FANTI  , a nation of Negroes, inhabiting See also:

• PART

part of the seaboard of the See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

Gold See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

Coast See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony, See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa, and about 20,000 sq. m. of the interior . They number about a million . They have many traditions of See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early migrations . It seems probable that the Fanti and See also:

• ASHANTI

Ashanti were originally one See also:

• RACE

race, driven from the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east towards the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea by more powerful races, possibly the ancestors of See also:

• FULA (FULBE, FELLATAH or PEULS)

Fula and See also:

• HAUSA

Hausa . There are many words in Fanti for See also:

• PLANTS

plants and animals not now existing in the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, but which abound in the Gurunsi and Moshi countries farther north . These regions have been always haunted by slave-raiders, and possibly these latter may have influenced the See also:

• EXODUS, BOOK OF
• EXODUS, THE

exodus . At any See also:

• RATE

rate, the Fanti were early driven into the forests from the open plains and slopes of the hills . The name Fanti, an See also:

• ENGLISH

English version of Mfantsi, is supposed to be derived from See also:

• FAN (Lat. vannus; Fr. eventail)

fan, a See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild See also:

• CABBAGE

cabbage, and ti, di or dz, to eat; the See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story being that upon the See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile of the tribe the only available See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food was some such plant . They are divided into seven tribes, obviously totemic, and with rules as to See also:

• EXOGAMY (Gr. few, outside; and yaµor, marriage)

exogamy still in force . (1) Kwonna, See also:

• BUFFALO

buffalo; (2) Elchwi, See also:

• LEOPARD

leopard; (3) Eso, See also:

• BUSH

bush-See also:

• CAT
• CAT, CIVET
• CAT, HOUSE

cat; (4) Nitchwa, See also:

• DOG

dog; (5) Nnuna, See also:

• PARROT (according to Skeat, from Fr. Perrot or Pies-rot, the diminutive of the proper name Pierrel)

parrot; (6) Ebradzi, See also:

• LION
• LION (Lat, leo, leonis; Gr. Mew)

lion; and (7) Abrutu, See also:

• CORN (a common Teutonic word; cf. Lat. granum, seed, grain)
• CORN (fromm Lat. corms, horn)

corn-stalk; these names are obsolete, though the meanings are known . The tribal marks are three gashes in front of the See also:

• EAR (common Teut.; O.E. are, Ger. Ohr, Du. oor, akin to Lat. auris, Gr. ovs)

ear on each See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side in a See also:

• LINE

line parallel to the See also:

• JAW (Mid. Eng. jawe, jowe and geowe, O. Eng. cheowan, connected with " chaw " and " chew," and in form with " jowl ")

jaw-See also:

• BONE (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, in many of which it is confined to the shank of the leg, as in the German Bein)
• BONE, HENRY (1755-1834)

bone . The Fanti See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language has been associated by A .

B . See also:

• ELLIS (originally SHARPE), ALEXANDER JOHN (1814-189o)
• ELLIS, GEORGE (1753-1815)
• ELLIS, ROBINSON (1834- )
• ELLIS, SIR HENRY (1777-1869)
• ELLIS, WILLIAM (1794 – 1872)

Ellis with the Ashanti speech as the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal descendant of an See also:

• ORIGINAL

original language, possibly the Tshi (pronounced Tchwi), which is generally considered as the See also:

• PARENT, SIMON NAPOLEON (1855– )

parent of Ashanti, Fanti, Akira, Akwapim and See also:

• MODERN

modern Tshi . The See also:

• AVERAGE

average Fanti is of a dull See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour, of See also:

• MEDIUM

medium height, with See also:

• NEGROID

negroid features . Some of the See also:

• WOMEN

women, when See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young, are quite See also:

• PRETTY

pretty . The women use various perfumes, one of the most usual being prepared from the excrement of See also:

• SNAKES

snakes . There are no See also:

• SPECIAL

special initiatory See also:

• RITES

rites for the youthful Fanti, only a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short seclusion for girls when they reach the marriageable See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age . See also:

• MARRIAGE

Marriage is a See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere See also:

• MATTER

matter of See also:

• SALE
• SALE, GEORGE (c. 1697-1736)
• SALE, SIR ROBERT HENRY (1782—1845)

sale, and the maidens are tricked out in all the See also:

• FAMILY

family finery and walk See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the See also:

• VILLAGE

village to indicate that they are ready for husbands . The marriages frequently end in See also:

• DIVORCE

divorce . See also:

• POLYGAMY, (Gr. nabs, many, and yayos, marriage)

Polygamy is universally practised . The care of the See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children is See also:

• LEFT

left exclusively to the mothers, who are regarded by the Fanti with deep veneration, while little See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention is paid to the fathers . Wives never eat with their husbands, but always with the children . The rightful See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir in native See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law is the eldest See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew, i.e. the eldest See also:

• SISTER

sister's eldest son, who invariably inherits wives, children and all See also:

• PROPERTY

property .

As to See also:

• TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenure of See also:

• LAND

land, the source of ownership of land is derived from the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief's " See also:

• STOOL

stool," which is, like the See also:

• THRONE

throne of a See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, the See also:

• SYMBOL (Gr. o-uµ(3oXov, a sign)

symbol of authority, and not even the chief can alienate the land from the stool . See also:

• FEMALES

Females may succeed to property, but generally only when the acquisition of such property is the result of their succeeding to the stool of a chief . The Fanti are not permanent cultivators of the See also:

• SOIL

soil . Three or at most five years will See also:

• COVER (from the Fr. convert, from couvrir, to cover, Lat. cooperire)

cover the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period during which land is continuously cultivated . The commonest native dishes are See also:

• PALM (Lat. palma, Gr. iraX6.jn )
• PALM, JOHANN PHILIPP (1768-1806)

palm-oil chop, a bowl of palm oil, produced by boiling freshly ground palm nuts, in which a See also:

• FOWL (Dan. Fugl, Ger. Vogel)

fowl or See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish is then cooked; and fufu, " See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white," a boiled mash of yams or plantains . The Fanti have a See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste for See also:

• SHARK

shark-flesh, called locally " stink-fish." It is sliced up and partly See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

sun-dried, and is eaten in a putrid See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state . The Fanti are skilful sailors and fishermen, build excellent canoes, and are See also:

• EXPERT (Lat. expertus, from experiri, to try)

expert weavers . Pottery and goldsmithery are trades also followed . Their See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion is See also:

• FETISHISM

fetishism, every Fanti having his own " fetish " or See also:

• FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar spirit, but there is a belief in a beneficent Creative Being . Food is offered the dead, and a ceremony of See also:

• PURIFICATION

purification is said to be indulged in at funerals, the bearers and mourners plunging into the sea or See also:

• RIVER

river after the interment . See See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal of Anthropological See also:

• INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

Institute of See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain, vol . 261 pp .

128 et seq.; A . B . Ellis, The Tshi-speaking Peoples of the Gold Coast (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1887) . FANTIN-LATOUR, IGNACE See also:

• HENRI

HENRI See also:

• JEAN

JEAN See also:

• THEODORE
• THEODORE (602-690)
• THEODORE (Fedor) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1741–1796)
• THEODORE (Rus. Fedor, or Feodor)

THEODORE (1836-1904), See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French artist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• GRENOBLE

Grenoble on the 14th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1836 . He studied first with his See also:

• FATHER

father, a See also:

• PASTEL

pastel painter, and then at the See also:

• DRAWING

drawing school of Lecoq de Boisbaudran, and later under See also:

• COUTURE, THOMAS (1815-1879)

Couture . He was the friend of See also:

• INGRES, JEAN AUGUSTE DOMINIQUE (178o-1867)

Ingres, Dalacroix, See also:

• COROT

Corot, See also:

• COURBET, GUSTAVE (1819-1877)

Courbet and others . He exhibited in the See also:

• SALON

Salon of z861, and many of his more important canvases appeared on its wallsin later years, though 1863 found him with See also:

• HARPIGNIES, HENRI (1819– )

Harpignies, See also:

• MANET, EDOUARD (1832-1883)

Manet, See also:

• LEGROS, ALPHONSE (1837– )

Legros and See also:

• WHISTLER, JAMES ABBOTT

Whistler in the Salon See also:

• DES

des Refuses . Whistler introduced him to English See also:

• ARTISTIC

artistic circles, and he lived for some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, many of his portraits and See also:

• FLOWER (Lat. flos, floris; Fr. fleur)
• FLOWER, SIB

flower pieces being in English galleries . He died on the 28th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1904 . His portrait See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups, arranged somewhat after the manner of the Dutch masters, are as interesting from their subjects as they are from the artistic point of view . "Homntagea See also:

• DELACROIX, FERDINAND VICTOR EUGENE (1798-1863)

Delacroix" showed portraits of Whistler and Legros, See also:

• BAUDELAIRE, CHARLES PIERRE (1821-1867)

Baudelaire, Champfleury and himself; " Un Atelier a Batignolles " gave portraits of See also:

• MONET, CLAUDE (184o- )

Monet, Manet, See also:

• ZOLA, EMILE EDOUARD CHARLES ANTOINE (1840-1902)

Zola and See also:

• RENOIR, FIRMIN AUGUSTE (1841– )

Renoir, and is now in the Luxembourg; " Un See also:

• COIN
• COIN (older forms of the word are coyne, quoin and coign, all derived through the O. Fr. coing, and cuigne from Lat. cuneus, a wedge)

Coin de table" presented See also:

• VERLAINE, PAUL (1844–1896)

Verlaine, See also:

• RIMBAUD, JEAN ARTHUR (1854-1891)

Rimbaud, Camille Peladan and others; and " Autour du Piano " contained portraits of See also:

• CHABRIER, ALEXIS EMMANUEL (1841-1894)

Chabrier, D'Indy and other musicians . His paintings of See also:

• FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

flowers are perfect examples of the See also:

• ART

art, and See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form perhaps the most famous See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section of his See also:

• WORK

work in England .

In his later years he devoted much attention to See also:

• LITHOGRAPHY (Gr. MOOS, a stone, and ypakecv, to write)

lithography, which had occupied him as early as 1862, but his examples were then considered so revolutionary, with their strong See also:

• LIGHTS, CEREMONIAL USE OF

lights and See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black shadows, that the printer refused to execute them . After " L'Anniversaire " in See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of See also:

• BERLIOZ, HECTOR (1803-1869)

Berlioz in the Salon cf 1876, he regularly exhibited lithographs, some of which were excellent examples of delicate See also:

• PORTRAITURE

portraiture, others being elusive and imaginative drawings illustrative of the See also:

• MUSIC

music of See also:

• WAGNER, ADOLF (1835- )
• WAGNER, RUDOLPH (1805-1864)
• WAGNER, WILHELM RICHARD (1813-1883)

Wagner (whose cause he championed in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris as early as 1864), Berlioz, See also:

• BRAHMS, JOHANNES (1833–1897)

Brahms and other composers . He illustrated Adolphe See also:

• JULLIEN, LOUIS ANTOINE (1812-186o)

Jullien's Wagner (1886) and Berlioz (1888) . There are excellent collections of his lithographic work at See also:

• DRESDEN

Dresden, in the British Museum, and a practically See also:

• COMPLETE

complete set given by his widow tb the Louvre . Some were also exhibited at See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• KENSINGTON

Kensington in 1898-1899, and at the Dutch See also:

• GALLERY (through Ital. galleria, from Med. Lat. galeria, of which the origin is unknown)

gallery in 1904 . A See also:

• CATALOGUE (a Fr. adaptation of the Gr. KaraXoyos, a register, from Karalyety, to enrol or pick out)

catalogue of the lithographs of Fantin-Latour was See also:

• DRAWN

drawn up by Germain Hediard in See also:

• LES

Les Maitres de la lithographie (1898-1899) . A See also:

• VOLUME

volume of reproductions, in a limited edition, was published (Paris, 1907) as L'CEuvre lithographigue de Fantin-Latour . See A . Julliell, Fantin-Latour, sa See also:

• VIE

vie et ses amities (Paris, 1909) .