of western India . According to See also:

• APOLLODORUS

Apollodorus of Artemita, the historian of the Parthians, he ruled over r000 towns (Strabo xv . 686; transferred to See also:

• DIODOTUS

Diodotus of Bactria in See also:

• JUSTIN (JUNIANUS JUSTINUS)

Justin 41, 4 . 6); and the extent of his kingdom over Bactria, Sogdiana (See also:

• BOKHARA (Bokhara-i-Sherif)
• BOKHARA, or BUKHARA (the common central Asian pronunciation is Bukhara)

Bokhara), Drangiana (Sijistan), See also:

• KABUL

Kabul and the western See also:

• PUNJAB

Punjab is confirmed by numerous coins . On these coins, which See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear Greek and Indian legends (in Kharoshti See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing, cf . BACTRIA), he is called " the great King Eucratides." On one his portrait and name are associated on the See also:

• REVERSE

reverse with those of Heliocles and Laodice; Heliocles was probably his son, and the coin may have been struck to celebrate his See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage with Laodice, who seems to have been a Seleucid princess . In Bactria Eucratides founded a Greek See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, Eucratideia (Strabo xi .

516, Ptolem. vi. r r . 8) . On his return from India Eucratides was (about 150 B.C.) murdered by his son, whom he had made co-See also:

• REGENT (from Lat. regere, to rule)

regent (Justin 41, 6) . This son is probably the Heliocles just mentioned, who on his coins calls himself " the Just " ((3asnMws 'HA1oKX ovs &Kalov) . In his See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time the Graeco-Bactrian kingdom lost the countries See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of the See also:

• HINDU

Hindu Kush . Mongolian tribes, the Yue-chi of the See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese, called by the Greeks Scythians, by the See also:

• INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians See also:

• SAKA, or SHAKA

Saka, among which the Tochari are the most conspicuous, invaded Sogdiana in 159 B.C. and conquered Bactria in 139 . Meanwhile the Parthian See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings Mithradates I. and Phraates II. conquered the provinces in the west of the Hindu Kush (Justin 41, 6 . 8); for a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short time Mithradates I. extended his dominion to the See also:

• BORDERS, THE

borders of India (Diod . 33 . 18, See also:

• OROSIUS, PAULUS (fl. 415)

Orosius v . 4 . 16) .

When See also:

• ANTIOCHUS

Antiochus VII . Sidetes tried once more to restore the Seleucid dominion in 130, Phraates allied himself with the Scythians (Justin 42, 1 . 1); but after his decisive victory in 129 he was attacked by them and See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell in the See also:

• BATTLE

battle . The changed See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of affairs is shown by the numerous coins of Heliocles; while his predecessors maintained the See also:

• ATTIC (i.e. "in the Attic style ")

Attic See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard, which had been dominant throughout the Greek See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east, he on his later coins passes over to a native See also:

• SILVER

silver standard, and his See also:

• BRONZE

bronze coins became quite barbarous . Besides his coins we possess coins of many other Greek kings of these times, most of whom take the epithet of " invincible " (avLic See also:

• ROS, or DE
• ROS, SIR RICHARD (b. 1429)

ros) and "saviour" Qwrilp) . They are records of a desperate struggle of the Greeks to maintain their See also:

• NATIONALITY

nationality and See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence in the Far East; one usurper after the other See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose to fight for the See also:

• RESCUE (in Middle Eng. rescous, from O. Fr. recousse, Low Lat. rescussa, from reexcussa,reexcutere, to shake off again, re, again, ex, off, quatere, to shake)

rescue of the kingdom . But these See also:

• INTERNAL

internal See also:

• WARS

wars only accelerated the destruction; about 120 B.C. almost the whole of eastern See also:

• IRAN

Iran was in the hands either of a Parthian dynasty or of the Mongol invaders, who are now called Indo-Scythians . Only in the Kabul valley and western India the Greeks maintained themselves about two generations longer (see See also:

• MENANDER
• MENANDER (342–291 B.C.)
• MENANDER (MILINDA)

MENANDER) . (ED .