See also:

• SIR

SIR See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

WILLIAM See also:

• FAIRBAIRN, ANDREW MARTIN (1838- )
• SIR WILLIAM FAIRBAIRN

FAIRBAIRN  , See also:

• BART, JEAN (1651-1702)

Bart . (1789–1874), Scottish engineer, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 19th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1789 at See also:

• KELSO

Kelso, See also:

• ROXBURGHSHIRE

Roxburghshire, where his See also:

• FATHER

father was a See also:

• FARM

farm-See also:

• BAILIFF

bailiff . In 1803 he obtained See also:

• WORK

work at three shillings a See also:

• WEEK (from A.S. wicu, Germanic *wikon, probably=change, turn)

week as a See also:

• MASON, FRANCIS (1799—1874)
• MASON, GEORGE (1725—1792)
• MASON, GEORGE HEMMING (1818–1872)
• MASON, JAMES MURRAY (1798-1871)
• MASON, JOHN (1586-1635)
• MASON, JOHN YOUNG (1799-1859)
• MASON, LOWELL (1792—1872)
• MASON, SIR JOHN (1503–1566)
• MASON, SIR JOSIAH (1795-1881)
• MASON, WILLIAM (1725—1797)

mason's labourer on the See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge then being built by See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• RENNIE, JOHN (1761–1821)

Rennie at Kelso; but within a few days he was incapacitated by an See also:

• ACCIDENT
• ACCIDENT (from Lat. accidere, to happen)

accident . Later in the same See also:

• YEAR

year, his father having been appointed steward on a farm connected with See also:

• PERCY (FAMILY)
• PERCY, SIR HENRY
• PERCY, THOMAS (1729-1811)
• PERCY, THOMAS (c. 156o-16os)

Percy See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

Main Colliery near See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North See also:

• SHIELDS, JAMES (181b-1879)

Shields, he obtained employment as a See also:

• CARTER, ELIZABETH (1717-1806)

carter in connexion with the colliery . In See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1804 he was See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound an apprentice to a millwright at Percy Main, and then found See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time to supplement the deficiencies of his See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• EDUCATION

education by systematic private study . It was at Percy Main that he made the acquaintance of See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• STEPHENSON, GEORGE (1781–1848)
• STEPHENSON, O
• STEPHENSON, ROBERT (1803-1859)

Stephenson, who then had See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of an See also:

• ENGINE
• ENGINE (Lat. ingenium)

engine at a neighbouring colliery . For some years subsequent to the expiry of his See also:

• APPRENTICESHIP (from Fr. apprendre, to learn)

apprenticeship in 1811, he lived a somewhat roving See also:

• LIFE

life, seldom remaining See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long in one See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place and often reduced to very hard straits before he got employment . But in 1817 he entered into See also:

• PARTNERSHIP (earlier forms, partener, parcener, from Late Lat. partionarius for partitionarius, from partitio, sharing, pars, part)

partnership with a shopmate, See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James Lillie, with whose aid he hired an old See also:

• SHED

shed in High See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

Street, See also:

• MANCHESTER
• MANCHESTER (popularly Manchester-by-the-Sea)
• MANCHESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Manchester, where he set up a See also:

• LATHE

lathe and began business . The See also:

• FIRM

firm quickly secured a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good reputation, II and the improvements in See also:

• MILL
• MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
• MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
• MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
• MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)

mill-work and See also:

• WATER

water-wheels introduced by See also:

• FAIRBAIRN, ANDREW MARTIN (1838- )
• FAIRBAIRN, SIR WILLIAM

Fairbairn caused its fame to extend beyond Manchester to See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland and even the See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe . The partnership was dissolved in 1832 . In 1830 Fairbairn had been employed by the Forth and See also:

• CLYDE (Welsh, Clwyd, " far heard," " strong," the Glotta of Tacitus)
• CLYDE, COLIN CAMPBELL, BARON (1792-1863)

Clyde See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

Canal See also:

• COMPANY

Company to make experiments with the view of determining whether it were possible to construct steamers capable of traversing the canal at a See also:

• SPEED, JOHN (1552–1629)

speed which would compete successfully with that of the railway; and the results of his investigation were published by him in 1831, under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title Remarks on Canal See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

Navigation . His See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan of using See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron boats proved inadequate to overcome the difficulties of this problem, but in the development of the use of this material both in the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant vessels and men-of-See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war he took a leading See also:

• PART

part .

In this way also he was led to pursue extensive experiments in regard to the strength of iron . In 1835 he established, in connexion with his Manchester business, a See also:

• SHIPBUILDING

shipbuilding yard at Millwall, See also:

• LONDON

London, where he constructed several See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred vessels, including many for the royal See also:

• NAVY

navy; but he ultimately found that other engagements prevented him from paying adequate See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention to the management, and at the end of fourteen years he disposed of the concern at a See also:

• GREAT

great loss . In 1837 he was consulted by the See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan of See also:

• TURKEY

Turkey in regard to machinery for the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government workshops at See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople . In 1845 he was employed, in See also:

• CONJUNCTION (from Lat. conjungere, to join together)

conjunction with See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert Stephenson, in constructing the tubular railway See also:

• BRIDGES
• BRIDGES, ROBERT (1844– )

bridges across the See also:

• CONWAY (Conwy, or Aberconwy)
• CONWAY, HENRY SEYMOUR (1721-1795)
• CONWAY, HUGH
• CONWAY, MONCURE DANIEL (1832–1907)
• CONWAY, SIR WILLIAM MARTIN (1856– )

Conway and Menai Straits . The See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share he had in the undertaking has been the subject of some dispute; his own version is contained in a See also:

• VOLUME

volume he published in 1849, An See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

Account of the Construction of the Britannia and Conway Tubular Bridges . In 1849 he was invited by the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia to submit designs for the construction of a bridge across the See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine, but after various negotiations, another See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design, by a Prussian engineer, which was a modification of Fairbairn's, was adopted . Another See also:

• MATTER

matter which engaged much of Fairbairn's attention was See also:

• STEAM
• STEAM (0. Eng. steam, vapour, smoke, cf. Du. steam; the origin is unknown)

steam boilers, in the construction of which he effected many improvements . Amid all the cares of business he found time for varied scientific investigation . In 1851 his fertility and readiness of invention greatly aided an inquiry carried out at his Manchester See also:

• WORKS

works by See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• THOMSON, JAMES (1822-1892)
• THOMSON, JAMES (1834-1882)
• THOMSON, JAMES (r700-1748)
• THOMSON, JOHN (1778-184o)
• THOMSON, JOSEPH (1858-1895)
• THOMSON, SIR CHARLES WYVILLE (1830-1882)
• THOMSON, THOMAS (1773-1852)
• THOMSON, WILLIAM (1819-189o)

Thomson (See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• KELVIN, WILLIAM THOMSON, BARON (1824-1907)

Kelvin) and J . P . See also:

• JOULE, JAMES PRESCOTT (1818–1889)

Joule, at the instigation of William See also:

• HOPKINS, EDWARD WASHBURN (1857— )
• HOPKINS, ESEK (1718-18oz)
• HOPKINS, MARK (1802—1887)
• HOPKINS, SAMUEL (1721–1803)
• HOPKINS, WILLIAM (1793–1866)

Hopkins, to determine the melting points of substances under great pressure; and from 1861 to 1865 he was employed to See also:

• GUIDE (in Mid. Eng. gyde, from the Fr. guide; the earlier French form was guie, English " guy," the d was due to the Italian form guida; the ultimate origin is probably Teutonic, the word being connected with the base seen in O. Eng. witan, to know)

guide the experiments of the government See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee appointed to inquire into the " application of iron to defensive purposes." He died at See also:

• MOOR

Moor See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

Park, See also:

• SURREY
• SURREY, EARLDOM OF
• SURREY, HENRY HOWARD, EARL OF (1518?-1547)

Surrey, on the 18th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1874 . Fairbairn was a member of many learned See also:

• SOCIETIES, LEARNED

societies, both See also:

• BRITISH

British and See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign, and in 1861 served as See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the British Association .

He declined a See also:

• KNIGHTHOOD

knighthood . in 1861, but accepted a baronetcy in 1869 . His youngest See also:

• BROTHER

brother, Sir See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

PETER FAIRBAIRN (1799–1861), founded a large See also:

• MACHINE
• MACHINE (through Fr. from Lat. form machina of Gr. µnxavil)

machine manufacturing business in See also:

• LEEDS
• LEEDS, THOMAS OSBORNE

Leeds . Starting on a small See also:

• SCALE
• SCALE (1) A

scale with See also:

• FLAX

flax-See also:

• SPINNING (from O. Eng. spinnen, to spin, cf. Ger. spinnen, &c., the Teut. root is seen, to draw out, cf. span, spider)

spinning machinery, he subsequently extended his operations to the manufacture of textile machinery in See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, and finally to that of See also:

• ENGINEERING

engineering tools . He was knighted in 1858 . See The Life of Sir William Fairbairn, partly written by himself and edited and completed by Dr William See also:

• POLE (FAMILY)
• POLE, REGINALD (1500-1558)
• POLE, RICHARD DE LA (d. 1525)
• POLE, WILLIAM (1814—1900)

Pole (1877) .