See also:

• EXOGAMY (Gr. few, outside; and yaµor, marriage)

EXOGAMY (Gr. few, outside; and yaµor, See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage)  , the See also:

• TERM

term proposed by J . F . McLennan for the See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom compelling See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage " out of the tribe " (or rather " out of the totem ") ; its converse is See also:

• ENDOGAMY (Gr. EvSov, within, and y6.µos, marriage)

endogamy (q.v.) . McLennan would find an explanation of See also:

• EXOGAMY (Gr. few, outside; and yaµor, marriage)

exogamy in the prevalence of See also:

• FEMALE

female See also:

• INFANTICIDE

infanticide, which, " rendering See also:

• WOMEN

women scarce, led at once to See also:

• POLYANDRY (Gr. iroXus, many, and 6.vi7P, man)

polyandry within the tribe, and the capturing of women from without." Infanticide of girls is, and no doubt ever has been, a very See also:

• COMMON

common practice among savages, and for obvious reasons . Among tribes in a See also:

• PRIMITIVE

primitive See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage of social organization girl-See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children must always have been a hindrance and a source of weakness . They had to be fed and yet they could not take See also:

• PART

part in the See also:

• HUNT, ALFRED WILLIAM (183o-1896)
• HUNT, HENRY (1i73-1835)
• HUNT, HENRY JACKSON (1819-1889)
• HUNT, JAMES HENRY LEIGH (1784-1859)
• HUNT, ROBERT (1807-1887)
• HUNT, THOMAS STERRY (1826-1892)
• HUNT, WILLIAM HENRY (1790—1864)
• HUNT, WILLIAM HOLMAN (1827-1910)
• HUNT, WILLIAM MORRIS (1824-1879)

hunt for See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food, and they offered a temptation to neighbouring tribes . Infanticide, how-ever, is not proved to have been so universal as McLennan suggests, and it is more probable that the See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason of exogamy is really to be found in that primitive social See also:

• SYSTEM

system which made the " captured " woman the only wife in the See also:

• MODERN

modern sense of the term . In the beginnings of human society children were related only to their See also:

• MOTHER

mother; and the women of a tribe were common See also:

• PROPERTY

property . Thus no See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man might appropriate any female or See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to maintain proprietary rights over her . With women of other tribes it would be different, and a See also:

• WARRIOR

warrior who captured a woman would doubtless pass unchallenged in his claim to possess her absolutely . Infanticide, the evil See also:

• PHYSICAL

physical effects of " in-and-in " breeding, the natural strength of the impulse to possess on the man's part, and the greater feeling of See also:

• SECURITY (Lat. securus, free from care, safe)

security and a tendency to See also:

• FAMILY

family See also:

• LIFE

life and affections on the woman's, would combine to make exogamy increase and marriages within the tribe decrease . A natural impulse would in a few generations tend to become a See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law or a custom, the violation of which would be looked on with horror .

Physical See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture, too, as soon as in-creasing See also:

• CIVILIZATION

civilization and tribal intercommunication removed the See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity for violence, became symbolic of the more permanent and individual relations of the sexes . An additional explanation of the prevalence of exogamy may be found in the natural tendency of exogamous tribes to increase in See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers and strength at the expense of those communities which moved towards decadence by in-breeding . Thus tradition would harden into a See also:

• PREJUDICE (Lat. praejudicium)

prejudice, strong as a principle of See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion, and exogamy would become the inviolable custom it is found to be among many races . In See also:

• AUSTRALIA

Australia, See also:

• SIR

Sir G . See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

Grey writes: " One of the most remarkable facts connected with the natives is that they are divided into certain See also:

• GREAT

great families, all the members of which See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear the same name . . . these family names are common over a great portion of the See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent and a man cannot marry a woman of his own family name." In eastern See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa, Sir R . See also:

• BURTON, JOHN HILL (1809–1881)
• BURTON, ROBERT (1577-1640)
• BURTON, SIR FREDERICK WILLIAM (1816–f goo)
• BURTON, SIR RICHARD FRANCIS (1821-1890)
• BURTON, WILLIAM EVANS (1804-1860)

Burton says: " The Somal will not marry one of the same, or even of a consanguineous family," and the Bakalahari have the same See also:

• RULE

rule . See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul B. du Chaillu found exogamy the rule and See also:

• BLOOD

blood marriages regarded as an See also:

• ABOMINATION (from Lat. ab, from, and orninare, to .fore-bode)

abomination throughout western See also:

• EQUATORIAL

Equatorial Africa . In See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India the Khasias, See also:

• JUANGS (Patuas, literally " leaf-wearers ")

Juangs, Waralis, Otaons, Hos and other tribes are strictly exogamous . The Kalmucks are divided into hordes, and no man may marry a woman of the same See also:

• HORDE

horde . Circassians and See also:

• SAMOYEDES

Samoyedes have similar rules . The See also:

• OSTIAKS, or OSTYAKS

Ostiaks regard endogamy (marriage within the See also:

• CLAN (Gaelic clann, O. Ir. cland, connected with Lat. planta, shoot or scion, the ancient Gaelic or Goidelic substituting k for p)

clan) as a See also:

• CRIME (Lat. crimen, accusation)

crime, as do the Yakuts of See also:

• SIBERIA

Siberia .

Among the See also:

• INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians of See also:

• AMERICA

America severe rules prescribing exogamy prevail . The Tsimsheean Indians of See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• COLUMBIA

Columbia are divided into tribes and totems, or " crests which are common to all the tribes," says one writer . " The crests are the See also:

• WHALE

whale, the See also:

• PORPOISE (sometimes spelled Porpus and Porpesse)

porpoise, the See also:

• EAGLE (Fr. aigle, from the Lat. aquila)

eagle, the See also:

• COON

coon, the See also:

• WOLF
• WOLF (Canis lupus)
• WOLF, FRIEDRICH AUGUST (1759-1824)
• WOLF, HUGO (1860-1903)
• WOLF, JOSEPH (1820-1899)

wolf and the See also:

• FROG

frog . . . The relationship existing between persons of the same See also:

• CREST
• CREST (Lat. crista, a plume or tuft)

crest is nearer than that between members of the same tribe .... Members of the same tribe may marry, but those of the same crest are not allowed to under any circumstances; that is, a whale. may not marry a whale, but a whale may marry a frog, &c." The Thlinkeets, the Mayas of See also:

• YUCATAN

Yucatan and the Indians of See also:

• GUIANA (Guyana, Guayana')

Guiana are exogamous, observing a custom which is thus seen to exist throughout Africa, in Siberia, See also:

• CHINA

China, India, See also:

• POLYNESIA, (Gr. iroXi,, many, and vnno-os, island)
• POLYNESIA, MELANESIA, MICRONESIA (q.v.)

Polynesia and the Americas .