See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

EXECUTION (from See also:

• LAT

Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)  , the carrying into effect of anything, whether a rite, a piece of See also:

• MUSIC

music, an See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office, &c.; and so sometimes involving a notion of skill in the performance . Technically, the word is used in See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law in the See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution of a See also:

• DEED (in O. Eng. dead, from the stem of the verb " to do ")

deed (its formal See also:

• SIGNING

signing and sealing), an execution (see below) by the See also:

• SHERIFF

sheriff's See also:

• OFFICERS

officers under a " See also:

• WRIT (O. Eng. gewrit, writ, from writan, to write)

writ of execution " (the enforcement of a See also:

• JUDGMENT

judgment on a debtor's goods); and execution of See also:

• DEATH

death has been shortened to the one word to denote See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

CAPITAL See also:

• PUNISHMENT (from Lat. punire, to punish, from poena, punishment, Gr. 7rocvil)

PUNISHMENT (q.v.) . See also:

• CIVIL

Civil Execution may be defined as the See also:

• PROCESS

process by which the judgments or orders of courts of law are made effectual . In See also:

• ROMAN

Roman law the earliest mode of execution was the seizure, legalized by the actio per manus injectionem, of the debtor as a slave of the creditor . During the later See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

Republic, imprisonment took the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of See also:

• SLAVERY

slavery . Under the regime of the actio per manus injectionem, the debtor might dispute the See also:

• DEBT (Lat. debitum, a thing owed)

debt—the issue being raised by his finding a substitute (vindex) to conduct the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case for him . By the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of Gains (iv . 25) the actio per manus injectionem had been superseded by the actio judicati, the See also:

• OBJECT

object of which was to enable the creditor to take See also:

• PAYMENT (Fr. paiement, from payer, to pay; Lat. pacare, to appease, pax, peace)

payment of the debt or compel the debtor to find See also:

• SECURITY (Lat. securus, free from care, safe)

security (pignus in causa judicati captum: Cautio judicatum solvi), and in A.D . 320 See also:

• CONSTANTINE

Constantine abolished imprisonment for debt, unless the debtor were contumacious . The time allowed for payment of a judgment debt was by the XII . Tables 30 days; it was afterwards extended to two months, and ultimately, by Justinian, to four months . The next See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage in the Roman law of execution was the recognition of See also:

• BANKRUPTCY (from Lat. bancus or Fr. banquet table or counter, and Lat. ruptus, broken)

bankruptcy either against the will of the bankrupt (missio in See also:

• BONA (BONE)
• BONA, JOHN (1609-1674)

bona) or on the application of the bankrupt (cessio bonorum; and see BANKRUPTCY) .

Lastly, in the time of See also:

• ANTONINUS, SAINT ANTONIO PIEROZZI

Antoninus See also:

• PIUS

Pius, judgment debts were directly enforced by the seizure and See also:

• SALE
• SALE, GEORGE (c. 1697-1736)
• SALE, SIR ROBERT HENRY (1782—1845)

sale of the debtor's See also:

• PROPERTY

property . Slaves, oxen and implements of husbandry were privileged; and movable property was to be exhausted before recourse was had to See also:

• LAND

land (see See also:

• HUNTER, JOHN (1728-1793)
• HUNTER, ROBERT MERCER TALIAFERRO (r8o9-1887)
• HUNTER, SIR WILLIAM WILSON (1840-19oo)
• HUNTER, WILLIAM (1718–1783)
• HUNTER, WILLIAM ALEXANDER (1844-1898)

Hunter, Roman Law, 4th ed. pp . 1029 et seq., Sohm, Inst . Rom . Law, 2nd ed . pp . 302-305) .