See also:

• EXORCISM (Gr. EEop,d av, to conjure out)

EXORCISM (Gr. EEop,d av, to conjure out)  , the See also:

• EXPULSION (Lat. expulsio, from expellere)

expulsion of evil See also:

• SPIRITS

spirits from persons or places by incantations, magical See also:

• RITES

rites or other means . As a corollary of the animistic theory of diseases and of belief in See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

Possession (q.v.), we find widely spread customs whose See also:

• OBJECT

object is to get rid of See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

Lie evil influen::es . These customs may take the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of a -;eneral expulsion of evils, either once a See also:

• YEAR

year or at irregular intervals; the evils, which are often regarded as spirits, sometimes as the souls of the dead, may be expelled, according to See also:

• PRIMITIVE

primitive See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy, either immediately by spells, purifications or some form of See also:

• COERCION (from Lat. coercere, to restrain)
• COERCION, CONTRACT

coercion; or they may be put on the back of ascapegoat or other material vehicle . Among the means of compelling the evil spirits are assaults with warlike weapons or sticks, the See also:

• NOISE (a word of doubtful origin; O. Fr. nogse or nose; Prov. nausa, which points to Lat. nausea, sickness, as the origin; others take Lat. noxia, harm, as the source)

noise of musical See also:

• INSTRUMENTS

instruments or of the human See also:

• VOICE (Fr. voix, from Lat. vox)

voice, the use of masks, the invocation of more powerful See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good spirits, &c.; both See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire and See also:

• WATER

water are used to drive them out, and the use of See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron is a See also:

• COMMON

common means of holding them at See also:

• BAY

bay . The See also:

• TERM

term See also:

• EXORCISM (Gr. EEop,d av, to conjure out)

exorcism is applied more especially to the freeing of an individual from a possessing or disease-causing spirit; the means adopted are frequently the same as those mentioned above; in the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East Indies the sufferer sometimes dances See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round a small See also:

• SHIP

ship, into which the spirit passes and is then set adrift . The patient may be beaten or means may be employed whose efficiency depends largely on their suggestive nature . Among the Dakota See also:

• INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians the See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine-See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man chants hi-le-li-lahl at the See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed of the sick man and accompanies his See also:

• CHANT (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. cantare, to sing; an old form is " chaunt ")

chant with the rattle; he then sucks at the affected See also:

• PART

part till the possessing spirit is supposed to come out and take its See also:

• FLIGHT

flight, when men fire guns at it from the See also:

• DOOR (corresponding to the Gr. Bbpa,. Lat. fores or valvae; the English word, with other forms common in allied languages, comes from the same Indo-European stem as the Gr. Obpa and Lat. fares)

door of the See also:

• TENT

tent . The Zulus believe that they can get rid of the souls of the dead, which cause diseases, by sacrifices of See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle, or by expostulating with the spirits; so too the shaman or magician in other parts of the See also:

• WORLD

world offers the possessing spirit See also:

• OBJECTS

objects or animals . The professional See also:

• EXORCIST (Lat. exorcista, Gr. i oprcio•T17s)

exorcist was known among the See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews; in See also:

• GREECE

Greece the See also:

• ART

art was practised by See also:

• WOMEN

women, and it is recorded that the mothers of See also:

• EPICURUS (342–270 B.C.)

Epicurus and See also:

• AESCHINES (389-314 B.C.)
• AESCHINES (5th century B.C.)

Aeschines belonged to this class; both were bitterly reproached, the one by the See also:

• STOICS

Stoics, the other by See also:

• DEMOSTHENES

Demosthenes, with having taken part in the practices in question . The prominence of exorcism in the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early ages of the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church appears from its frequent mention in the writings of the fathers, and by the 3rd See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century there was an See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of exorcists (see EXORCIST) . The See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient rite of exorcism in connexion with See also:

• BAPTISM

baptism is still. retained in the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• RITUAL (from Lat. ritus, a custom, especially a religious rite or custom)

ritual, as is also a form of service for the exorcising of possessed persons . The exorcist signs the possessed See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person with the figure of the See also:

• CROSS

cross, desires him to kneel, and sprinkles him with See also:

• HOLY

holy water; after which the exorcist asks the See also:

• DEVIL (Gr. &a,3oXos, " slanderer," from &ctflisXX sty, to slander)

devil his name, and abjures him by the holy mysteries of the Christian See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion not to afflict the person possessed any more .

Then, laying his right See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand on the demoniac's See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head, he repeats the form of exorcism as follows: " I exorcise thee, unclean spirit, in the name' of Jesus See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ; tremble, 0 Satan, See also:

• THOU, JACQUES AUGUSTE DE [THUANUS] (1553-1617)
• THOU, NOM

thou enemy of the faith, thou foe of mankind, who hast brought See also:

• DEATH

death into the world, who hast deprived men of See also:

• LIFE

life, and hast rebelled against See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice, thou seducer of mankind, thou See also:

• ROOT (late O.E. rot, adopted from Scand., cf. Norw. and Swed. rot, Dan. rod; the true O.E. word was wyrt, plant, represented in Ger. Wurz or Wurzel; the ultimate root is the same in both words, and is seen in Lat. radix)
• ROOT, ELIHU (1845– )

root of evil, thou source of avarice, discord and envy." Houses and other places supposed to be haunted by uncleanspirits are likewise to beexorcised with similar rites, and in See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general exorcism has a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in all the ceremonies for consecrating and blessing persons or things (see See also:

• BENEDICTION (Lat. benedictio, from benedicere, to bless)

BENEDICTION) . See See also:

• TYLOR, EDWARD BURNETT (1832- )

Tylor, Primitive Culture; See also:

• SKEAT, WALTER WILLIAM (1835– )

Skeat, See also:

• MALAY

Malay Magic, p . 427 seq.; Frazer, . See also:

• GOLDEN

Golden Bough, vol. iii . 189; See also:

• KRAFFT (or KRAFT), ADAM (c. 1455-1507)

Krafft, Ausfiihrliche Historic von Exorcismus; Koldeweg, Der Exorcismus See also:

• IM(K2+a2+h2—2 ah cos 0)

im Herzogthum Braunschweigg ; Brecher, Das Transcendentale, Magic, etc. imTalmud, pp . 195-203 : Zeitschr. See also:

• FUR (connected with O. Fr. forre, a sheath or case; so " an outer covering ")

fur Assyriologie (Dec . 1893, See also:

• APRIL

April 1894) ; See also:

• HERZOG, HANS (1819–1894)
• HERZOG, JOHANN JAKOB (1805-1882)

Herzog, Realencykl., s.v . " Exorcismus "; Waldmeier, Autobiography, p . 64; L . W . See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King, Babylonian Magic; See also:

• MAURY, LOUIS FERDINAND ALFRED (1817–1892)
• MAURY, MATTHEW FONTAINE (1806-1873)

Maury, La Magie; R . C .

See also:

• THOMPSON
• THOMPSON, FRANCIS (1860-1907)
• THOMPSON, LAUNT (1833-1894)
• THOMPSON, SIR HENRY, BART
• THOMPSON, SIR JOHN SPARROW (1844-1894)
• THOMPSON, THOMAS PERONNET (1783-1869)
• THOMPSON, WILLIAM HEPWORTH (18ro–1886)

Thompson, Devils and Evil Spirits of Babylonia .