See also:

• EUGENIUS

EUGENIUS III  . (Bernardo Paganelli), See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope from the 15th cf See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1145 tO the 8th of See also:

• JULY

July 1153, a native of See also:

• PISA
• PISA, COUNCIL OF (1409)

Pisa, was See also:

• ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
• ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
• ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
• ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
• ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)

abbot of the Cistercian monastery of St See also:

• ANASTASIUS

Anastasius at See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome when suddenly elected to succeed See also:

• LUCIUS

Lucius II . His friend and instructor, See also:

• BERNARD, CHARLES DE
• BERNARD, CLAUDE (1813-1878)
• BERNARD, JACQUES (1658--1718)
• BERNARD, MOUNTAGUE (1S2o—1882)
• BERNARD, SAINT
• BERNARD, SAINT (Iogo-1153)
• BERNARD, SIMON (1779—1839)
• BERNARD, SIR THOMAS, BART

Bernard of See also:

• CLAIRVAUX

Clairvaux, the most influential ecclesiastic of the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, remonstrated against his See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of his " innocence and simplicity," but Bernard soon acquiesced and continued to be the mainstay of the papacy throughout En-See also:

• GENIUS (from Lat. genere, gignere)

genius's pontificate . It was to See also:

• EUGENIUS

Eugenius that Bernard addressed his famous See also:

• WORK

work De consideratione . Immediately after his election, the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman senators demanded the pope's renunciation of temporal See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power . He refused and fled to Farfa, where he was consecrated on the 17th of February . By treaty of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1145 he recognized the See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

republic under his See also:

• SUZERAINTY

suzerainty, substituted a papal See also:

• PREFECT (prefet)

prefect for the " patrician " and returned to Rome . The celebrated schismatic, See also:

• ARNOLD
• ARNOLD, BENEDICT (1741-1801)
• ARNOLD, GOTTFRIED (1666-1714)
• ARNOLD, MATTHEW (1822-1888)
• ARNOLD, SAMUEL (1740--18o2)
• ARNOLD, SIR EDWIN (1832-1904)
• ARNOLD, THOMAS (1745-1842)

Arnold of See also:

• BRESCIA
• BRESCIA (anc. Brixia)

Brescia, however, put himself again at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the party opposed to the temporal power of the papacy, re-established the patricianate, and forced the pope to leave Rome . Eugenius had already, on See also:

• HEARING (formed from the verb " to hear," O. Eng. hyran, heron, &c., a common Teutonic verb; cf. Ger. Koren, Dutch hooren, &c.; the O. Tent. form is seen in Goth. hausjan; the initial h makes any connexion with " ear," Lat. audire, or Gr. &Kobew very doub

hearing of the fall of See also:

• EDESSA
• EDESSA (mod. , Vodena)

Edessa, addressed a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter to See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis VII. of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France (December 1145), announcing the Second Crusade and granting plenary See also:

• INDULGENCE (Lat. indulgentia, indulgere, to grant, concede)

indulgence under the usual conditions to those who would take the See also:

• CROSS

cross; and in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1147 he journeyed to France to further preparations for the See also:

• HOLY

holy See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war and to seek aid in the See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

constant feuds at Rome . After holding synods at See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris,, See also:

• REIMS
• REIMS (RHEIMS)

Reims and See also:

• TRIER (French Troves)

Trier, he returned to See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy in See also:

• JUNE

June 1148 and took up his See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence at See also:

• VITERBO

Viterbo . The following See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month he excommunicated Arnold of Brescia in a See also:

• SYNOD
• SYNOD (Gr. vbvobos)

synod at See also:

• CREMONA
• CREMONA, LUIGI (1830-1903)

Cremona, and thenceforth devoted most of his energies to the recovery of his see . As the result of negotiations between See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick See also:

• BARBAROSSA ("Redbeard")

Barbarossa and the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans, Eugenius was finally enabled to return to Rome in December 1152, but died in the following July .

He was succeeded by Anastasius IV . Eugenius retained the stoic virtues of See also:

• MONASTICISM (Gr. p.ovacrnabs, living alone, µ6vos)

monasticism throughout his stormy career, and was deeply reverenced for his See also:

• PERSONAL

personal See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character . His See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb in St See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter's acquit .d fame for miraculous See also:

• CURES

cures, and he was pronounced blessed by See also:

• PIUS

Pius IX. in 1872 . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• SOURCES

sources for the career of Eugenius III. are his letters in J . P . See also:

• MIGNE, JACQUES PAUL (1800-1875)

Migne, See also:

• PATROL, (Fr. patrouiller, connected with pane, foot)

Patrol . See also:

• LAT

Lat., vols . 1o6, 18o, 182, and in Bibliolheque de l'Ecole See also:

• DES

des See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles, vol . 57 (Paris, 1896) ; the See also:

• LIFE

life by See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal Boso in J . M . Watterich, Pontif . Roman. vitae, vol .

2; and the life by See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John of See also:

• SALISBURY
• SALISBURY, EARLS OF
• SALISBURY, ROBERT ARTHUR TALBOT GASCOYNECECIL, 3RD MARQUESS OF (1830-1903)
• SALISBURY, ROBERT CECIL, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1565-1612)
• SALISBURY, THOMAS DE MONTACUTE, 4TH EARL OF (1388-1428)
• SALISBURY, WILLIAM LONGSWORD (or LONGESPEE), EARL OF (d. 1226)

Salisbury in Monumenta Germaniae historica . Scriptores, vol . 2o . See J . See also:

• LANGEN, JOSEPH (1837-1901)

Langen, Geschichte der romischen Kirche von Gregor VII. bis Innocenz III . (See also:

• BONN

Bonn, 1893) ; F . See also:

• GREGOROVIUS, FERDINAND (1821-1891)

Gregorovius, Rome in the See also:

• MIDDLE

Middle Ages, vol . 4, trans. by Mrs G . W . See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

Hamilton (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1900-1902) ; K . J. von See also:

• HEFELE, KARL JOSEF VON (1809-1893)

Hefele, Conciliengeschichte, Bd . 5, 2nd ed.; Jaffe-See also:

• WATTENBACH, WILHELM (1819–1897)

Wattenbach, Regesta pontif .

Roman . (1885–1888); M . Jocham, Geschichte des Lebens u. der Verehrung des seligen Papstes Eugen III . (See also:

• AUGSBURG
• AUGSBURG, CONFESSION OF
• AUGSBURG, WAR OF THE LEAGUE OF

Augsburg, 1873) ; G . Sainaci, Vita del beato Eugenio III (Pisa, 1868) ; J . Jastrow and G . See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

Winter, Deutsche Geschichte See also:

• IM(K2+a2+h2—2 ah cos 0)

im Zeitalter der See also:

• HOHENSTAUFEN

Hohenstaufen, i . (See also:

• STUTTGART

Stuttgart, 1897) ; C . See also:

• NEUMANN, FRANZ ERNST (1798-1895)
• NEUMANN, KARL FRIEDRICH (1793-1870)

Neumann, Bernhard von Clairvaux u. See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die Anfange der zweiten Kreuzzuges (See also:

• HEIDELBERG

Heidelberg, 1882) ; B . Kugler, Analekten zur Geschichte des zweiten Kreuzzugs (See also:

• TUBINGEN

Tubingen, 1878, 1883) . (C . H .