MANFREDO See also:

• FANTI
• MANFREDO FANTI (1806-1865)

FANTI (1806-1865)  , See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• CARPI
• CARPI, GIROLAMO DA (15or-1556)

Carpi and educated at the military See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college of See also:

• MODENA (ancient Mutina)

Modena . In 1831 he was implicated in the revolutionary See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement organized by Ciro Menotti (see Fn NCIs IV., of Modena), and was condemned to See also:

• DEATH

death and hanged in effigy, but escaped to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, where he was given an See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment in the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps of See also:

• ENGINEERS, MILITARY

engineers . In 1833 he took See also:

• PART

part in Mazzini's abortive See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to invade See also:

• SAVOY, HOUSE
• SAVOY, HOUSE OF

Savoy, and in 1835 he went to See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain to serve in See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• CHRISTINA (1626–1689)
• CHRISTINA [MARIA CHRISTINA HENRIETTA DESIREE FELICITE RENIERE]

Christina's See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army against the Carlists . There he remained fo+' thirteen years, distinguishing himself in See also:

• BATTLE

battle and rising to a high See also:

• STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

staff appointment . But on the outbreak of the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war between See also:

• PIEDMONT (Ital. Piemonte; Low Lat. Pedemons and Pedemontium)

Piedmont and See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria in 1848 he hurried back to See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, and although at first his services were rejected both by the Piedmontese See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government and the Lombard provisional government, he was afterwards given the command of a Lombard See also:

• BRIGADE (Fr. and Ger. brigade, Ital. brigata, Span. brigada; the English use of the word dates from the early 17th century)

brigade . In the general confusion following on See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• ALBERT
• ALBERT (1490'1545)
• ALBERT (149o-1568)
• ALBERT (1522–1557)
• ALBERT (FRANCIS CHARLES AUGUSTUS ALBERT EMMANUEL) (1819—1861)
• ALBERT (FRIEDRICH RUDOLF ALBRECHT)
• ALBERT, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS
• ALBERT, MADAME (c. 2805—2846)

Albert's defeat on the Mincio and his See also:

• RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

retreat to See also:

• MILAN
• MILAN (Ital. Milano, Ger. Mailand, anc. Mediolanum, q.v.)

Milan, where the See also:

• PEOPLE

people See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose against the unhappy See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, See also:

• FANTI
• FANTI, MANFREDO (1806-1865)

Fanti's courage and tact saved the situation . He was elected member of the Piedmontese chamber in 1849, and on the renewal of the See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign he again commanded a Lombard brigade under General Ramorino . After the Piedmontese defeat at See also:

• NOVARA

Novara (23rd of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March) See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace was made, but a rising See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke out at See also:

• GENOA (anc. Genua, Ital. Genova, Fr. GPnes)

Genoa, and Fanti with See also:

• GREAT

great difficulty restrained his See also:

• LOMBARDS, or LANGOBARDI

Lombards from taking part in it . But he was suspected as a Mazzinian and a soldier of See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune by the higher Piedmontese See also:

• OFFICERS

officers, and they insisted on his being See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court-martialled for his operations under Ramorino (who had been tried and shot) . Although honourably acquitted, he was not employed again until the See also:

• CRIMEAN

Crimean expedition of 1855 . In the second See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian war in 1859 Fanti commanded the and See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division, and contributed to the victories of Palestro, See also:

• MAGENTA

Magenta and See also:

• SAN

San Martino . After the peace of Villafranca he was sent to organize the army of the Central Italian See also:

• LEAGUE

League (composed of the See also:

• PRO

pro-visional governments of See also:

• TUSCANY
• TUSCANY (Toscana)

Tuscany, Modena, See also:

• PARMA

Parma and Romagna), and converted it in a few months into a well-drilled See also:

• BODY

body of 45,000 men, whose See also:

• FUNCTION

function was to be ready to intervene in the papal states on the outbreak of a revolution .

He showed statesmanlike qualities in steering a clear course between the exaggerated prudence of See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

Baron See also:

• RICASOLI, BETTINO, BARON (1809-1880)

Ricasoli, who wished to recall the troops from the frontier, and the impetuosity of See also:

• GARIBALDI, GIUSEPPE (1807-1882)

Garibaldi, his second-in-command, who was anxious to invade Romagna prematurely, even at the See also:

• RISK

risk of Austrian intervention . Fanti's firmness led to Garibaldi's resignation . In See also:

• JANUARY

January 186o Fanti became See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of war and marine under See also:

• CAVOUR (anc. Caburrum or Forum Vibii)
• CAVOUR, CAMILLO BENSO, COUNT (1810–18.61)

Cavour, and incorporated the League's army in that of Piedmont . In the meanwhile Garibaldi had invaded See also:

• SICILY (Ital. Sicilia)

Sicily with his Thousand, and King See also:

• VICTOR
• VICTOR, GAIUS JULIUS (4th cent. A.D.)
• VICTOR, SEXTUS AURELIUS

Victor See also:

• EMMANUEL, or IMMANUEL

Emmanuel decided at last that he too must intervene; Fanti was given the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief command of a strong Italian force which invaded the papal states, seized See also:

• ANCONA
• ANCONA, ALESSANDRO (1835– )

Ancona and other fortresses, and defeated the papal army at Castelfidardo, where the enemy's See also:

• COMMANDER

commander, General See also:

• LAMORICIERE, CHRISTOPHE LEON LOUIS JUCHAULT DE (18o6–1865)

Lamoriciere, was captured . In three See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks Fanti had conquered the See also:

• MARCHE
• MARCHE, or LA MARCHE

Marche and See also:

• UMBRIA
• UMBRIA ('Opj3pucrl)

Umbria and taken 28,000 prisoners . When the army entered Neapolitan territory the king took the chief command, with Fanti as chief of the staff . After defeating a large Neapolitan force at Mola and organizing the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege operations See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round See also:

• GAETA (anc. Caietae Portus)

Gaeta, Fanti returned to the war See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office at See also:

• TURIN

Turin to carry out important army reforms . His attitude in opposing the See also:

• ADMISSION

admission of Garibaldi's 7000 officers into the See also:

• REGULAR

regular army with their own grades made him the See also:

• OBJECT

object of great unpopularity for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, and led to a severe reprimand from Cavour . On the death of the latter (7th of See also:

• JUNE

June 1861) he resigned office and took command of the VII. army corps . But his See also:

• HEALTH

health had now broken down, and after four years' suffering he died in See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence on the 5th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1865 . His lose was greatly See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt in the war of 1866 . See Carandini, Vita di M .

Fanti (See also:

• VERONA
• VERONA, CONGRESS OF

Verona, 1872); A . Di Giorgio, Il Generale M . Fanti (Florence, 1906) .