EUMENES  , the name of two rulers of See also:

• PERGAMUM, or PERGAMTS (mod. Bergama)

Pergamum . 1 . EUMENES I. succeeded his See also:

• UNCLE

uncle Philetaerus in 263 B.C . The only important event in his reign was his victory near See also:

• SARDIS

Sardis over See also:

• ANTIOCHUS

Antiochus See also:

• SOTER

Soter, which enabled him to secure See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the districts See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round his See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital . (See PEIGAMUM.) 2 . EUMENES II., son of Attalus I., was See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of Pergamum from 197—159 B.C . During the greater See also:

• PART

part of his reign he was a loyal ally of the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans, who bestowed upon him See also:

• SIGNAL

signal marks of favour . He materially contributed to the defeat of Antiochus of See also:

• SYRIA

Syria at the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• MAGNESIA

Magnesia (190), and as a See also:

• REWARD

reward for his services the Thracian See also:

• CHERSONESE, CHERSONESUS

Chersonese and all See also:

• ANT
• ANT (O. Eng. aemete, from Teutonic a, privative, and maitan, cut or bite off, i.e. " the biter off "; aemete in Middle English became differentiated in dialect use to (mete, then amte, and so ant, and also to emete, whence the synonym " emmet," now only u

Ant,ioclius's possessions as far as the See also:

• TAURUS (" the Bull ")

Taurus were bestowed upon him, including a See also:

• PROTECTORATE

protectorate of such See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek cities as had not been declared See also:

• FREE

free . In his quarrels with his neighbours the Romans intervened on his behalf, and on the occasion of his visit to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome to complain of the conduct of See also:

• PERSEUS

Perseus, king of See also:

• MACEDONIA

Macedonia, he was received with the greatest distinction . On his return See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey he narrowly escaped assassination by the emissaries of Perseus . Although he supported the Romans in the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war against Macedonia, he displayed so little See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy and See also:

• INTEREST

interest (even recalling his auxiliaries) that he was suspected of intriguing with the enemy . According to See also:

• POLYBIUS (c. 204–122 B.C.)

Polybius there was some See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation for the suspicion, ' but Eumenes declared that he had merely been negotiating for an See also:

• EXCHANGE

exchange of prisoners .

Nothing, however, came., of these negotiations, whatever may have been their real See also:

• OBJECT

object; and Eumenes, in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to avert suspicion, sent his congratulations to Rome by his See also:

• BROTHER

brother Attalus after the defeat of Perseus (168) . Attalus was received courteously but coldly; and Eumenes in alarm set out to visit Rome in See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person, but on his arrival at Brundusium was ordered to leave See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy at once . Eumenes never regained the See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• GRACES, THE, (Gr. X&panes, Lat. Gratiae)

graces of the Romans, who showed especial favour to Attalus on his second visit to Rome, probably with the object of setting him against Eumenes; but the ties of kinship proved too strong . The last years of his reign were disturbed by renewed hostilities against Prusias of See also:

• BITHYNIA (BtOvpta)

Bithynia and the Celts of See also:

• GALATIA

Galatia, and probably only his See also:

• DEATH

death prevented a war with Rome . Eumenes, although physically weak, was a shrewd and vigorous ruler and politician, who raised his little See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state from insignificance to a powerful See also:

• MONARCHY (Fr. monarchic, from Lat. monarchia, Gr. uovapXia, rule of one, µbvos, alone, apXi7, rule)

monarchy . During his reign Pergamum became a flourishing See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, where men of learning were always welcome, among them See also:

• CRATES

Crates of Mallus, the founder of the Pergamene school of See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism . Eumenes adorned the city with splendid buildings, amongst them the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• ALTAR (Lat. altare, from alias, high; some ancient etymological guesses are recorded by St Isidore of Seville in Etymologiae xv. 4)

altar with the See also:

• FRIEZE

frieze representing the Battle of the Giants; but the greatest See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument of his liberality was the foundation of the library, which was second only to that of See also:

• ALEXANDRIA
• ALEXANDRIA (Arab. Iskenderia)

Alexandria . See See also:

• LIVY [Thus L1v1us] (59 B.C.—A.D: 17)

Livy xxxix . 51, xlii. it-16; Polybius xxi.-xxxii.; See also:

• APPIAN (Gr. 'Aairtavbs)

Appian, Syriaca ; Livy, Epit . 46; See also:

• CORNELIUS
• CORNELIUS, CARL AUGUST PETER (1824-1874)
• CORNELIUS, PETER VON (1784–1867)

Cornelius See also:

• NEPOS, CORNELIUS (c. 99–24 B.C.)
• NEPOS, JULIUS

Nepos, See also:

• HANNIBAL
• HANNIBAL (" mercy " or " favour of Baal ")

Hannibal, so; A . G. See also:

• VAN

van Cappelle, Commentatio de regibus et antiquitatibus Pergamenis (See also:

• AMSTERDAM
• AMSTERDAM (NEw AMSTERDAM)

Amsterdam, 1841) . For the altar of See also:

• ZEUS

Zeus, see PERGAMUM; for treaty with Cretan cities (183 B.c.) see Monumenti antichi, xviii .

177 .