See also:

• FAEROE (also written FAROE or THE FAEROES, Danish Faeroerne or Fliroerne, "the sheep islands ")

FAEROE (also written FAROE or THE FAEROES, Danish Faeroerne or Fliroerne, "the See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep islands ")  , a See also:

• GROUP

group of islands in the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea belonging to See also:

• DENMARK
• DENMARK (Danmark)

Denmark . They are situated between See also:

• ICELAND (Dan. Island)

Iceland and the See also:

• SHETLAND, or ZETLAND

Shetland Islands, about zoo m . N.W. of the latter, about the intersection of 7° E. with 62° N . The See also:

• TOTAL

total See also:

• LAND

land See also:

• AREA

area of the group is 511 sq. m., and there are twenty-one islands (excluding small rocks and reefs), of which seventeen are inhabited . The See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population in r88o amounted to 11,220, and in 1900 to 15,230 . The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal islands are Stromo, on which is the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• TOWN

town, Thorshavn, with a population of 1656; Ostero, Sudero, Vaago, Sando and BOrd0 . They consist through-out of rocks and hills, separated from each other by narrow valleys or ravines; but, though the hills rise abruptly, there are often on their summits, or at different stages of their ascent, plains of considerable magnitude . Almost everywhere they See also:

• PRESENT

present to the sea perpendicular cliffs, broken into fantastic forms, affording at every turn, to those who See also:

• SAIL

sail along the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast, the most picturesque and varied scenery . The highest hills are Slattaretindur in Ostero, and Kopende and Skellingfjeld in Stromo, which rise respectively to 2894, 2592 and 2520 ft . The sea pierces the islands in deep fjords, or separates them by narrow inlets through which tidal currents set with See also:

• GREAT

great violence, at speeds up to seven or eight knots an See also:

• HOUR

hour; and, as communications are maintained almost wholly by See also:

• BOAT (0. Eng. bdt; the true etymological connexion with Dutch and Ger. boot, Fr. bateau, Ital. battello presents great difficulties; Celtic forms are from O. Eng.)

boat, the natives have need of See also:

• EXPERT (Lat. expertus, from experiri, to try)

expert watermanship . There are several lakes in which See also:

• TROUT (Salmo trutta)

trout are abundant, and See also:

• CHAR (Salvelinus)

char aiso occur; the largest is Sorvaag See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake in Vaago, which is See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close to the sea, and discharges into it by a sheer fall of about 16o ft . Trees are scarce, and there is See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence that they formerly flourished where they cannot do so now .

The fundamental formation is a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of great sheets of columnar See also:

• BASALT

basalt, 70 to 100 ft. thick, in which are intercalated thin beds of See also:

• TUFF (Ital. tufo)

tuff . Upon the basalt rests the so-called See also:

• COAL

Coal formation, 35 to 50 ft. thick; the See also:

• LOWER

lower See also:

• PART

part of this is mainly fireclay and See also:

• SANDSTONE

sandstone, the upper part is weathered See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

clay with thin layers of See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown coal and shale . The coal is found in Sudero and in some of the other islands in sufficient quantity to make it a See also:

• MATTER

matter of exploitation . Above these beds there are layers of See also:

• DOLERITE (from Gr. SoXepos, deceptive)

dolerite, 15 to 20 ft. thick, with nodular segregations and abundant cavities which are often lined with See also:

• ZEOLITES

zeolites . As the rocks See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie in a See also:

• HORIZONTAL

horizontal position, on most of the islands of the group only the basalts or dolerite are visible . The See also:

• CRATER

crater from which the volcanic rocks were outpoured probably lies off the See also:

• FAEROE (also written FAROE or THE FAEROES, Danish Faeroerne or Fliroerne, "the sheep islands ")

Faeroe See also:

• BANK

Bank some distance to the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of Sudero . The basalts are submarine flows which formed the basis of the land upon which See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew the vegetation which gave rise to the coals; the effusion of dolerite which covered up the Coal formation was sub-aerial . The existing land features, with the fjords, are due to See also:

• ICE (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Eis)

ice erosion in the glacial See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period.' The See also:

• CLIMATE

climate is oceanic; fogs are See also:

• COMMON

common, violent storms are frequent at all seasons . See also:

• JULY

July and See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August are the only true summer months, but the winters are not very severe . It seldom freezes for more than one See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month, and the harbours are rarely ice-See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound . The methods of See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

agriculture are extremely See also:

• PRIMITIVE

primitive and less than 3 % of the total area is under cultivation . As the plough is See also:

• ILL

ill-suited to the rugged See also:

• SURFACE

surface of the land, the ground is usually turned up with the See also:

• SPADE

spade, care being taken not to destroy the roots of the grass, as See also:

• HAY
• HAY (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Heu, Dutch hooi; the root from which it is derived, meaning " to cut," is also seen in " to hew "; cf. " hoe ")
• HAY, GEORGE (1729—1811)
• HAY, GILBERT
• HAY, JOHN (1838–1905)

hay is the principal See also:

• CROP (a word common. in various forms, such as Germ. Kropf, to many Teutonic languages for a swelling, excrescence, round head or top of anything; it appears also in Romanic languages derived from Teutonic, in Fr. as troupe, whence the English " crupper "

crop .

Horses and cows are few, and the cows give little See also:

• MILK (0. Eng. meoluc; from a common Indo-European root, cf. Lat. mulgere, Gr. ?t dXyetv)

milk, in consequence of the coarse hay upon which they are fed . The number of See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep, however, justifies the name of the islands, some individuals having flocks of from three to five See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred, and the total number in the islands considerably exceeds ten thousand . The See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• HARE
• HARE, SIR JOHN (1844– )

hare (Lepus alpinus) is See also:

• PRETTY

pretty abundant in Stromo and Ostero, having been introduced into the islands about 1840-1850 . The catching of the numerous sea-birds which build their nests upon the See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face of the cliffs forms an important source of subsistence to the inhabitants . Sometimes the See also:

• FOWLER, CHARLES (1792-1867)
• FOWLER, EDWARD (1632-1714)
• FOWLER, JOHN (1826-1864)
• FOWLER, SIR JOHN (1817-1898)
• FOWLER, WILLIAM (c. 156o-1614)

fowler is let down from the See also:

• TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

top of the cliff; at other times he climbs the rocks, or, where possible, is pushed upwards by poles made for the purpose . The birds and the contents of the nests are taken in nets mounted on poles; See also:

• SHOOTING

shooting is not practised, lest it should permanently scare the birds away . Fowling, has some-what decreased in See also:

• MODERN

modern times, as the See also:

• FISHERIES

fisheries have risen in importance . The See also:

• PUFFIN

puffin is most commonly taken for its feathers . The See also:

• COD

cod See also:

• FISHERY (LAW OF)

fishery is especially important, dried See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish being exported in large quantity, and the swim-bladders made into gelatine, and also used and exported for See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food . The whaling See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry came into importance towards the close of the 19th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and stations for the extraction of the oil and See also:

• WHALEBONE

whalebone have been established at several points, under careful regulations designed to mitigate the pollution of See also:

• WATER

water, the danger to live-stock from eating the blubber, &c . The finner See also:

• WHALE

whale is the See also:

• SPECIES

species most commonly taken . The See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade of the Faeroe Islands was for some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time a See also:

• MONOPOLY (Gr. govomeXla or govoircaXwv, exclusive sale, from govds, alone, and irwXeiv, to sell)

monopoly in the hands of a See also:

• MERCANTILE (or COMMERCIAL) AGENCIES

mercantile See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house at See also:

• COPENHAGEN (Danish Kjobenhavn)

Copenhagen, and this monopoly was afterwards assumed by the Danish See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government, but by the See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law of the 21st of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1855 all restrictions were removed .

The produce of the whaling and fishing See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries, woollen goods, See also:

• LAMB (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Lamm)
• LAMB, CHARLES (1775–1834)

lamb skins and feathers, are the chief exports, while in Thorshavn the preserving of fish and the manufacture of carpets are carried on to some extent . Thorshavn is situated on the S.E. See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of Stromo, upon a narrow See also:

• TONGUE (O. Eng. lunge)

tongue of land, having creeks on each side, where See also:

• SHIPS

ships may be safely moored . It is the seat of the chief government and ecclesiastical officials, and has a government house and a See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital . The houses are generally built of See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood and roofed with See also:

• BIRCH
• BIRCH (Betula)
• BIRCH, SAMUEL (1813–1885)
• BIRCH, THOMAS (1705-1766)

birch bark covered with See also:

• TURF

turf . The See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of the See also:

• PEOPLE

people is marked by simplicity of See also:

• MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners, kindness and hospitality . They are healthy, and the population increases steadily . The Faeroes See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form an amt (See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county) of Denmark . They have also a See also:

• LOCAL

local See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament (lagthing), consisting of the amtmann and nineteen other members . Among other duties, this See also:

• BODY

body elects a representative to the upper house of parliament (landsthing) in Denmark; the people choose by See also:

• VOTE

vote a representative in the lower house (folkething) . The islands are included in the Danish bishopric of See also:

• ZEALAND (also SEALAND Or SEELAND; Danish Sjaelland)

Zealand . See also:

• HISTORY

History.—The See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early history of the Faeroes is not clear . It appears that about the beginning of the 9th century Grim Kamban, a See also:

• NORWEGIAN

Norwegian emigrant who had See also:

• LEFT

left his See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country to See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape the tyranny of Harold Haarfager, settled in the islands .

It is said that a small See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony of Irish and Scottish monks were found in Siidero and dispersed by him . The Faeroes then already See also:

• BORE

bore their name of Sheep Islands, as these animals had been found to flourish here exceedingly . Early in the 11th century Sigmund or See also:

• SIGISMUND (1368-1437)

Sigismund Bresterson, whose See also:

• FAMILY

family had flourished in the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern islands but had been almost exterminated by See Hans von See also:

• POST

Post, " Om Faroarnes uppkomst," Geologiska FOreningens i See also:

• STOCKHOLM

Stockholm Forhandlingar, vol. See also:

• XXIV

xxiv . (1902).invaders from the northern, was sent from See also:

• NORWAY
• NORWAY (Norge)

Norway, whither he had escaped, to take See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the islands for See also:

• OLAF
• OLAF (II.)
• OLAF, or ANLAF (d. 981)

Olaf Trygvason, See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of Norway . He introduced See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity, and, though he was subsequently murdered, Norwegian supremacy was upheld, and continued till 1386, when the islands were transferred to Denmark . See also:

• ENGLISH

English adventurers gave great trouble to the in-habitants in the 16th century, and the name of See also:

• MAGNUS, HEINRICH GUSTAV (1802-1870)

Magnus Heineson, a native of Stromo, who was sent by See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick II. to clear the seas, is still celebrated in many songs and stories . There was formerly a bishopric at Kirkebo, S. of Thorshavn, where remains of the See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral may be seen; but it was abolished at the introduction of Protestantism by See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian III . Denmark retained possession of the Faeroes at the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of See also:

• KIEL

Kiel in 1815 . The native literature of the islands consists of the Faereyinga See also:

• SAGA (literally a story committed to writing)

Saga, dealing with the period of Sigmund Bresterson, and a number of popular songs and legends of early origin .