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FATIMITES, or FATIMIDES

FAUCES (a Latin plural word for " throat "; the singular faux is rarely found)

LEONARD JOSEPH [L1;oN] FAUCHER (1803-1854)

CLAUDE FAUCHET (1530-1601)

CLAUDE FAUCHET (1744-1793)

HELENA SAVILLE FAUCIT (1817-1898)

FAULT (Mid. Eng. faute, through the French, from the popular Latin use of fallere, to fail; the originallof the Latin being replaced in English in the 15th century)

FAUNA AND FLORA

HENRY FAUNTLEROY (1785–1824)

FAUNUS (i.e. the "kindly," from Lat. favere, or the " speaker," from fari)

FAUR GABRIEL (1845– )

FRANCOIS FELIX FAURE (1841–18gg)

CLAUDE CHARLES FAURIEL (1772-1844)

FAUST, or FAUSTUS

ANNIA GALERIA FAUSTINA

CHARLES SIMON FAVART (1710-1792)

FAVORINUS (2nd century A.D.)

JEAN ALPHONSE FAVRE (1815-1890)

JULES CLAUDE GABRIEL FAVRE (1809-1880)

FAVUS (Lat. for honeycomb)

HENRY FAWCETT (1833-1884)

JOHN FAWCETT (1768-1837)

FRANCIS FAWKES (1720-1777)

GUY FAWKES (1570-1606)

ANDRAS FAY (1786–1864)

SIR JOSEPH FAYRER

FAZOGLI, or FAZOKL

CARLO FEA (1753-1836)

CHARLES FEARNE (1742-1794)

FEASTS AND FESTIVALS

FEATHER (0. Eng. (ether, Ger. Feder, from an Indo-European root seen also in Gr. lrrepov, and aEreo-Oat, to fly)

FEATLEY (or FA1xcLOUGH) DANIEL (1582-1645)

ALEXANDRE FEBVRE

GUSTAV THEODOR FECHNER (1801-1887)

CHARLES ALBERT FECHTER (1824–1879)

JOHN FECKENHAM (c. 1515-1584)

ALEXIS PAVLOVICH FEDCHENKO (1844-1873)

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT (Lat. foedus, a league)

FEDERALIST PARTY

CAMILLO FEDERICI (1749-1802)

HERMANN VON FEHLING (1812—1885)

FEHMIC COURTS (Ger. Femgerichte, or Vehmgerichte, of disputed origin, but probably, according to J. Grimm, from 0. High Ger. feme or feime, a court of justice)

BENITO JERONIMO FEIJOO Y MONTENEGRO (1676-1764)

RHIJNVIS FEITH (1753-1824)

GYORGY FEJER (1766–1851)

FELANITA, or FELANICHE

LIA FELIX (1830– )

JOHN FELL (1625-1686)

FELLAH (pl. Fellahin)

PHILIPP EMANUEL VON FELLENBERG (1771-1844)

FRANCOIS XAVIER DE FELLER (1735-1802)

SIR CHARLES FELLOWS (1799-1860)

FELO DE SE (M.L. a felon, i.e. murderer, of himself)

FELONY (0. Fr. felonie, from felon, a word meaning " wicked," common to Romanic languages, cf. Italian fella, fellone, the ultimate origin of which is obscure, but is possibly connected either with Lat. fel, gall, or fallere, to deceive. The English " fel

FELSPAR, or FELDSPAR

FELSTED, or FELSTEAD

FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

FELTHAM, or FELLTHAM, OWEN (d. 1668)

CORNELIUS CONWAY FELTON (1807-1862)

JOHN FELTON (c. 1595-1628)

FELTRE (anc. Feltria)

MORTO DA FELTRE

FELUCCA (an Italian word; in forms like the Span. faluca, Fr. felouque, it appears in other languages; it is probably of Arabic origin, cf. fulk, a ship, and falaka, to be round; the modern Arabic form is falukah)

BERTRAND DE SALIGNAC FENELON

FENESTRATION (from O. Fr. fenestre, modern fenelre, Lat. fenestra, a window, connected with Gr. cbaivety, to show)

FENIANS, or FENIAN BROTHERHOOD

PENTAMERIDAE PORAMBONITIDAE SYNTROPHIIDAE CLITAMBONITIDAE ORTHIDAE FENIDAE

DUDLEY FENNER (c. 1558-1587)

FENNY STRATFORD

FENRIR, or FENRIS

EDWARD FENTON (d. 1603)

ELIJAH FENTON (1683-1730)

LAVINIA FENTON (1708-1760)

SIR GEOFFREY FENTON (c. 1539-1608)

SIR JOHN FENWICK (c. 1645-1697)

FERDINAND (1577-1650)

FERDINAND (COLOGNE)

FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")

MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA FERDINAND

FERENTINO (anc. Ferentinum, to be distinguished from Ferentum or Ferentinum in Etruria)

FERENTUM, or FERENTINUM

FERETORY (from Lat. feretrum, a bier, from ferre, to bear)

FERGHANA, or FERGANA

ADAM FERGUSON (1723-1816)

JAMES FERGUSON (1710-1776)

ROBERT FERGUSON (c. 1637-1714)

SIR SAMUEL FERGUSON (1810-1886)

JAMES FERGUSSON (18o8-r886)

ROBERT FERGUSSON (1750-1774)

SIR WILLIAM FERGUSSON

FERINGHI, or FERINGHEE

MAHOMMED KASIM FERISHTA (c. 1570-c. 1611)

PIERRE DE FERMAT (1601-1665)

FERMO (anc. 1%irmum Picenum)

FERN (from O. Eng. fearn, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch varen, and Ger. Farn; the Indo-European root, seen in the Sanskrit parna, a feather, shows the primary meaning; cf. Gr. rmep6 , feather, rTepis, fern)

ALVARO FERNANDEZ

DIEGO FERNANDEZ

JOHN FERNANDEZ (Joao, Joam)

JUAN FERNANDEZ (fl. c. 1570)

LUCAS FERNANDEZ

FERNANDO DE NORONHA [Fernao de N.]

FERNANDO PO, or FERNANDO

JEAN FRANCOIS FERNEL (1497-1558)

KARL LUDWIG FERNOW (1763-1808)

COMTE ANTOINE FRANCOIS CLAUDE FERRAND

NICHOLAS FERRAR (1592-1637)

ROBERT FERRAR (d. 1555)

GAUDENZIO FERRARI (1484-1549)

GIUSEPPE FERRARI (1812–1876)

PAOLO FERRARI (1822–1889)

ANTONIO FERREIRA (1528–1569)

4TH EARL LAURENCE SHIRLEY FERRERS (1720-1760)

CIRO FERRI (1634-1689)

LUIGI FERRI (1826-1895)

ARNAUD DU FERRIER (c. 1508-1585)

JAMES FREDERICK FERRIER (1808-1864)

PAUL FERRIER (1843– )

SUSAN EDMONSTONE FERRIER (1782–1854)

FERROL [El Ferrol]

FERRUCCIO, or FERRUCCI, FRANCESCO (1489-1530)

FERRY (from the same root as that of the verb " to fare," to journey or travel, common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. fahren; it is connected with the root of Gr. 7ropos, way, and Lat. portage, to carry)

JULES FRANCOIS CAMILLE FERRY (1832—1893)

COUNT VON FREDRIK AXEL FERSEN (1719—1794)

COUNT VON HANS AXEL FERSEN (1755-1810)

FREDERIC ERNEST FESCA (1789–1826)

FESCENNINE VERSES (Fescennina carmina)

JOSEPH FESCH (1763–1839)

WILLIAM PITT FESSENDEN (1806—1869)

IGNAZ AURELIUS FESSLER (1756-1839)

CONSTANZO FESTA (c. 1495–1545)

FESTINIOG (or FFESTINIOG)

FESTOON (from Fr. feston, Ital. festone, from a Late Lat. festo, originally a " festal garland," Lat. festum, feast)

FESTUS (? RuFUS or RUFIUS)

SEXTUS POMPEIUS FESTUS

FRANCOIS JOSEPH FETIS (1784–1871)

FETTERS AND HANDCUFFS

BARONNE DE SOPHIE FEUCHERES (1795-1840)

FREIIIERR VON ERNST FEUCHTERSLEBEN (1806-1849)

FEUDALISM (from Late Lat. feodum or feudum, a fee or fiel; see FEE)

ANSELM FEUERBACH (1829-188o)

LUDWIG ANDREAS FEUERBACH (1804—1872)

RITTER VON PAUL JOHANN ANSELM FEUERBACH (1775-1833)

OCTAVE FEUILLET (1821-1890)

FEUILLETON (a diminutive of the Fr. feuillet, the leaf of a book)

MARQUIS DE ISAAC MANASSLS DE PAS FEUQUIIRES (1590-1640)

PAUL HENRI CORENTIN FEVAL (1817–1887)

FEVER (Lat. febris, connected with fervere, to burn)

FEZZAN (the ancient Phazania, or country of the Garamantes)

SAINT FIACRE (Celt. Fiachra)

FIBRES (or FIBERS, in American spelling; from Lat. fibra, apparently connected either with filum, thread, or findere, to split)

FIBRIN, or FIBRINE

IMMANUEL HERMANN FICHTE (originally HARTMANN) VON (1797-1879)

JOHANN GOTTLIEB FICHTE (1762-1814)

MARSILIO FICINO (1433-1499)

RICHARD FIDDES (1671-1725)

FIDDLE (O. Eng. fithele, fidel, &c., Fr. vide, viole, violon; M. H. Ger. videle, mod. Ger. Fiedel)

FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)

FIELD OF THE CLOTH OF GOLD

CYRUS WEST FIELD (1819-1892)

DAVID DUDLEY FIELD (18o5-1894)

EUGENE FIELD (1850-1895)

FREDERICK FIELD (18o1—1885)

HENRY MARTYN FIELD (1822-1907)

JOHN FIELD (1782—1837)

MARSHALL FIELD (183 1906)

NATHAN FIELD (1587—1633)

STEPHEN JOHNSON FIELD (1816-1899)

BARON WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD FIELD (1813-1907)

FIELDFARE (O.E. fealo for=fallow-farer)

ANTHONY VANDYKE COPLEY FIELDING (1787-1855)

HENRY FIELDING (1707-1754)

WILLIAM STEVENS FIELDING (1848– )

JAMES THOMAS FIELDS (1817-1881)

NATHANIEL FIENNES (c. 1608-1669)

GIUSEPPE MARCO FIESCHI (1790-1836)

FIESCO (DE' FIESCIII), GIOVANNI LUIGI (c. 1523–1547)

FIESOLE (anc. Faesulae, q.v.)

FIFE (Fr. fifre; Med. Ger. Schweizerpfeiff, Feldpfeiff; Ital. ottavino)

FIFTH MONARCHY MEN

FIGUEIRA DA FOZ, or FIGUEIRA

PUBLIUS NIGIDIUS FIGULUS (c. 98–45 B.C.)

FIGURATE NUMBERS

CARLO FILANGIERI (1784–1867)

GAETANO FILANGIERI (1752—1788)

SIR LUKE FILDES (1844— )

FRANCESCO FILELFO (1398-1481)

VINCENZO DA FILICAJA (1642-1707)

FILIGREE (formerly written filigrann or filigrane; the Ital. filigrana, Fr. filigrane, Span. filigrana, Ger. Drahtgefiecht)

FILLAN, SAINT, or FAELAN

FILLET (through Fr. filet, from the med. Lat. filettum, diminutive of filum, a thread)

MILLARD FILLMORE (1800-1874)

SIR ROBERT FILMER (d. 1653)

PIERRE MARIE AUGUSTIN FILON (1841– )

FILOSA (A. Lang)

FILTER (a word common in various forms to most European languages, adapted from the medieval Lat. fi-ltrum, felt, a material used as a filtering agent)

GAIUS FLAVIUS FIMBRIA (d. 84 B.C.)

FIMBRIATE (from Lat. fimbriae, fringe)

FINALE (Ital. for " end ")

FINCH (Ger. Fink, Lat. Fringilla)

BARON JOHN FINCH FINCH OF FORDWICH (1584-166o)

FRIEDRICH AUGUST VON FINCK (1718-1766)

HEINRICH FINCK (d. c. 1519)

HERMANN FINCK (1527—1558)

WILLIAM FINDEN (1787—1852)

ANDREW FINDLATER (1810—,885)

JOHN RITCHIE FINDLAY (1824—1898)

SIR GEORGE FINDLAY (1829—1893)

FINGO, or FENGU (Ama-Fengu, " wanderers ")

FINIAL (a variant of " final "; Lat. finis, end)

MASO [i.e. TOMMASO] FINIGUERRA (1426-1464)

FINISTERE, or FINISTERRE

FINLAND (Finnish, Suomi or Suomenmaa)

GEORGE FINLAY (1799-1875)

FINN MAC COOL (in Irish FIND MAC CUMAILL)

FIORENZO DI LORENZO (c. 1440-1522)

JOHANN DOMINICUS FIORILLO (1748-1821)

FIRDAUSI FIRDOUSY

FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

FIRE AND FIRE EXTINCTION

AGNOLO FIRENZUOLA (1493-c. 1545)

FIRMAN (an adaptation of the Per. ferman, a mandate or patent, cognate with the Sanskrit pramdna, a measure, authority)

MATERNUS JULIUS FIRMICUS

BATTLE FIRST OF JUNE

CHARLES HARDING FIRTH (1857– )

MARK FIRTH (1819-1880)

JOHANN FISCHART (c. 1545–1591)

EMIL FISCHER (1852– )

ERNST KUNO BERTHOLD FISCHER (1824–1907)

FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)

HAMILTON FISH (1808-1893)

ALVAN FISHER (1792–1863)

GEORGE PARK FISHER (1827-1909)

JOHN FISHER (c. 1469-1535)

1ST BARON JOHN ARBUTHNOT FISHER FISHER

FISHERY (LAW OF)

FISHGUARD (Abergwaun)

FISHKILL LANDING

JAMES FISK (1834-1872)

WILBUR FISK (1792-1839)

JOHN FISKE (1842-1901)

MINNIE MADDERN FISKE (1865– )

FISTULA (Lat. for a pipe or tube)

JOHN FITCH (1743–1798)

RALPH FITCH (fl. 1583-1606)

SIR JOSHUA GIRLING FITCH (1824-1903)

RUDOLF FITTIG (1835– )

MARY FITTON (c. 1578-1647)

WILLIAM HENRY FITTON (1780-1861)

WILLIAM FITZ OSBERT (d. 1196)

GEOFFREY FITZ PETER (d. 1213)

ROBERT FITZ STEPHEN (fl. 1150)

ARNOLD FITZ THEDMAR (d. 1274)

EDWARD FITZBALL (1792—1873)

EDWARD FITZGERALD (1809–1883)

LORD E FITZGERALD

LORD EDWARD FITZGERALD (1763-1798)

LORD THOMAS FITZGERALD (loth earl of Kildare), (1513-1537)

FITZGERALD, RAYMOND, or REDMOND (d. ca. 1182)

SIR ANTHONY FITZHERBERT (1470–1538)

THOMAS FITZHERBERT (1552–1640)

ROBERT FITZROY (1805-1865)

ROBERT FITZWALTER (d. 1235)

SIR WILLIAM FITZWILLIAM (1526-1599)

2ND EARL WILLIAM WENTWORTH FITZWILLIAM FITZWILLIAM (1748-1833)

FIUME (Slay. Rjeka, Rieka or Reka, Ger. St Veit am Flaum)

THEODORE FIX (180o-1846)

FIXTURES (Lat. figere, to fix)

ARMAND HIPPOLYTE LOUIS FIZEAU (1819–1896)

FJORD, or FIORD

GEOFROI JACQUES FLACH (1846– )

FLACIUS (Ger. Flack; Slay. Vlakich), MATTHIAS (1520-1575)