EXILARCH  , in Jewish See also:

• HISTORY

history, "See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

Chief or See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince of the Captivity." The See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews of Babylonia, after the fall of the first See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple, were termed by See also:

• JEREMIAH

Jeremiah and See also:

• EZEKIEL (SKpm', " God strengthens" or " God is strong "; Sept. 'IE'EKL?)X; Vulg. Ezechiel)

Ezekiel the See also:

• PEOPLE

people of the " See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

Exile." Hence the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the Babylonian Jews was the exilarch (in Aramaic Resh Galutha) . The See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office was hereditary and carried with it considerable See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power . Some traditions regarded the last See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of Davidic descent (See also:

• JEHOIACHIN (Heb. " Yah[weh] establisheth ")

Jehoiachin) as the first exilarch, and all the later holders of the dignity claimed to be scions of the royal See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of See also:

• JUDAH

Judah . Under the Arsacids and Sassanids the office continued . In the 6th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century an See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt was made to secure by force See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• AUTONOMY (Gr. abr6s, self, and v6pos, law)

autonomy for the Jews, but the exilarch who led the See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement (See also:

• MAR, EARLDOM OF
• MAR, JOHN ERSKINE, 1ST OR 6TH EARL OF (d. 1572)
• MAR, JOHN ERSKINE, 2ND OR 7TH EARL
• MAR, JOHN ERSKINE, 6TH OR 11TH EARL OF (1675-1732)

Mar Zutra) was executed . For some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time thereafter the office was in See also:

• ABEYANCE (O. Fr. abeance, " gaping")

abeyance, but under Arabic See also:

• RULE

rule there was a considerable revival of its dignity . From the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the 7th till the 11th centuries the exilarchs were all descendants of See also:

• BOSTANAI

Bostanai, through whom " the splendour of the office was renewed and its political position made secure " (Bacher) . The last exilarch of importance was See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David, son of Zakkai, whose contest with See also:

• SEADIAH (or SAADIA; in Arabic Said) BEN JOSEPH (892-942)

Seadiah (q.v.) had momentous consequences . See also:

• HEZEKIAH (Heb. for " [my] strength is [of] Yah ")

Hezekiah (c . 1040) was the last Babylonian exilarch, though the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title See also:

• LEFT

left its traces in later ages . See also:

• BENJAMIN
• BENJAMIN, JUDAHPHILIP (1811-1884)

Benjamin of See also:

• TUDELA

Tudela (Itinerary, p . 61) names an exilarch See also:

• DANIEL
• DANIEL (DANIL)
• DANIEL, BOOK
• DANIEL, GABRIEL (1649-1728)

Daniel b .

Ilisdai in the 12th century . Petahiah (Travels, p . 17) records that this Daniel's See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew succeeded to the office jointly with a R . See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel . The latter, according to Petahiah, had a learned daughter who " gave instruction, through a window, remaining in the house while the disciples were below, unable to see her." Our chief knowledge of the position and See also:

• FUNCTION

function of the exilarch concerns the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period beginning with the Arabic rule in See also:

• PERSIA

Persia . In the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age succeeding the See also:

• MAHOMMEDAN

Mahommedan See also:

• CONQUEST

conquest th"e exilarch was noted for the stately See also:

• RETINUE (O. Fr. retenue, from retenir, Lat. retenere, hold back, retain)

retinue that accompanied him, the luxurious banquets given at his See also:

• ABODE (from " abide," to dwell, properly " to wait for ," to bide)

abode, and the courtly See also:

• ETIQUETTE

etiquette that prevailed there . A brilliant See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account has come down of the ceremonies at the See also:

• INSTALLATION

installation of a new exilarch . See also:

• HOMAGE (from homo, through the Low Lat. hominaticum, which occurs in a document of 1035)

Homage was paid to him by the rabbinical heads of the colleges (each of whom was called See also:

• GAON (Heb. for " Excellency," plural Geonim)

Gaon, q.v.); See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich gifts were presented; he visited the See also:

• SYNAGOGUE (avvaywyii)
• SYNAGOGUE, UNITED

synagogue in See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, where a costly See also:

• CANOPY (through Fr. canape, from Med. Lat. canapeum, classical conopeum, a mosquito curtain, Gr. K6v(.4, a gnat)

canopy had been erected over his seat . The exilarch then delivered a discourse, and in the See also:

• BENEDICTION (Lat. benedictio, from benedicere, to bless)

benediction or See also:

• DOXOLOGY (Gr. 3oi oXoyia, a praising, giving glory)

doxology (Qaddish) his name was inserted . Thereafter he never left his house except in a See also:

• CARRIAGE

carriage of state and in the See also:

• COMPANY

company of a large retinue . He would frequently have audiences of the king, by whom he was graciously received . He derived a See also:

• REVENUE
• REVENUE (0. Fr. revenu, from revenir, to return)

revenue from taxes which he was empowered to exact .

The exilarch could excommunicate, and no doubt had considerable See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction over the Jews . A spirited description of the glories of the exilarch is given in D'See also:

• ISRAELI, ISAAC BEN SOLOMON (9th—loth centuries)

Israeli's novel Alroy . See Neubauer, Mediaeval Jewish See also:

• CHRONICLES, BOOKS OF

Chronicles, ii . 68 seq . ; Zacuto, Yuhasin; See also:

• GRAETZ, HEINRICH (1817–1891)

Graetz, Geschichie, vols. iv.-vi.; Benjamin of Tudela, Itinerary, ed . See also:

• ADLER, FELIX (r851- )

Adler, pp . 39 seq . ; Bacher, Jewish See also:

• ENCYCLOPAEDIA

Encyclopaedia, vol. v . 288 . (I .