See also:

• EUPATRIDAE (Gr. di, well; 7raTijp, father, i.e. " Sons of noble fathers ")

EUPATRIDAE (Gr. di, well; 7raTijp, See also:

• FATHER

father, i.e. " Sons of See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble fathers ")  , the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• NOBILITY

nobility of See also:

• ATTICA

Attica . Tradition ascribes to See also:

• THESEUS

Theseus, whom it also regards as the author of the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union (synoecism) of Attica See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens as a See also:

• POLITICAL

political centre, the See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of the See also:

• ATTIC (i.e. "in the Attic style ")

Attic See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population into three classes, See also:

• EUPATRIDAE (Gr. di, well; 7raTijp, father, i.e. " Sons of noble fathers ")

Eupatridae, Geomori and Demiurgi . The lexicographers mention as characteristics of the Eupatridae that they are the autochthonous population, the dwellers in the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, the descendants of the royal stock . It is probable that after the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of the synoecism the nobles who had hitherto governed the various See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent communities w%re obliged to reside in Athens, now the seat of See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government; and at the beginning of Athenian See also:

• HISTORY

history the See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble clans See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a class which has the See also:

• MONOPOLY (Gr. govomeXla or govoircaXwv, exclusive sale, from govds, alone, and irwXeiv, to sell)

monopoly of political See also:

• PRIVILEGE

privilege . It is possible that in very See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early times the Eupatridae were the only full citizens of Athens; for the See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence suggests that they alone belonged to the phratries, and the division into phratries must have covered the whole See also:

• CITIZEN (a form corrupted in Eng., apparently by analogy with " denizen," from O. Fr. citeain, mod. Fr. citoyen)

citizen See also:

• BODY

body . It . is indeed just possible that the See also:

• TERM

term may originally have signified " true member of a See also:

• CLAN (Gaelic clann, O. Ir. cland, connected with Lat. planta, shoot or scion, the ancient Gaelic or Goidelic substituting k for p)

clan," since membership of a phratry was a characteristic of each clan (yfvos) . It is not probable that the Eupatrid families were all autochthonous, even in the loose sense of that term . Some had no doubt immigrated to Attica when the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest had See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long been settled there . Traces of this union of immigrants with older inhabitants have been detected in the See also:

• COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination of See also:

• ZEUS

Zeus Herkeios with See also:

• APOLLO (Gr. 'A2r6XXwv,'Airkkhwv)

Apollo Patrons as the ancient gods of the phratry . The exact relation of the Eupatridae to the other two classes has been a See also:

• MATTER

matter of dispute . It seems probable that the Eupatridae were the governing class, the only recognized nobility, the Geomori the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country inhabitants of all ranks, and the Demiurgi the commercial and See also:

• ARTISAN, or ARTIZAN

artisan population . The division attributed to Theseus is always spoken of by ancient authorities as a division of the entire population; but Busolt has recently maintained the view that the three classes represent three elements in the Attic nobility, namely, the city nobility, the landed nobility and the commercial nobility, and exclude altogether the See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass of the population .

At any See also:

• RATE

rate it seems certain from the little we know of the early constitutional history of Athens, that the Eupatridae represent the only nobility that had any political recognition in early times . The political history of the Eupatridae is that of a See also:

• GRADUAL (Med. Lat. gradualis, of or belonging to steps or degrees; gradus, step)

gradual curtailment of privilege . They were at the height of their See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power in the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period during the See also:

• LIMITATION, STATUTES OF

limitation of the See also:

• MONARCHY (Fr. monarchic, from Lat. monarchia, Gr. uovapXia, rule of one, µbvos, alone, apXi7, rule)

monarchy . They alone held the two offices, those of polemarch and See also:

• ARCHON (apywv, ruler)

archon, which were instituted during the 8th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century B.C. to restrict the See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers of the See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings . In 712 B.C. the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king (/3ao Xeis) was itself thrown open to all Eupatrids (see ARCHON) . They thus had the entire See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of the See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration, and were the See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole dispensers of See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice in the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state . At this latter privilege, which perhaps formed the strongest See also:

• BULWARK (a word probably of Scandinavian origin, from bol or bole, a tree-trunk, and werk, work, in Ger. Bollwerk, which has also been derived from an old German bolen, to throw, and so a machine for throwing missiles)

bulwark of the authority of the Eupatridae, a severe See also:

• BLOW, JOHN (1648-1708)

blow was struck (c . 621 B.C.) by the publication of a criminal See also:

• CODE (Lat. codex)

code by See also:

• DRACO (" the Dragon ")
• DRACO (7th century B.C.)

Draco (q.v.), which was followed by the more detailed and permanent code of See also:

• SOLON (7th and 6th century n.c.)

Solon (c . 594 B.c.), who further threw open the highest offices to any citizen possessed of a certain amount of landed See also:

• PROPERTY

property (see SOLON), thus putting the claims of the Eupatridae to political See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence on a level with those of the wealthier citizens of all classes . The most highly coveted office at this time was not that of BavLXebs, which, like that of the rex sacrorum in See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, had been stripped of all See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save its religious authority, but that of the Archon; soon after the legislation of Solon repeated struggles for this office between the Eupatridae and leading members of the other two classes resulted in a temporary See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change . Ten archons' were appointed, five of whom were to be Eupatridae, three Agroeci (i.e . Geomori), and two Demiurgi (Arist .

See also:

• ATH, or AATII

Ath . Pol. xiii . 2) . This arrangement, though See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short-lived, is significant of the decay of the political influence of the Eupatridae, and it is not likely that they re-covered, even in practice, any real control of the government . By the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the 6th century the political influence of See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth was at an end . The name Eupatridae survived in See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical times, but the Eupatridae were then excluded from the cult of the " Semnae " at Athens, and also held the hereditary office of " expounder of the See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law " (EEr)'y1]Ty)c) in connexion with See also:

• PURIFICATION

purification from the See also:

• GUILT

guilt of See also:

• MURDER

murder . The combination of these two characteristics suggests some connexion with the See also:

• LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

legend of See also:

• ORESTES

Orestes . Again, Isocrates (xvi . 25) says of See also:

• ALCIBIADES (c. 450-404 B.c.)

Alcibiades that his grandfather was a Eupatrid and his grandmother an Alcmaeonid, which suggests that in the 5th century the Eupatrids were a single clan, like the Alcmaeonids, and that the name had acquired a new signification . A pursuit of these two suggestions has established the See also:

• PROBABILITY (Lat. probabilis, probable or credible)

probability that this . " Eupatrid " clan traced its origin to Orestes, and derived its name from the See also:

• HERO (Gr. open)
• HERO, THE YOUNGER

hero, who was above 311 a benefactor of his See also:

• FATHER

father . The word will well See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear this sense in the two passages in which See also:

• SOPHOCLES (495-406 B.c.)

Sophocles (See also:

• ELECTRA ('HMKTpa)

Electra, 162, 859) applies it to Orestes; and it is likely enough that after the disappearance of the old Eupatridae as a political See also:

• CORPORATION (from Lat. corporare, to form into a body, corpus, corporis)

corporation, the name was adopted in a different sense, but not without a claim to the distinction inherent in the older sense, by one of the See also:

• OLDEST

oldest of the clans .