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THOMAS EWING (1789-1871)

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Originally appearing in Volume V10, Page 41 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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THOMAS See also:EWING (1789-1871)  , See also:American lawyer and states-See also:man, was See also:born near the See also:present See also:West See also:Liberty, West See also:Virginia, on the 28th of See also:December 1789 . His See also:father, See also:George See also:Ewing, settled at . See also:Lancaster, . See also:Fairfield See also:county, See also:Ohio, in 1702 . See also:Thomas graduated at Ohio University, See also:Athens, Ohio, in 1815, and in See also:August 1816 was admitted to the See also:bar at Lancaster, where he won high See also:rank as an See also:advocate . He was a Whig member of the See also:United States See also:senate in 1831-1837, and as such took a prominent See also:part in the legislative struggle over the United States See also:Bank, whose re-chartering he favoured and which he resolutely defended against . See also:President See also:Jackson's attack, opposing in able speeches the withdrawal of deposits and Secretary See also:Woodbury's `` Specie Circular " of 1836 . In See also:March 1841 he became secretary of the See also:treasury in President W . H . See also:Harrison's See also:cabinet . When, however, after President See also:Tyler's See also:accession, the relations between the President and the Whig Party became strained, he retired (See also:September 1841) and was succeeded by See also:Walter Forward (1786-1852) . Subsequently from March 1849 to See also:July 1850 he was a member of President See also:Taylor's cabinet as the first secretary of the newly established See also:department of the interior .

He thoroughly organized the department, and in his able See also:

annual See also:report advocated the construction by See also:government aid of a railroad to the Pacific See also:Coast . In 1850-1851 he filled the unexpired See also:term of Thomas See also:Corwin in the U.S . Senate, strenuously opposing See also:Clay's See also:compromise See also:measures and advocating the abolition of See also:slavery in the See also:District of See also:Columbia . He was subsequently a delegate to the See also:Peace See also:Congress in 1861, and was a loyal supporter of President See also:Lincoln's See also:war policy . He died at Lancaster, Ohio, on the 26th of See also:October 1871 . His daughter was the wife of See also:General See also:William T . See also:Sherman . His son, See also:Hugh See also:Boyle Ewing (1526-1905), served throughout the See also:Civil War in the Federal armies, rising from the rank of See also:colonel (r861) to that of brigadier-general (1862) and See also:brevet See also:major-general (1865), and commanding brigades at See also:Antietam and See also:Vicksburg and a See also:division at Chickamauga; and was See also:minister of the United States to the See also:Netherlands in 866-187o . Another son, Thomas Ewing (1829-1896), studied at See also:Brown University in 1852-1854 (in 1894, by a See also:special See also:vote, he was placed on the See also:list of graduates in the class of 1856); he was a lawyer and. a See also:free-See also:state politician in See also:Kansas in 1857-1861, and was the first See also:chief-See also:justice of the Kansas supreme See also:court (1861-1862) . In the Civil War he attained the rank of brigadier-general (March 1863) and received the brevet of major-general (1865) . He was subsequently a representative in Congress from Ohio in 1897-1881; and from 1882 to 1896 practised See also:law in New See also:York See also:City, where he was See also:long one of the recognized leaders of the bar .

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