TILL See also:

• TILL EULENSPIEGEL [ULENSPIEGEL]

EULENSPIEGEL [ULENSPIEGEL]  , the name of a See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German folk-See also:

• HERO (Gr. open)
• HERO, THE YOUNGER

hero, and the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of a popular German See also:

• CHAPBOOK (from the O. Eng. chap, to buy and sell)

chapbook on the subject, of the beginning of the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . The See also:

• OLDEST

oldest existing German See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text of the See also:

• BOOK

book was printed at See also:

• STRASSBURG, or STRASBURG (French Strasbourg)

Strassburg in 1515 (Ein kurtzweilig lesen von Dyl Vlenspiegel geboren vss dem See also:

• LAND

land zit Brunsswick), and again in 1519 . This is not in the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original See also:

• DIALECT (from Gr. Sia stcror, conversation, manner of speaking, &aXeyec6at, to converse)

dialect, which was undoubtedly See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

Low Saxon, but in High German, the See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation having been formerly ascribed—but on insufficient See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence—to the See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic satirist See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• MURNER, THOMAS (1475-1537 ?)

Murner . Its hero, Till See also:

• EULENSPIEGEL [ULENSPIEGEL], TILL

Eulenspiegel or Ulenspiegel, the son of a See also:

• PEASANT (O. Fr. paysant, Mod. paysan; Lat. pagensis, belonging to the pagus or country; cf. " pagan ")

peasant, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Kneitlingen in See also:

• BRUNSWICK
• BRUNSWICK (Ger. Braunschweig)
• BRUNSWICK, KARL WILHELM FERDINAND, DUKE OF (1735-18o6)

Brunswick, at the end of the 13th or at the beginning of the 14th century . He died, according to tradition, at Molln near See also:

• LUBECK

Lubeck in 1350 . The jests and See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical jokes ascribed to him were collected—if we may believe a statement in one of the old prints—in 1483; but in any See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case the edition of 1515 was not even the oldest High German edition . Eulenspiegel himself is locally associated with the Low German See also:

• AREA

area extending from See also:

• MAGDEBURG

Magdeburg to See also:

• HANOVER
• HANOVER (Ger. Hannover)

Hanover, and from See also:

• LUNEBURG

Luneburg to the Harz Mountains . He is the wily peasant who loves to exercise his wit and roguery on the tradespeople of the towns, above all, on the innkeepers; but priests, noblemen, even princes, are also among his victims . His victories are often pointless, more often brutal; he stoops without hesitation to scurrility and See also:

• OBSCENITY (from the adjective " obscene," Lat. obscenus, evil-looking, filthy)

obscenity, while of the finer, sharper wit which the humanists and the Italians introduced into the See also:

• ANECDOTE (from av-, privative, and isSLSwµu, to give out or publish)

anecdote, he has little or nothing . His jests are coarsely practical, and his See also:

• SATIRE (Lat. satira, satura; see below)

satire turns on class distinctions . In fact, this chapbook might be described as the See also:

• RETALIATION

retaliation of the peasant on the townsman who in the 14th and 15th centuries had begun to look down upon the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country boor as a natural inferior . In spite of its essentially Low German See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, Eulenspiegel was extremely popular in other lands, and, at an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early date, was translated into Dutch, See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French, See also:

• ENGLISH

English, Latin, Danish, See also:

• SWEDISH

Swedish, Bohemian and See also:

• POLISH

Polish .

In See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, " Howleglas " (Scottish, Holliglas) was See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long a See also:

• FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar figure; his jests were rapidly adapted to English conditions, and appropriated in the collections associated with See also:

• ROBIN

Robin Goodfellow, Scogan and others . See also:

• BEN (from Old Eng. bennan, within)

Ben See also:

• JOHNSON, ANDREW
• JOHNSON, ANDREW (1808–1875)
• JOHNSON, BENJAMIN (c. 1665-1742)
• JOHNSON, EASTMAN (1824–1906)
• JOHNSON, REVERDY (1796–1876)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD (1573–1659 ?)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD MENTOR (1781–1850)
• JOHNSON, SAMUEL (1709-1784)
• JOHNSON, SIR THOMAS (1664-1729)
• JOHNSON, SIR WILLIAM (1715–1774)
• JOHNSON, THOMAS

Johnson refers to him as " Howleglass " and " Ulenspiegel in his Masque of the Fortunate Isles, Poetaster, Alchemist and Sad Shepherd, and a See also:

• VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse by See also:

• TAYLOR
• TAYLOR, ANN (1782-1866)
• TAYLOR, BAYARD (1825–1878)
• TAYLOR, BROOK (1685–1731)
• TAYLOR, ISAAC (1787-1865)
• TAYLOR, ISAAC (1829-1901)
• TAYLOR, JEREMY (1613-1667)
• TAYLOR, JOHN (158o-1653)
• TAYLOR, JOHN (1704-1766)
• TAYLOR, JOSEPH (c. 1586-c. 1653)
• TAYLOR, MICHAEL ANGELO (1757–1834)
• TAYLOR, NATHANIEL WILLIAM (1786-1858)
• TAYLOR, PHILIP MEADOWS (1808–1876)
• TAYLOR, ROWLAND (d. 1555)
• TAYLOR, SIR HENRY (1800-1886)
• TAYLOR, THOMAS (1758-1835)
• TAYLOR, TOM (1817-1880)
• TAYLOR, WILLIAM (1765-1836)
• TAYLOR, ZACHARY (1784-1850)

Taylor the " See also:

• WATER

water poet " would seem to imply that the " Owliglasse " was a familiar popular type . Till Eulenspiegel's " merry pranks " have been made the subject of a well-known orchestral See also:

• SYMPHONY

symphony by See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard See also:

• STRAUSS, DAVID FRIEDRICH (1808-1874)
• STRAUSS, JOHANN (1804-1849)
• STRAUSS, RICHARD (1864– )

Strauss . In See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, it may be noted, the name has given rise to the words espiegle and espieglerie . The Strassburg edition of 1515 (See also:

• BRITISH

British Museum) has been re-printed by H . Knust in the Neudrucke deutscher Literaturwerke See also:

• DES

des z6. and 17 . Jahrh . No . 55-56 (1885) ; that of 1519 by J . M . See also:

• LAPPENBERG

Lappenberg, Dr Thomas Murners Ulenspiegel (1854) . W .

See also:

• SCHERER, EDMOND HENRI ADOLPHE (1815-1889)
• SCHERER, WILHELM (1841-1886)

Scherer (" See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die Anfange des Prosaromans in Deutschland," in Quellen and Forschungen, vol. xxi., 1877, pp . 28 if. and 78 ff.) has shown that there must have been a still earlier High German edition . See also C . See also:

• WALTER, HUBERT (d. 1205)
• WALTER, JOHN (1738/9-1812)

Walter in Niederdeutsches Jahrbuch, xix . (1894), pp . I if . Further See also:

• EDITIONS

editions appeared at See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne, printed by Servais Kruffter, undated (reproduced in photo-See also:

• LITHOGRAPHY (Gr. MOOS, a stone, and ypakecv, to write)

lithography from the two imperfect copies in See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin and See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna, 1865); See also:

• ERFURT

Erfurt, 1532, 1533–1537 and 1538; Cologne, 1539; Strassburg, 1539; See also:

• AUGSBURG
• AUGSBURG, CONFESSION OF
• AUGSBURG, WAR OF THE LEAGUE OF

Augsburg, 1540 and 1541; Strassburg, 1543; See also:

• FRANKFORT

Frankfort on the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

Main, 1545; Strassburg, 1551; Cologne, 1554, &c . Johann See also:

• FISCHART, JOHANN (c. 1545–1591)

Fischart published an See also:

• ADAPTATION (from Lat. adaptare. to fit to)

adaptation in verse, Der Eulenspiegel Reimensweis (Strassburg, 1571), K . See also:

• SIMROCK, KARL JOSEPH (1802-1876)

Simrock a modernization in 1864 (2nd ed., 1878) ; there is also one by K . See also:

• PANNIER (Fr. panier, Lat. panarium, a basket for carrying bread, panis)

Pannier in Reclam's Universalbibiiothek (1883) . The earliest translation was that into Dutch, printed by Hoochstraten at See also:

• ANTWERP
• ANTWERP (Fr. Anvers)

Antwerp (Royal See also:

• LIB

Lib., See also:

• COPENHAGEN (Danish Kjobenhavn)

Copenhagen) ; it is undated, but may have appeared as early as 1512 . See facsimile reprint by M .

Nijhoff (the See also:

• HAGUE, THE (in Dutch, 's Gravenhage, or, abbreviated, den Haag; in Fr. La Haye; and in Late Lat. Haga Comitis)

Hague, 1898) . This served as the basis for the first French version: Ulenspiegel, de sa See also:

• VIE

vie, de ses cenvres et merveilleuses aduentures See also:

• PAR (Lat. par, equal)

par luy faictes . . nouuellement translate et corrige de Flamant en Francoys (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1532) . Reprint, edited by P . Jannet (1882) . This was followed by upwards of twenty French editions down to the beginning of the 18th century . The latest translation is that by J . C . Delepierre (See also:

• BRUGES (Flemish Brugge, a name signifying the bridge or place of bridges)

Bruges, 1835 and 1840) . Cf . See also:

• PRUDENTIUS, AURELIUS CLEMENS (348-c. 410)

Prudentius See also:

• VAN

van Duyse, Etude litteraire sur See also:

• TIEL

Tiel l'Espiegle (See also:

• GHENT (Flem. Gent, Fr. Gand)

Ghent, 1858) . The first See also:

• COMPLETE

complete English translation was also made from the Dutch, and bears the title: Here beginneth a merye Jest of a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man called Howleglas, &c., printed by See also:

• COPLAND, ROBERT (fi. 1515)

Copland in three editions, probably between 1548 and 156o .

Re-See also:

• PRINT

print by F . Ouvry (1867) . This, however, was itself merely a re-print of a still older English edition (1518?), of which the British Museum possesses fragments . Reprinted by F . See also:

• BRIE (Briegus saltus, from Celtic briek, clay)

Brie, Eulenspiegel in England (1903) . In 1720 appeared The German See also:

• ROGUE

Rogue, or the See also:

• LIFE

Life and Merry Adventures of Tiel Eulenspiegel . Made English from the High-Dutch; and an English illustrated edition, adapted by K . R . H . See also:

• MACKENZIE
• MACKENZIE, ALEXANDER (1822-1892)
• MACKENZIE, HENRY (1745-1831)
• MACKENZIE, SIR ALEXANDER (c. 1755-1820)
• MACKENZIE, SIR ALEXANDER CAMPBELL (1847— )
• MACKENZIE, SIR GEORGE (1636-1691)
• MACKENZIE, SIR MORELL (1837-1892)
• MACKENZIE, WILLIAM LYON (1795-1861)

Mackenzie in 1880 (2nd ed., 1890) . On Eulenspiegel in England, see especially C . H .

See also:

• HERFORD

Herford, Studies in the See also:

• LITERARY

Literary Relations of England and See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany in the Sixteenth Century (1888), pp . 242 if., and F . Brie's See also:

• WORK

work already referred to . (J . G .