See also:

• EUSEBIUS
• EUSEBIUS (Gr. EuOi/3tos, from ebaegils, pious, cf. the Latin name Pius)
• EUSEBIUS [OF CAESAREA] (c. 260-c. 340)
• EUSEBIUS [OF EMESA] (d. c. "36o)

EUSEBIUS [OF CAESAREA] (c. 260-c. 340)  , ecclesiastical historian, who called himself See also:

• EUSEBIUS
• EUSEBIUS (Gr. EuOi/3tos, from ebaegils, pious, cf. the Latin name Pius)
• EUSEBIUS [OF CAESAREA] (c. 260-c. 340)
• EUSEBIUS [OF EMESA] (d. c. "36o)

Eusebius Pamphili, because of his devotion to his friend and teacher See also:

• PAMPHILUS
• PAMPHILUS (1st century A.D.)

Pamphilus, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born probably in See also:

• PALESTINE

Palestine between A.D . 260 and 265, and died as See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of Caesarea in the See also:

• YEAR

year 339 or 340 . We know little of his youth beyond the fact that he became associated at an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day with Pamphilus, See also:

• PRESBYTER (Gr. apactObTepos, elder, the comparative of IrOo-Oas, an old man)

presbyter of the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church of Caesarea, and founder of a theological school there (see Hist . Eccl. vii . 32) . Pamphilus gathered about him a circle of See also:

• EARNEST (probably a corruption of the obsolete arles or erles, adapted from Lat. equivalent arrha, due to a confusion with the adjective " earnest," serious, O. Eng. eornust, cognate with Ger. ernst)

earnest students who devoted themselves especially to the study of the See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible and the transcription of Biblical codices, and also to the See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence and spread of the writings of See also:

• ORIGEN (c. 185-c. 254)

Origen, whom they regarded as their See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master . Pamphilus had a magnificent library, which Eusebius made diligent use of, and a See also:

• CATALOGUE (a Fr. adaptation of the Gr. KaraXoyos, a register, from Karalyety, to enrol or pick out)

catalogue of which he published in his lost See also:

• LIFE

Life of Pamphilus (Hist . Eccl. vi . 32) . In the course of the See also:

• DIOCLETIAN (GAIUs AURELIUS VALERIUS DIOCLETIANUS) (A.D. 245–313)
• DIOCLETIAN, EDICT OF (De Pretiis rerum venalium)

Diocletian persecution, which See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke out in 303, Pamphilus was imprisoned for two years, and finally suffered martyrdom . During the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of his imprisonment (307–309) Eusebius distinguished himself by assiduous devotion to his friend, and assisted him in the preparation of an See also:

• APOLOGY (from Gr. &aoXoyia, defence)

apology for Origen's teaching (Hist . Eccl. vi .

33), the first See also:

• BOOK

book of which survives in the La See also:

• TIN (Lat.- stannum, whence the chemical symbol " Sn "; atomic weight =117.6, 0=16)

tin of See also:

• RUFINUS, TYRANNIUS

Rufinus (printed in See also:

• ROUTH, EDWARD JOHN (1831—1907)
• ROUTH, MARTIN JOSEPH (1755–1854)

Routh's Reliquiae sacrae, iv . 339 sq., and in Lommatzsch's edition of Origen's See also:

• WORKS

Works, See also:

• XXIV

xxiv. p . 293 sq.) . After the See also:

• DEATH

death of Pamphilus Eusebius withdrew to See also:

• TYRE (Phoen. and Hebr. =" rock," Assyr. S'urru, Egypt. Dara, Early Lat. Sarra)

Tyre, andlater, while the Diocletian persecution was still raging, went to See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt, where he seems to have been imprisoned, but soon released . He became bishop of Caesarea between 313 and 315, and remained such until his death . The patriarchate of See also:

• ANTIOCH

Antioch was offered him in 331, but declined (Vita Constantini, iii . 59 sq.) . Eusebius was a very important figure in the church of his day . He was not a See also:

• GREAT

great theologian nor a profound thinker, but he was the most learned See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of his See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age, and stood high in favour with the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• CONSTANTINE

Constantine . At the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• NICAEA, COUNCIL OF
• NICAEA, or NICE

Nicaea in 325 he took a prominent See also:

• PART

part, occupying a seat at the emperor's right See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, and being appointed to deliver the panegyrical oration in his See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour . He was the See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of the large See also:

• MIDDLE

middle party of Moderates at the council, and submitted the first draft of the creed which was afterwards adopted with important changes and additions . In the beginning he was the most influential man See also:

• PRESENT

present, but was finally forced to yield to the Alexandrian party, and to,See also:

• VOTE

vote for a creed which completely repudiated the position of the Arians, with whom he had himself been hitherto more in sympathy than with the Alexandrians .

He was placed in a difficult See also:

• PREDICAMENT

predicament by the See also:

• ACTION

action of the council, and his See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter to the Caesarean church explaining his conduct is exceedingly interesting and instructive (see See also:

• SOCRATES

Socrates, Hist . Eccl. i . 8, and cf . See also:

• MCGIFFERT

McGiffert's See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of Eusebius' Church See also:

• HISTORY

History, p . 15 sq.) . To understand his conduct, it is necessary to look briefly at his theological position . By many he has been called an Arian, by many his orthodoxy has been defended . The truth is, three stages are to be distinguished in his theological development . The first preceded the outbreak of the Arian controversy, when, as might be expected in a follower of Origen, his See also:

• INTEREST

interest was See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-Sabellian and his emphasis chiefly upon the sub-ordination of the Son of See also:

• GOD

God . In his works written during this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period (for instance, the Praeparatio evangelica and Demonstratio evangelica), as in the works of Origen himself and other ante-Nicene fathers, expressions occur looking in the direction of Arianism, and others looking in the opposite direction . The second See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage began with the outbreak of the controversy in 318, and continued until the Nicene Council . During this period he took the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of See also:

• ARIUS ("Apews)

Arius in the dispute with See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander of See also:

• ALEXANDRIA
• ALEXANDRIA (Arab. Iskenderia)

Alexandria, and accepted what he understood to be the position of Arius and his supporters, who, as be supposed, taught both the divinity and subordination of the Son .

It was natural that he should take this side, for in his traditional fear of Sabellianism, in which he was one with the followers of Origen in See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, he found it difficult to approve the position of Alexander, who seemed to be doing away altogether with the subordination of the Son . And, moreover, he believed that Alexander was misrepresenting the teaching of Arius and doing him great injustice (cf. his letters to Alexander and Euphration preserved in the proceedings of the second council of Nicaea, See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act. vi. tom . 5: see Mansi's Concilia, xiii . 316 sq.; See also:

• ENGLISH

English translation in McGiffert, op. cit. p . 70) . Meanwhile at the council of Nicaea he seems to have discovered that the Alexandrians were right in claiming that Arius was carrying his subordinationism so far as to deny all real divinity to See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ . To this length Eusebius himself was unwilling to go, and so, convinced that he had misunderstood Arius, and that the teaching of the latter was imperilling the historic belief in the divinity of Christ, he gave his support to the opposition,and voted for the Nicene Creed, in which the teachings of the Arians were repudiated . From this time on he was a supporter of Nicene orthodoxy over against Arianism (cf., e.g., his Contra Marcellum, De ecclesiastica theologia, and Theophania) . But he never See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt in sympathy with the extreme views of the Athanasian party, for they seemed to him to savour of Sabellianism, which always remained his See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief dread (cf. his two works against See also:

• MARCELLUS

Marcellus of See also:

• ANCYRA (mod. Angora, q.v.)

Ancyra) . His See also:

• PERSONAL

personal See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends, moreover, were principally among the Arians, and he was more closely identified with them than with the supporters of See also:

• ATHANASIUS (293-373)

Athanasius . But he was always a man of See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace, and while commonly counted one of the opponents of Athanasius, he did not take a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of leadership among them as his position and See also:

• STANDING

standing would have justified him in doing, and Athanasius never spoke of him with bitterness as he did of other prominent men in the party . (For a See also:

• FULLER, ANDREW (1954-1815)
• FULLER, GEORGE (1822—1884)
• FULLER, M
• FULLER, MARGARET, MARCHIONESS
• FULLER, MELVILLE WESTON (1833-1910)
• FULLER, THOMAS (16o8-1661)
• FULLER, WILLIAM (1670--c. 1717)

fuller description of the development of Eusebius' Christology and of his attitude throughout the Arian controversy, see McGiffert, op. cit. p .

11 sq.) Eusebius was one of the most voluminous writers of antiquity, and his labours covered almost every See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field of theological learning . If we look in his works for brilliancy and originality we shall be disappointed . He was not a creative See also:

• GENIUS (from Lat. genere, gignere)

genius like Origen or See also:

• AUGUSTINE, SAINT (354-430)
• AUGUSTINE, SAINT (d. c.613)

Augustine . His claim to greatness rests upon his vast erudition and his See also:

• SOUND
• SOUND, THE (Danish Oresund)

sound See also:

• JUDGMENT

judgment . Nearly all his works possess genuine and solid merits which raise them above the See also:

• COMMONPLACE

commonplace, and many of them still remain valuable . His exegesis is See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior to that of most of his contemporaries, and his apologetic is marked by fairness of statement, breadth of treatment, and an instinctive appreciation of the difference between important and unimportant points . His See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style, it is true, is involved and obscure, often rambling and incoherent . This quality is due in large part to the desultory See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of his thinking . He did not always clearly define his theme before beginning to write, and he failed to subject what he produced to a careful revision . Ideas of all sorts poured ix upon him while he was See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing, and he was not always able to resist the temptation to insert them whether pertinent or not . His great learning is evident everywhere, but he is often its slave rather than its master . It is as an historian that he is best known, and to his History of the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian Church he owes his fame and his See also:

• FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title " The See also:

• FATHER

Father of Church History." This See also:

• WORK

work, which was published in its final See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form in ten books in 324 or early in 325, is the most important ecclesiastical history produced in See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient times .

The reasons leading to the great undertaking, in which Eusebius "had no predecessors, were in part See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical, in part apologetic . He believed that he was living at the beginning of a new age, and he felt that it was a fitting time, when the old See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of things was passing away, to put on See also:

• RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

record for the benefit of posterity the great events which had occurred during the generations that were past . He thus wrote, as any historian might, for the See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information and instruction of his readers, and yet he had all the time an apologetic purpose, to exhibit to the See also:

• WORLD

world the history of See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity as a See also:

• PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof of its divine origin and efficacy . His See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan is stated at the very beginning of the work: " It is my purpose to write an See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the successions of the See also:

• HOLY

holy Apostles as well as of the times which have elapsed from the day of our Saviour to our own; to relate how many and important events are said to have occurred in the history of the church; and to mention those who have governed and presided over the church in the most prominent parishes, and those who in each See also:

• GENERATION (from Lat. generare, to beget, procreate; genus, stock, race)

generation have, proclaimed the divine word either orally or in writing . It is my purpose also to give the names and number and times of those who through love of innovation have run into the greatest errors, and proclaiming themselves discoverers of knowledge, falsely so called, have like fierce wolves unmercifully devastated the See also:

• FLOCK

flock of Christ . It is my intention, moreover, to recount the misfortunes which immediately came on the whole Jewish nation in consequence of their plots against our Saviour, and to record the ways and times in which the divine word has been attacked by the Gentiles, and to describe the character of those who at various periods have contended for it in the See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face of See also:

• BLOOD

blood and tortures, as well as the confessions which have been made in our own day, and the gracious and kindly succour which our Saviour has accorded them all." The value of the work does not See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie in its See also:

• LITERARY

literary merit, but in the See also:

• WEALTH

wealth of the materials which it furnishes for a knowledge of the early church . Many prominent figures of the first three centuries are known to us only from its pages . Many fragments, priceless on account of the See also:

• LIGHT

light which they See also:

• SHED

shed upon movements of far-reaching consequence, have been preserved in it alone . Eusebius often fails to appreciate the significance of the events which he records; in many cases he draws unwarranted conclusions from the given premises; he sometimes misinterprets his documents and misunderstands men and movements; but usually he presents us with the material upon which to form our own judgment, and if we differ with him we must at the same time thank him for the data that enable us independently to reach other results . But the work is not merely a See also:

• THESAURUS (Gr. B17o-avp6s)

thesaurus, it is a history in a true sense, and it has an See also:

• INTRINSIC (through Fr. intrinsique, from Lat. intrinsecus, inwardly; inter, within, secus, following, from root of sequi, to follow)

intrinsic value of its own, See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent of its quotations from other works . Eusebius possessed extensive See also:

• SOURCES

sources of knowledge no longer accessible to us . The number of books referred to as read is enormous .

He also had See also:

• ACCESS (Lat. accessus)

access to the archives of See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, and gathered from them information beyond the reach of most . But the value of his work is due, not simply to the sources employed, but also to the use made of them . Upon this See also:

• MATTER

matter there has been, it is true, some diversity of See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion among See also:

• MODERN

modern scholars, but it is now generally admitted, and can be abundantly shown, that he was not only diligent in gathering material, but also far more thorough-going than most writers of antiquity in discriminating between trustworthy and untrustworthy reports, See also:

• FRANK, JAKOB (1726-1791)

frank in acknowledging his See also:

• IGNORANCE (Lat. ignorantia, from ignorare, not to know); want of knowledge, a state of mind which in law has important consequences. A well-known legal maxim runs: ignorantia juris non excusat ("ignorance of the law does not excuse")

ignorance, scrupulous in indicating his authorities in"doubtful cases, less credulous than most of his contemporaries, and unfailingly honest . His See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal faults are his carelessness and inaccuracy in matters of See also:

• CHRONOLOGY (Gr. xpovo?oyfa, computation of time, xp6vos)

chronology, his lack of See also:

• ARTISTIC

artistic skill in the presentation of his material, his desultory method of treatment, and his failure to look below the See also:

• SURFACE

surface and grasp the real significance and vital connexion of events . He commonly regards an occurrence as sufficiently accounted for when it is ascribed to the activity of God or of Satan . But in spite of its defects the Church History is a monumental work, which need only be compared with its continuations by Socrates, See also:

• SOZOMEN

Sozomen, See also:

• THEODORET

Theodoret, Rufinus and others, to be appreciated at its true See also:

• WORTH
• WORTH, CHARLES FREDERICK (1825-1895)

worth . In addition to the Church History we have from Eusebius' See also:

• PEN (Lat. penna, a feather, pen)

pen a See also:

• CHRONICLE (from Gr. Xpovos, time)

Chronicle in two books (c . 303; later continued down to 325), the first containing an See also:

• EPITOME
• EPITOME (Gr. lircroui, from isrLTEµveW, to cut short)

epitome of universal history, the second See also:

• CHRONOLOGICAL

chronological tables exhibiting in' parallel columns the royal See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession in different nations, and accompanied by notes marking the See also:

• DATES

dates of historical events . A revised edition of the second book with a continuation down to his own day was published in Latin by St See also:

• JEROME, JEROME KLAPKA (1859– )
• JEROME, ST (HIERONYMUS, in full EUSEBIUS SOPHRONIUS HIERONYMUS) (c. 340–420)

Jerome, and this, together with some fragments of the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek, was our only source for a knowledge of the Chronicle until the See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery of an Armenian version of the whole work, which was published by Aucher in 1818 (Latin translation in Schoene's edition), and of two See also:

• SYRIAC

Syriac versions published in Latin translation respectively in 1866 (by Roediger in Schoene's edition) and in 1884 (by Siegfried and Gelzer) . Other historical works still extant are the Martyrs of Palestine and the Life of Constantine . The former is an account of martyrdoms occurring in Palestine during the years 303 to 310, of most of which Eusebius himself was an See also:

• EYE
• EYE (O. Eng. edge, Ger. Auge; derived from an Indo-European root also seen in Lat. oc-ulus, the organ of vision (q.v.)

eye-See also:

• WITNESS
• WITNESS (from O. Eng. witan, to know)

witness . The work exists in a longer and a shorter recension, the former in a Syriac version (published with English translation by See also:

• CURETON, WILLIAM (1808-1864)

Cureton, 1861), the latter in the original Greek attached to the Church History in most See also:

• MSS

MSS .

(printed with the History in the various See also:

• EDITIONS

editions) . The Life of Constantine, in four books, published after the death of the emperor, which occurred in 337, Is a See also:

• PANEGYRIC

panegyric rather than a sober history, but contains much valuable material . Of Eusebius' apologetic works we still have the Contra Hierodem, Praeparatio evangelica, Demonstratio evangelica, and Theophania . The first is a reply to a lost work against the Christians written by See also:

• HIEROCLES

Hierocles, a See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor and contemporary of Eusebius . The second and third, taken together, are the most elaborate and important apologetic work of the early church . The former, in fifteen books, aims to show that the Christians are justified in accepting the sacred writings of the See also:

• HEBREWS, EPISTLE TO THE

Hebrews, and in rejecting the See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion and See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy of the Greeks . The latter, in twenty books, of which only the first ten and fragments of the fifteenth are extant, endeavours to prove from the See also:

• HEBREW

Hebrew Scriptures themselves that the Christians are right in going beyond the See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews and adopting new principles and practices . The former is thus a preparation for the latter, and the two together constitute a defence of Christianity against all the world, See also:

• HEATHEN

heathen as well as Jews . In grandeur of conception, comprehensiveness of treatment, and breadth of learning, this apology surpasses all other similar works of antiquity . The Praeparatio is also valuable because of its large number of quotations from classical literature, many ofthem otherwise unknown to us . The Theophania, though we have many fragments of the original Greek, is extant as a whole only in a Syriac version first published by See also:

• LEE
• LEE (or LEGIT) ROWLAND (d. 1543)
• LEE, ANN (1736–1784)
• LEE, ARTHUR (1740–1792)
• LEE, FITZHUGH (1835–1905)
• LEE, GEORGE ALEXANDER (1802-1851)
• LEE, HENRY (1756-1818)
• LEE, JAMES PRINCE (1804-1869)
• LEE, NATHANIEL (c. 1653-16g2)
• LEE, RICHARD HENRY (1732-1794)
• LEE, ROBERT EDWARD (1807–1870)
• LEE, SIDNEY (1859– )
• LEE, SOPHIA (1950-1824)
• LEE, STEPHEN DILL (1833-1908)

Lee in 1842 . Its subject is the manifestation of God in the incarnation of the Word, and it aims to give with an apologetic purpose a brief exposition of the divine authority and See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of Christianity .

Of Eusebius' dogmatic and polemic writings, we still have two works against his contemporary, Marcellus, bishop of Ancyra, the one known as Contra Marcellum, the other as De theologia ecclesiastica . The former and briefer aims simply to expose the errors of Marcellus, whom Eusebius accuses of Sabellianism, the latter to refute them . We also have parts of a General Introduction ('H aa8bXou arocgetc'A 7s eiaayary,), which consisted of ten. books (the See also:

• SIXTH

sixth to the ninth books and a few other fragments still extant), under the title of Prophetical Extracts (IIpoOnrucai iaXcyal) . Although this formed part of a larger work it was See also:

• COMPLETE

complete in itself and circulated separately . It contains prophetical passages from the Old Testament See also:

• RELATING

relating to the See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person and work of Christ, accompanied by explanatory notes . Of Biblical and exegetical works we have a considerable part of Eusebius' Commentaries on the See also:

• PSALMS, BOOK
• PSALMS, BOOK OF, or PSALTER

Psalms and on See also:

• ISAIAH
• ISAIAH, ASCENSION OF

Isaiah, which are monuments of learning, See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry and See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical acumen, though marred by the use of the allegorical method characteristic of the school of Origen; also a work on the names of places mentioned in Scripture, or the Onomasticon, the only one extant of a number of writings on Old Testament See also:

• TOPOGRAPHY
• TOPOGRAPHY (Gr. Toros, place, -partied', to write)

topography; and an epitome and some fragments of a work in two parts on See also:

• GOSPEL (O. Eng. godspel, i.e. good news, a translation of Lat. bona annuntiatio, or evangelium, Gr. evayyeXwv; cf. Goth. iu spillon, " to announce good news," Ulfilas' translation of the Greek, from iu, that which is good, and spellon to announce)

Gospel Questions and Solutions, the first part dealing with the genealogies of Christ given in See also:

• MATTHEW, GOSPEL OF ST
• MATTHEW, ST (MaOOaior or MarOaIos, probably a shortened form of the Hebrew equivalent to Theodorus)
• MATTHEW, TOBIAS

Matthew and See also:

• LUKE
• LUKE, GOSPEL OF ST

Luke, the second with the apparent discrepancies between the various gospel accounts of the resurrection . Other important works which have perished wholly or in large part, and some orations and See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor writings still extant, it is not necessary to refer to more particularly . (See Preuschen's See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list in See also:

• HARNACK, ADOLF (1851– )

Harnack's Alt-christliche Litteraturgeschichte, i . 2, p . 55 sq . Preuschen gives See also:

• THIRTY

thirty-eight titles, besides orations and letters, but it is doubtful whether all of the Commentaries mentioned really existed.) Acacius, the See also:

• PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil of Eusebius and his successor in the see of Caesarea, wrote a life of him which is unfortunately lost . His own writings contain little See also:

• BIOGRAPHICAL

biographical material, but we get information from Athanasius, Philostorgius, Socrates, Sozomen, Theodoret, Jerome's De vir. See also:

• ILL

ill., and See also:

• PHOTIUS
• PHOTIUS (c. 82o-891)

Photius .

Among the many modern accounts in church histories, histories of Christian literature, encyclopaedias, &c., may be mentioned a monograph by See also:

• STEIN, CHARLOTTE VON (1742-1827)
• STEIN, HEINRICH FRIEDRICH KARL, BARON VOM

Stein, Eusebius Bischof von Caesarea (See also:

• WURZBURG

Wurzburg, 1859), meagre but useful as far as it goes; the magnificent See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article by See also:

• LIGHTFOOT, JOHN (1602-1675)
• LIGHTFOOT, JOSEPH BARBER (1828-1889)

Lightfoot in the See also:

• DICTIONARY

Dictionary of Christian Biograbhy; the account by McGiffert in his translation of the Church History; Erwin Preuschen's article in See also:

• HERZOG, HANS (1819–1894)
• HERZOG, JOHANN JAKOB (1805-1882)

Herzog-Hauck, Realencyklop . (3rd ed., 1898) ; the treatment of the Chronology of Eusebius writings in Harnack's Alt- christliche Litteraturgeschichte, ii . 2, p. io6 sq.; and Bardenhewer's Patrologie, p . 2260 f . The many the Athanasians that he was temporarily banished from his see as a disturber of the peace of the church . But his See also:

• ALIENATION (from Lat. alienus, belonging to another)

alienation from the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court was of See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short duration . He retained the confidence of the emperor's See also:

• SISTER

sister See also:

• CONSTANTIA

Constantia, through whose influence he was promoted to the see of See also:

• NICOMEDIA [mod. Ismid]

Nicomedia, and by her favour he was restored to his position, and speedily acquired an equal ascendancy over the emperor . He was selected to administer See also:

• BAPTISM

baptism to him in his last illness . There seems no doubt that Eusebius of Nicomedia was more of a politician than a theologian . He was certainly a See also:

• PARTISAN, or PARTIZAN

partisan in the great controversy of his time, and is even credited (although on insufficient See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence) with having used unworthy means to procure the deposition of See also:

• EUSTATHIUS
• EUSTATHIUS, or EUMATHIUS

Eustathius, the " orthodox " bishop of Antioch (Theodoret 21) . His See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest-less ambition and love of See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power are not to be denied . To the last he defended Arius, and at the time of the latter's sudden death, 336, it was chiefly through his menace, as representing the emperor, that the church of See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople was thrown into anxiety as to whether the leader should be readmitted to the bosom of the church .

The death of Constantine followed hard upon that of Arius; and Eusebius, who was promoted in 339 to the see of Constantinople, became the leader of the anti-Nicene party till his own death in (probably) 341 . The real activity of Eusebius and his party must be studied in connexion with the Arian controversy (see Aim's) .