See also:

• FAGGING (from " fag," meaning " weary"; of uncertain etymology)

FAGGING (from " See also:

• FAG

fag," meaning " weary"; of uncertain See also:

• ETYMOLOGY (Gr. grvµos, true, and X6yos, "account)

etymology)  , in See also:

• ENGLISH

English public See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools, a See also:

• SYSTEM

system under which, generally with the full approval of the authorities, a junior boy performs certain duties for a See also:

• SENIOR, NASSAU WILLIAM (1790-1864)

senior . In detail this See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom varies slightly in the different schools, but its purpose—the See also:

• MAINTENANCE (Fr. maintenance, from maintenir, to maintain, support, Lat. manu tenere, to hold in the hand)

maintenance of discipline among the boys themselves—is the same . Dr See also:

• ARNOLD
• ARNOLD, BENEDICT (1741-1801)
• ARNOLD, GOTTFRIED (1666-1714)
• ARNOLD, MATTHEW (1822-1888)
• ARNOLD, SAMUEL (1740--18o2)
• ARNOLD, SIR EDWIN (1832-1904)
• ARNOLD, THOMAS (1745-1842)

Arnold of See also:

• RUGBY

Rugby defined See also:

• FAGGING (from " fag," meaning " weary"; of uncertain etymology)

fagging as " the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power given by the supreme authorities of the school to the See also:

• SIXTH

Sixth See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

Form, to be exercised by them over the See also:

• LOWER

lower boys, for the See also:

• SAKE

sake of securing a See also:

• REGULAR

regular See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government among the boys themselves, and avoiding the evils of anarchy; in other words, of the lawless tyranny of See also:

• BRUTE, SIMON WILLIAM GABRIEL (1779–1839)

brute force." Fagging was a fully established system at See also:

• ETON

Eton and See also:

• WINCHESTER
• WINCHESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Winchester in the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and is probably a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• DEAL

deal older . That the advantages of thus granting the boys a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of See also:

• AUTONOMY (Gr. abr6s, self, and v6pos, law)

autonomy have stood the test of See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time is obvious from the fact that in almost all the See also:

• GREAT

great public schools founded during the 19th century, fagging has been deliberately adopted by the authorities . The right to See also:

• FAG

fag carries with it certain well-defined duties . The fag-See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master is the See also:

• PROTECTOR

protector of his fags, and responsible for their happiness and good conduct . In cases of bullying or injustice their See also:

• APPEAL

appeal is to him, not to the form or See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house master, and, except in the gravest cases, all such cases are dealt with by the fag-master on his own responsibility and without See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report to the master . Until See also:

• RECENT

recent years a fag's duties included such humble tasks as blacking boots, brushing clothes, and cooking breakfasts, and there was no limit as to See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

hours; almost all the fag's spare time being so monopolized . This is now changed . Fagging is now restricted to such See also:

• LIGHT

light tasks as See also:

• RUNNING

running errands, bringing See also:

• TEA (Chinese cha, Amoy dialect t€)

tea to the "master's" study, and fagging at See also:

• CRICKET
• CRICKET (Gryllidae)

cricket or See also:

• FOOTBALL

football . At Eton there is no cricket fagging, and at most schools it is made lighter by all the fags taking their turn in regular See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order for one See also:

• HOUR

hour, so that each boy has to " fag " but once in so many See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks . At Rugby there is " study-fagging "—two fags being assigned to each Sixth Form boy and made responsible for the sweeping out and tidying up of his study alternately each See also:

• WEEK (from A.S. wicu, Germanic *wikon, probably=change, turn)

week,—and " See also:

• NIGHT

night-fagging "= running errands for the Sixth between 8.3o and 9.30 every evening,—and each boy can choose whether he will be a study-fag or night-fag .

The right to fag is usually restricted to the Sixth Form, but at Eton the See also:

• PRIVILEGE

privilege is also granted the Fifth, and at See also:

• MARLBOROUGH
• MARLBOROUGH, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• MARLBOROUGH, JOHN CHURCHILL, 1ST DUKE OF (1650-1722)

Marlborough and elsewhere the Eleven have a right to fag at cricket, whether in the Sixth or not .